Bookmarks for IT 320

Web Technologies

Course Syllabus

Last Updated 10/28/06

I am particularly grateful to my IT 320 students for their contributions to these links

Please note that many elementary bookmarks may also be found at http://web.simmons.edu/~menzin/CS101_Site/bookmarks.html
Some of these bookmarks are old, but they include many links on web-safe colors, free graphics, site design issues, JavaScript tutorials, etc.

Please be sure to check the General Tools section, in addition to the sections for specific topics.

General Tools

Tools for many IT 320 topics
Tools for many IT topics - not course specific

FTP Utilities

UNIX/LINUX
Search Engines and Getting Found
Tech News Sources
Tools for Accessibility -Color Blind Viewers etc
Other IT Tools

Misc. tools

HTML/XHTML including CSS

XHTML/HTML
       XHTML/HTML Documentation
       XHTML/HTML Tutorials and Articles
                     Tutorials and elementary articles
                     Forms, Post and Get - see also section on CGI
                     More advanced articles
       XHTML/HTML Links and Resources
                      HTML Tidy and Validation
                      XHTML Editors
                      Link Checkers
                      Browsers including issudes on standards compliance
                      Other XHTML Links and Resources
       Issues in Site and Page Design including useability issues
       Note: DHTML is in the JavaScript section (see Articles – advanced);

                Best practices for DHTML currently use the DOM.
   CSS or Cascading Style Sheets
      CSS Documentation
      CSS Tutorials and Articles
      CSS Links and Resources

JavaScript
JS Documentation
JS Tutorials and Articles

General Tutorials

          Articles on Specific Topics (not advanced)
          Articles on Specific Topics - advanced (DOM, DHTML, Event Model, Cookies etc.)
    JS Links and Resources

CGI and Server-Side Scripting
CGI - see also Perl

Perl - see also CGI

ActivePerl (free)

PERL Documentation, Tutorials and Resources
PERL Examples, Scripts, Hints

          PHP
          Python
          And more - ASP etc.

Web Services

General Information, what is SOA, what are benefits, etc.

Web Servers
Other General Information – including information on SOAP, WSDL and UDDI

XML, XST, XPath etc

XML

XML Documentation, Tutorials and Articles

Documentation
Tutorials

                             Other Resources and Articles
               XML view of XHTML
                XMLSpy
               XML Other Parsers

               XML and Encryption
           XSL/XSLT and XPath
                XSL/XSLT and XPath - Articles, Tutorials and Documentation
                XSL etc. Tools and Implementations

XML and Security
Extensions to Other Languages - MathML, eBXML, BPML, RDF and RSS etc.

Financial Services Industry

Other Web Technologies

br> Amazon and Web Services

Java

IT 320 Bookmarks

General Tools

Tools for Many IT320 Topics

Webmonkey:The Web Developer's Resource: Large and useful site on site design for professionals - from beginner to master- many links; Includes info on PERL etc
DevEdge Netscape Sidebar Tabs: Sidebars for HTML, CSS, JavaScript etc. you may install in Netscape 6+ for heavy duty developers.
DevEdge was a wonderful site, now archived here.
The sidebar tabs, which work in later Netscapes and in Firefox, are professional tools for developers. For example, there are sidebars for JavaScript, CSS, DOM and XSLT.
WebDeveloper.com ®: Where Web Developers and Designers Learn How to Build Web Sites, Program in Java and JavaScript and More!: Links on Html, XHTML, JavaScript, Perl, CGI etc.
HotScripts: Articles on scripts for many languages and technologies - Perl, PHP, Python, JavaScript, XML
Web Developer's Virtual Library: Tutorials on authoring, including intermediate level ones; JavaScript, CSS, XML, etc.
w3schools: On-line tutorials for many subjects - including CSS, XML, etc.
Usually a very clear survey of the issues, features, syntax.
Read before you get into the grubby details for an excellent overview.
ASPN: Resource for programmers in PERL,PHP, Python, etc. Major site.
Kira's Web Toolbox
Builder.com - Beyond the code: Web services, Java, Database,UNIX, XHTML etc.
Some articles more obscure than useful.
Newsletters
The Digital Divas - A Network of Digitally Gifted Women: Links to sites for HTML, CGI, Perl, etc.
Survey of browser usage: But beware that Netscape and Mozilla may be confounded; See also description of Mozilla
Many scripts in many languages: Includes HTML, RSS, Perl
The Experts: Links to Dmitry's Design lab (a favorite), articles on XML, DHTML
w3.org: All the specs on all the web standards and some (difficult) primers
Goodies To Go! Newsletter Archive: Index of useful articles on many topics - from technical issue to optimizing for search engines
Web Monkey: Tutorials on a variety of topics
Mozilla’s Developer Center: Links to articles and reference material on every topic in the course and then some.
A List Apart (calls itself ALA): Mainly articles on CSS code, but also some on JavaScript, XML, layout and web site design
I particularly like the article on lists in CSS.

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IT in general - not course specific

FTP Utilities

CoreFTPLite: This is my favorite free FTP client;
It supports SFTP/SSH.
It is easy to use and robust.
Please note that on some LINUX machines (e.g. those requiring SFTP, such as Anita) you must use SFTP; on others you may not be able to upload files if you use SFTP.
SSH Communications Security : Home: Site for another secure FTP utility.
FTP server: Another secure FTP utility - 30 day free trial
Choosing an FTP utility: FTP for various OS's.
Download WS_FTP LE: License for current edition of Ipswitch FTP Home Edition (low cost)
FTPplanet.com - A community site for users of FTP: Ipswitch's site, including guide on their FTP utility
Setting up your FTP utility
SmartFTP: A free FTP utility; I find CoreFTP easier to use.
Filezilla: Free FTP and SFTP (Secure FTP) utility (from Source Forge)
CyberDuck: Another free FTP and SFTP utility- this one for Macs
Fugu: SFTP for Macs with a graphical front-end

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UNIX/LINUX

While you are on a UNIX/LINUX machine:: man commandName gives the manual’s sections on that command.
A tutorial which starts with the basic but goes to more topics –: great resource
UNIX Systems Admin: Very detailed course
There are many LINUX (and UNIX) groups on Google
The following tutorials are all very, very basic:
BigNoseBird Introduction and tutorials: Quick, barely large enough to be useful introduction to LINUX and file permissions with link to good vi tutorial and cgi scripts
Linux Primer from Clark University
Good introductory primer
Another basic intro –: from Bridgewater College
A tutorial which starts with the basic but goes to more topics –: Great resource
Linux Links: Includes a place for newbies, but most of the searches link to books at Amazon
To edit all scripts with one line of Perl
LinuxPlanet: has a lot of info – perhaps more than you want
There are elementary tutorials on shell programming etc – starting basic
Shell programming: Part 1 talks about basics – copying, moving files etc.;
Part 2 talks about pipes, redirection and I/O.
vi and vim documentation and tutorials: There is a tutorial on most UNIX/LINUX machines.
Type vimtutorial (Vim is an update of vi.)
BigNoseBird Tutorial: Very useful cheat sheet of editing commands
UNIX/LINUX guide from Web Monkey: Two dozen of the most frequently used commands

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Search Engines and Getting Found

SearchEngines.com - search engine rankings and search engine optimization tips.: Largest site on search engines; newsletters etc. How to get found and where you want to be found
Search Engines: What's the Difference?: Google vs. Yahoo vs. Ask Jeeves / Teoma
Goodies to Go! Newsletter #281: Search engines- met-tags and general intro
Goodies to Go! Newsletter #282: Which search engine do you wish to optimize your site for?
Goodies to Go! Newsletter #286: On getting found - belongs in Search Engines
How Search Engines Work: Several pages, including good information you’ll want to know on how they rank pages
Major Search Engines and Directories: Major search engines and how to get listed
Before You Write Meta Tags: Uses for meta-tags, including general and internal search engines
The impact of links and link text on search engine placement: Getting found

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Other IT Tools

Builder.com - Beyond the code: Web services, Java, Database, Unix, XHTML etc.
Reviews and free downloads at Download.com
https://techrepublic-secure.com.com/5106-6242-24-15872.html?part=tr&subj=15872: CD on how to manage a small office network
PDFConverterX, PDF to Text Component for Conversion: Tool to convert PDF documents to text or HTML. Maybe old
Choosing a CMS - What you Need to Know: Choosing a CMS (Content Management System)
TIOBE Community Bulletin Board: Lists frequency of queries about various languages
DDJ: Dr. Dobbs Journal has links on many programming languages and platforms

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Tech News Sources

ACM: Current news; you should also get their newsletter with weekly updates.
If you are a student, you should join; student memberships are a bargain.
IEEE: This site has more news about the IEEE than about technology.
Local societies and local computer societies also frequently have newsletters
Zdnet: Reviews of software, hardware and tech toys; good place to find free utilities (e.g. for FTP)
as well as to comparison shop for new computers, digital cameras, etc.
CNET Tech News
TechWeb – catering to IT folk
Tech News World
SlashDot: Slashdot likes to describe itself as ‘news for nerds’
Wired.com
And, of course, all the general news outlets from the N Y Times to Yahoo!

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Tools for Accessibility - e.g. for color-blind and low-vision users

Web Accessibility Initiative: W3c's links to everything you could need to know about accessibility problems
on-line and how to address them.
This site links to EVERYTHING.
Color Deficient Vision: See how your site looks to someone who
is color-blind with links (at bottom) to transforming tools.
Rules so your site will be accessible for the color-blind
CSS for aural style sheets: For pages which are read aloud
Web documentation for aural style sheets: From w3.org
Web Standards: Webstandards.org is devoted to affordable accessibility for all.
Through their site you may obtain the British guide to accessible sites
Creating accessible tables from the w3c.org: How to create tables (for tabular information, not for layout) which work for Braille readers, cell phones, etc.
Accessibility and the Web - Designing Web Pages that are Color-Blind Friendly: Rules so your site will be accessible for the color-blind
Web Exact: This is a free service which validates for conformance to accessibility rules.
Lynx Viewer: Lynx is a text-only browser.

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Other IT Tools and Resources

Client and server
: Introduction to terms
: Newsletters on CSS, XHTML, JavaScript etc.
Builder.com : Architect : Web Services: Newsletters on web services
Goodies To Go! Newsletter Archive: Index of useful articles on many topics - from technical issue to optimizing for search engines.
Some are dated.
The Digital Divas - A Network of Digitally Gifted Women: Links to sites for HTML, CGI, Perl, etc.
Sun Microsystems: Sun's developer site - information on Java, Web Services, etc.
WebDeveloper.com ®: Where Web Developers and Designers Learn How to Build Web Sites, Program in Java and JavaScript and More!: Links on Html, XHTML, JavaScript, Perl, CGI etc.
Amaya Home Page: Editor which includes extensions to MathML;
Amaya is a w3c.org tool for editing on the web
Webmonkey | Reference: Special Characters: Another list of all the special codes.
Apache: A very large, major open source organization with many projects.
Apache is a web server; there are links to Xerces, Apache’s XML editing tool, other XML projects, and many other projects and products.
Source Forge: Another large source for open source projects

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Miscellaneous Tools- not IT related

VisiBone Touch-Typing Tutor: Typing tutor - in case you need it or know someone who does
WinSite: Graph paper printer

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HTML and XHTML, including CSS

XHTML/HTML

Please note that a large number of resources, including information about web page and web site design may be found at www.simmons.edu/~menzin/CS101_Site/bookmarks.html the bookmarks for CS101, my introductory web design class. Most of these links are not duplicated on this page, and you should be sure to visit the CS101 bookmarks.

Documentation for HTML and XHTML

HTML Codes - Special Characters - ASCII Table from About.com: Codes for < , accented letters and other special characters
HTML Special Entities from w3schools: Another easy to use list
Webmonkey | Reference: Special Characters: Another list of all the special codes; Note: You may need to type the URL into your browser and then use the back button if the browser quickly goes to another page.; The URL is http://www.webmonkey.com/webmonkey/reference/special_characters/
Special Characters for HTML from w3c.org: Includes mathematical characters
XHTML Elements Library - HTML Tag Libraryfrom About.com: Links to summary of tags for HTML/XHTML by function (at bottom) and alphabetically (to right of sponsored links box) and links to summary of modules (major chunks by function) for XHTML
HTML elements from w3c.org
HTML attributes from w3c.org: Includes information on what is deprecated
Quick reference on all XHTML tags from DevGuru.com: Very easy to use and helpful, but doesn't warn you about usage dropped in going from transitional to strict Doctype.
Modularization of XHTML from About.com: Good intro to modularization of XHTML
Modularization of XHTML1.1 from w3c: Includes information on changes from XHTML1.0
You Already Write for Cell Phones - XHTML Basic: Modules and tags included in XHTML Basic, so you can write for PDA’s, cell phones, etc. Also see link above this.
XHTML Basic description and documentation: XHTML Basic is a minimal subset for 'small user agents' (cell phones, smart watches, TVs)
VisiBone HTML and CSS Products: Cards summarizing HTML, CSS, JavaScript syntax (to buy)
XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition): Turning HTML into XHTML from w3.org
HTML Working Group Roadmap: What modules and versions will be coming your way and when
The DOM model: Also check out the Tutorials and Articles section directly below and the information on the DOM in the JavaScript section.; This reference is from the JavaScript Kit.
HTML 4.01 Specification: Of course, by now you are writing XHTML.; You can also find the Forms specifications here.
IDocs References on HTML: This is from 2003 - before the days when XHTML was a must.; Still, it has useful basic information and some tutorials.
Setting the character set encoding: More information on character set encodings is in the Tutorials section.

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Tutorials and Articles for HTML and XHTML

Tutorials and Elementary Articles

Introduction to HTML: From w3.org; but by now you should be writing XHTML
Why switch to XHTML?
The Transition from HTML to XHTML: From About.com
Making the switch to XHTML: Why you should switch from HTML to XHTML - from Builder.com
XHTML 101 - Free XHTML Course: Good but basic introduction to XHTML.; There is also a free HTML class here (see links at the left.)
XHTML Tutorial from w3schools.com: w3schools tutorials are always a good place to begin.
Dave Ragett's Tutorials on HTML: Even though you should start with XHTML, this is such a clear, concise tutorial it's a classic.; There are also links to his advanced tutorial; And to his tutorial on CSS; And to his invaluable HTMLTidy
XHTML tutorials: You can also change the 1-1 in the URL to 2-1, 3-1, etc. to step thru the tutorials; This is from About.com
WDVL: Introduction to XHTML, with eXamples: XHTML tutorial from WDVL
HTML Tutorial from EchoEcho.com: Another clear HTML tutorial - but, of course, you'll write XHTML; This tutorial does haesome more advanced features - e.g. meta tags refresh, etc.; The navigation is so clear that you can quickly zoom to any details you need.
HTML Tutorial from HTML.net: Although this is an HTML tutorial it looks towards XHTML - e.g. close all tags, put tags in lower case, etc.
Wilbur is an older HTML tutorial: It has a useful alphabetical idex of tags.; Excellent at it's time, the author, Eric Meyer, has since become the guru of CSS
Attributes and XML: Introduction to attributes and values
Tutorials from w3c,org: This includes links to some advanced tutorials.
The span and div Tags: Clear summary of the similarities and differences; And how to use div appropriately
What's in a Title: What the title tag does for you and how to find it.
Writing HTML Code that is Human-Readable: Why you should do this, and how to do it
The trouble with using ems and percents for font sizing: Pitfalls of relative sizing for fonts
Are keywords the answer for font sizing?: Keywords work better than absolute or relative sizes for fonts
Properly using CSS and Scripts with XHTML - please also see section below on CSS: From Mozilla; with examples
Using an HTML Validator: Please also see section below on HTMLTidy
Quirks Mode - Using the DOCTYPE Tag: Why you need the DOCTYPE
Rise of the Underdog Browser: Why you need to design for all browsers; Please also refer to the sections on Site Design and Browsers
Font Families: How to Decide Which Font Family to Use -- Serif, Sans-Serif, Monospace, Script, Fantasy: Links to many code warriors and sites on dynamic HTML; More information on dynamic HTML and DOM may be found in the section on DOM - advanced articles on JavaScript
Guidelines for formatting lists
Attributes for the Image tag
Checklist for your web page: Good checklist oneverything from correct spelling to making sure your image files are small enough to download rapidly (12Kb)
Unordered lists - how to change the shape of the bullets or get none: Beginning with XHTML1.0 strict this must be done through styling.; This also works on mobile devices
Ordered lists - how to change the enumeration (e.g. Roman, Arabic numerals, letters, etc.): Beginning with XHTML1.0 strict this must be done through styling.; This also works on mobile devices; The starting point of the numbering/lettering may also be specified

Forms, Post and Get - see also section on CGI

A Useability checklist for forms: Excellent article
WDVL: Server-side Scripting: Excellent introduction to what CGI is and why it's needed.
WDVL: The GET Method: How GET assembles a request, so the HTTP request can be isolated and CGI can isolate the search parameters and their values
WDVL: Problems With the GET Method
WDVL: Request Headers: What's in an http header; How POST assembles a request etc.
WDVL: The <Form> Tag: Specifying POST and to what CGI script
Focus on forms: The focus() and blur() methods
Checkboxes vs Radio Buttons: From Jakob Nielsen, the great guru on useability
The Disabled attribute in forms: This allows you to fill in a field and prevent the suer from changing it
HTML Forms from w3c.org: Includes some advanced methods - e.g. fieldset for grouping related elements and control elements; Additions to forms in XHTML are also available.
XForms for HTML Authors: The w3c.org explains how to convert Forms to Xforms
Emailing Forms Data: Scripts to send form data by email, if you don't want to use the preferred CGI script

More Advanced Articles

Using Web Pages with Excel: How to set up your web page so that it may be downloaded into Excel
Coming eventually: XHTML2.0: What to expect
Modularization of XHTML: Good introduction to modularization of XHTML for XHTML; Also discusses the Transitional, Strict, and Frameset subsets of XHTML
Description of all the modules in XHTML 1.1: And the changes from the modularization of XHTML 1.0; Also links to the description of moularization in XHTML1.0; If you scroll down to the FULL table of contents you will find; which elements are part of which modules in XHTML 2.0; The description for XHTML 1.1 makes it easier to see where the w3c is heading, before; you go to the more complicated XHTML 2.0
The List Module in XHTML 2.0: A new type of list is added for navigation lists.; Open and recently resolved issues are at the bottom of the page.
You Already Write for Cell Phones - XHTML Basic: Modules and tags included in XHTML Basic, so you can write for PDA's, cell phones, etc. Also see links about modularization.
Tutorial on writing for mobile devices
Should you abandon table-based layouts in favor of CSS?: Yes- almost always! And this articles explains why
The document character set (Unicode): What are chasets all about?; How do I use them - a tutorial

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Links and Resources for HTML and XHTML

Validators, HTML Tidy and the connections between HTML and XHTML

HTML Tidy is the standard for XHTML validation.
Originally developed at the w3c, it is now under the aegis of Source Forge, the huge open source organization.

HTML tidy service - this is the place I recommend going!!: HTML Tidy on-line (interactive). Fast and easy to use.; You don't need to learn all the details of HTML Tidy to use this page.
General information about HTMLTidy and its capabilities
Clean up your Web pages with HTML TIDY: Link to HTMLTidy - turns your HTML into XHTML.; Although this page describes itself as 'somewhat dated', it has a lot of excellent information as well as a Link to Source Forge and current versions of HTML Tidy.
HTML Tidy Project Page: The actual HTML Tidy programs; You may download the programs if you wish to 'Tidy' your pages off-line.
HTML Tidy - Frequently Asked Questions
HTML Tidy Configuration Options Quick Reference: Options you may set for HTML Tidy at SourceForge.; This is a huge site, with a library of Tidy that you can call in various languages, and tools for version management.; Explains how to download your own copy of HTML Tidy and set the options
XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition): How to write HTML which is XHTML compatible so there is less to 'Tidy' up
Tidy Online: Another place to check your HTML and VALIDATE it!
This is another version of HTML Tidy: W3c Validator; W3C Markup Validation Service: Upload Files; Validate your XHTML
There are other validators
CSE HTML Validator Online Check: On-line HTML Validator; There is a free version.
Mozilla's DevEdge has links to several validators.
HTML Kit: Customizable HTL editor with HTML Tidy and beyond for validation; free for personal use.
HTML Validator: From the Web Design Group at www.htmlhelp.com - much of this is dated.; Note that this HTML site validates HTML, not XHTML!; They also offer a CSS checker (again for CSS1, not CSS2); And a very useful Link Valet, to check all the links on your page
Validator advice and common 'gotchas': From AListApart
Advice on validation and links to validators: Many useful links, but some links do not work in Netscape Navigator

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XHTML Editors

Links to 14 free XHTML editors: Brief description of each editor; Large parts of this were composed on Evrsoft's excellent 1st page; NoteTab Lite is also popular.; Amaya is the w3c's browser/editor and it is designed to work with mathematical expressions and Math ML.
WYSISYG Editors - a few of which are free: The list includes the usual commercial products - Dreamweaver, Adobe, etc. and links to them
More links on editorsfrom About.com
HTML-Kit - free, standards-compliant editor and validator
ZD Net's Download site is another source of editors.: Some reviews. Editors range from free to expensive.; Many have a free trial - or a free less fancy version; Check ZD Net's general download site for site management and design tools.
SourceForge, the huge open source software foundation: Also maintains a list of editor projects.; This includes editors for other languages too; Of course, everything is free.
HyperText Builder 2006: Earlier versions of this freeware editor were highly reviewed.; Includes tools for developing server-side PHP scripts

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Link Checkers

Link Valet: Free and easy to use. Color coded report makes it easy to find broken links, although some fancy 'error pages' don't get picked up as broken.
w3c link checker
ZDNet also has a list of link checkers.: List is updated and includes prices, release date, and some reviews.

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Browsers including issues on standards compliance

Why standards are important
Rise of the Underdog Browser: Why you need to design for all browsers
Survey of browser usage: But beware that Netscape and Mozilla may be confounded; See also description of Mozilla
Most recent version of Firefox: With acess to other Mozilla products including Firefox for all browsers
Archive of old broswers so you can test your site: This is really a one-stop place and is the eaasiest way to find old versions of Firefox.; Also has Bobby (for low vision viewers), Safari for Macs, Flock (social broswer).; Of course, all version of IE, including for handhelds are here.
SillyDog: Archive of old (and curent)Netscape browsers for pc's, Macs, Linux, etc.
Current Opera browser: Mobile version of browser also available here
Netscape archive of its browsers
Doctype switch and the difference between Quirks and Standard mode: Also has useful table on how older browsers handle various doctypes and articles on same.
Quirks mode for Mozilla browsers: Clear description of why Quirks mode is needed and how it works
How your page looks in Lynx, a text-only broswer
Major browsers with brief decriptions: and their bugs. Useful.
PNG and cross-broswer problems: PNG is a graphics format which is not supported in all browsers. This article tells you how to work around that
AListApart articles on browsers: Many of these articles are on CSS and site design issues.
Design for Firefox first and then IE: to make pages look good in both browsers.; Don't tell them what browser to use; And use the standards!

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Issue in Site and Page Design

Information on Color and Graphics

Color and Graphics: Good explanation of everything you might want to know about graphics - including bit depth, dithering, anti-aliasing etc.
The RGB Monitors: WDVL explains how colors are specified in XHTML and why
The 6x6x6 Color Cube: What colors you can specify using that cube
Browser safe, or non-dithering, colors: This is the most famous site for browser safe colors.; You should always use browser safe colors to avoid dithering; You may view the colors arranged by hue or by value.; Colors of similar value have similar intensity or impact.
Other pages with browser-safe colors may be found at: Primeline - nifty interactive tool; The Visual QuickStart Guide on XHTML and CSS; WDVL has a site on graphics; Links to free graphics, tools, resources etc. near the bottom of the page; Also some more advancedarticles on graphics; About.com; Cloford.com - Charts on colors, special characters, country codes
Dmitry's Color Lab: Excellent advice and information about color and design; Several pages
Optimizing Web Graphics: A bit dated, but many wonderful tools and links, and no one minds a fast download
Understanding Color and Accessibility: From evolt.org
Color Wheel and color theory: Many useful links to tools and other resources
Production Graphics: For the Graphics Professional
Tools for re-sizing images
Sources of free images and icons: HTML Writers' Guild -Links to several libraries of buttons,rules, etc.; Realm Graphics - 150 icons by type; Good source; Clip-art.com- Enormous collection of free clip art; Graphic Element samples - Large collection of basic but useful icons; Yahoo 's list of icon collections- Always a good place to start; ShockZone Animated GIFs - Use sparingly, but if you must, this is an easy place to find what you want; Also has non-animated clip art; Laura McCanna's Free Art Page- - Images with a similar feel; Icon Bazaar - Icons by category, so easier to find wht you want; Index of bullets - Useful site for colored bullets; Free Stuff Center - Leads to several collections; Webshots Photos - Enormous collection of photos, very well categorized; has several of everything you can think of; may also use it them as screen savers; GraphixKingdom - Large collection of clip art by category; Icon Browser - Large collection of icons, but not categorized, so time-consuming to use; Barry's Clip Art - Another huge, categorized source; Search for more free clipart; Search for more free photos

Page Design - Including Usability

The Basics of Page Layout: Basic - which is a good place to strt. Links at the bottom to other information
Useability checklist for forms: Good advice!
Useable forms for an international audienece: From evolt.org
Checkboxes vs. Radio Button: Article by Jakob Nielsen, the great guru of usability.; His web site has many articles on useability, including; The Top 10 mistakes of web design and; the all-important Usability 101.; Also annual lists of best and worst web sites.
Articles on writing for the web: From AListApart
On-line writing style: From Lynch and Horton's book
Tips for fast-loading pages: Useful for large pages/sites.; From Mozilla
Slash - getting URLS right
The F-shaped pattern for reading on the web: From Jakob Nielsen
Checklist for creating web pages
The all important back button: Links near the bottom lead to more articles about navigation
Writing Effective Links
Screen resolution and page layout
Usability.gov: Many articles, templates and lots of good advice about usability.; Includes information about the process of developing a site; as well as on planning, writing, programming and usability testing.; A treasure trove of information.
There are many tools and pages on acessibility issues in the general IT Tools section.: The w3c.org also has a Content Accessiblity Curriculum

Site Design

Art and the Zen of Web Sites: Humorous but very on-target advice.
Dmitry's Design Lab: Great advice on site design, navigation, etc. Great place to start
Web Style Guide: On-line version of Horton and Lynch's classic book; Good advice on everything from typography to navigation and on to site design; A complete course!; Further references may be found here.
Navigation advice: From evolt.org
Where Am I?: Good advice on naviagation
What makes for a good site?
How to drive your readers away
Articles on site design, layout and graphic design: From AListApart

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CSS or Cascading Style Sheets

Documentation for CSS etc.

Please note that many sites are a combination of tutorials, articles, doumentation, examples and information about tools. All these are found in the Links and Resouces for CSS section, so be sure to check out tht section too.

W3C HTML Home Page: I find myself also using these w3c pages:; w3c on the Cascade; w3c on assigning color values; w3c on Selectors; Style Activity Statement; Status of various projects on style sheets - including CSS and XSL; CSS Validator from w3c.org; So you know your code is valid; Cascading Style Sheets, Level 2; Includes what values may be assigned to what attributes, etc.; Fonts; w3c's definitions of the characteristics of fonts which you may specify, and how to do it.; Property index; Chart with all possible properties, possible value and default values.; Media types; The @import rule; Descriptor index; Highly technical reference on CSS descriptors, mostly related to fonts. Advanced and not normally useful.; XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition); Guidelines so your XHTML will work in existing HTML browsers
VisiBone HTML and CSS Products: Cards summarizing HTML, CSS, JavaScript syntax (to buy)
CSS Reference Table: Very useful table of attributes and values; from Bulder.com
CSS Reference table: Only CSS1, but a good clear place for a beginner to start, as is the guide to
CSS structure and rules: From htmlhelp.com; Other links from that site are available, including CSSCheckup, to check/validate for CSS (1),; A short tutorial on how to link style designations to your html page and; other web authoring tools (some dated – e.g. validate HTML but not XHTML).
Learning CSS: Books and articles on learning CSS (from w3c.org)
Web Style Sheets: w3c on style sheets - CSS and XSL
CSS for aural style sheets: For pages which are read aloud
Web documentation for aural style sheets: From w3.org
CSS Documentation and articles: Many topics and useful resources.; Covers CSS1 and CSS2.
CSS2 Reference from w3schools: Their tutorials are very useful, and so are their references.
CSS: The Definitive Guide - 1st editition by Eric Meyer: This is indeed the definitive guide.; The on-line version, which has less explanatory material than the print version, is also available through Safari Books at the ACM; Discusses CSS1 thoroughly and looks ahead to CSS2
HTML Goodies' Reference: May cover only CSS1, but easy to use and fine until all common browsers implement CSS2 or you use CSS2's features
Older (2001) documentation: Avaliable in other languages

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Tutorials & Articles for CSS

Learning CSS: Books,tutorials, etc. on CSS from w3c.org
Starting with HTML + CSS: First look at CSS from w3c.org.; Good place to start.; From w3schools.com; Another excellent introduction.
Dave Raggett's Introduction to CSS: from Dave Raggett at w3c.org
RichInStyle.com CSS2 tutorial
CSS How to: Usual excellent introduction from w3schools.com
Linking your style sheets to your html page
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) By Example: CSS Resources: Fine set of tutorials and links
Webmonkey’s Guide to CSS: More an overview than a tutorial
Tutorial from Alsacreations: Very elegant!
Tutorial from EchoEcho.com: Basic, clear.Many links on site.
Tutorial from HTML Goodies: Starts basic, but goes far enough;; Links to tools and other tutorials at the bottom
Primer on CSS from HTML Goodies
Beginner's tutorial from html.net: Useful index on the left side.; May be dated, as also has tutorial from HTML, rather than XHTML.
MaxDesign's tutorials: On lists, floats, etc.; Start with the SelectTutorial; These tutorials are intermediate level.
Quick Tutorial on CSS –: From WDG and htmlhelp.com.; May not include CSS2, but a fast start; Article on how to link, classes vs id etc basic but very clear
WestCiv’s tutorials: From beginning to advanced.
Another tutorial; this one is from CommunityMX: All sections are indexed in part 6; This site also has tutorials on Flash, Dreamweaver, etc.
The next block of tutorials is from About.com.They are good introductions:: Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Tutorial; About.com 's CSS tutorials,including table of contents to various lessons.; CSS Lesson 1: What are Cascading Style Sheets &# [ ]; Intro to CSS with links to many tutorials; CSS Lesson 2: Inline Styles &# [ ]; Where to put your styling - inline, external, etc.; CSS Lesson 3: <font> CSS &# [ ]; Text and font attributes; CSS Lesson 4: CSS Backgrounds &# [ ]; Backgrounds, boxes (can we live without tables?) and positioning; CSS Lesson 5: Tips and Tricks with CSS &# [ ]; DHTML and other tricks; CSS2 Generated Content; How to get CSS2 to manage your bullets, numbering etc.; Unfortunately IE has not yet implemented the :before and :after pseudo-elements; CSS Selectors; CSS Positioning; CSS Boxes; and dressing up your borders; CSS Specificity; What rules take precedence over which; CSS3 – what’s coming and also How It’s Implemented; Advanced articles on CSS; Media types (printer friendly pages); What browsers support in CSS and how to Display Stylesheets Dynamically; What browsers support what features and links on work-arounds for older browsers
Tutorial from Zvon.com: Also has links to tutorials on XML etc
The next set of articles is from Peachpit, publishers of books for graphic designers:: Styling forms attarctively; Print versions of web pages, paginations etc.
10 Favorite CSS tutorials, with brief descriptions.: None is elementary.; Tutorial on internationalization and CSS3; From w3c.org
CSS Structure and rules: Tutorial from htmlhelp.com; Includes rules for cascading
HTML Goodies - Explorer Tutorials: Well written tutorials, very clear, but maybe dated (e.g. CSS1 instead of CSS2, and doesn't appear to know that Navigator supports CSS too); There are other tutorials on CSS here too – with useful links to tools and more tutorials at the bottom
The next set of articles is from WDVL:: WDVL.com/Authoring/Style/Sheets/Tutorial.html; Link from About.com, but part of WDVL; WDVL: Introduction to Style Sheets; Same tutorial on WDVL’s site.; Tutorial on CSS - good top-dow approach;; Be sure to also look at their pages on Designing CSS Web Pages in the; "Links and Resources for CSS" section below.; Layers in CSS; WDVL: Linking Styles to Documents; How to link a style sheet to your page
The Brain Jar on Positioning with CSS: There are other tutorials here too - e.g. on DOM; There is also a tutorial on using CSS
Dealing with differences in CSS floats in IE and Netscape: Advanced article; also relevant to next article.
Rearrange page code to raise text relevance: How to move the important terms nearer the top of the page so your page gets found by search engines.
Change rollover effects by changing the order of CSS styles: Rollovers and the order of CSS styles
Why CSS styling is for tables too: Using CSS for tables
Integrated Web Design: Strategies for Long-Term CSS Hack Management: How to keep your solutions to the CSS foibles of different browsers under control over time
Add clickable icons to your links: Use CSS to get pretty pictures as bullets in you lists
Top 10 CSS Tips for Creating and Using Cascading Style Sheets: WebDeveloper.com's Guide to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
CSS2 Generated Content: :before and :after; does not work in IE
Positioning with CSS , Centering with CSS – fixed width , Centering with CSS – liquid width
Beginning CSS – from About
CSS and XSL: When to use which: The w3c says 'Use CSS when you can, use XSL when you must.'
Should you abandon tables for layout?: Almost always and here's why
Why you shouldn’t use in-line CSS with a strict DOCTYPE
Friendlybit.com also has many articles on CSS, HTML and JavaScript,: Including a Beginner’s Guide to CSS, and some simple templates.
CSS, PDFs, LaTeX and PrinceXML: Advanced.
Tutorials and FAQs from AlsaCreations: Good place to start - e.g. sections on tabless layout and on menus
In-line styling in CSS2: By Eric Meyer. Advanced
Case study of how Mozilla used CSS to redesign its DevEdge site
Case study of using CSS and JavaScript to design a menu bar
The CSS Anarchist: Older article on how to use CSS to wreck poorly coded sites and turn off blinking ads

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Links and Resources for CSS - Including Sample Layout Sources and Browser-Specific Hacks

W3C HTML Home Page: w3c.org - can't link to it too often
W3C home page on CSS: Links to articles, tutorials, documentation, roadmaps of what's coming, news, etc.; Another version of this, styled differently, is here.
Learning CSS: Books and articles on learning CSS
W3C Core Styles: 8 style sheets on w3c's server which you can link to from your pages.
Many references on CSS: From Web design Group a htmlhelp.com; There is also a link to further references
U. of Minnesota - Duluth organizes everything: This well-organized site has tutorials on CSS, information on (literally) everything from headers to footers and everything in between; They also have links to their sites on JavaScript, XML etc.
CSS & XHTML Bookmarks: An enormous list of galleries of CSS styles, CSS tutorials; (including 10 favorites) and articles.
EchoEcho.com: Many links, including to tutorials, articles and FAQs.; This is another huge list of resources and tools.; While most of this site includes CSS1 and CSS2, some of the links are dated; (e.g. tools developed before Windows XP).
Open Directory - Computers: Data Formats: Style Sheets: CSS: Many links for HTML, XHTML and CSS
WestCiv's links: Links to many articles, tutorials, tools etc.
CSS Pointers: Another large compendium of articles, FAQs, tools, etc. For the Pros.
VisiBone Style Sheet Examples: Examples of style sheets; they all sell crib sheets for codes etc.
More Eric Meyer on CSS: More books and articles by Eric Meyer on CSS; He also has a cutting edge site
Beginning CSS Articles: Links to many CSS tutorials and articles
WDVL: Designing CSS Web Pages: Interesting series of pages on knowing who your audience is etc. and how to design for them. Recommended
WDVL: House Style Sheet: Style sheet for all the WDVL pages
WDVL: Cascading Style Sheets Resources: Various on-line resources
WDVL: Cascading Style Sheets: Links to tutorials, design articles, and resources
CSS links from About.com: Large collection of links to articles (beginning and advanced), validators, tutorials, etc; Worth browsing!; Includes link to CSS2 properties.
Sidebars on CSS etc. for developers: These tools disappeared from Netscape's DevEdge site, and Mozilla has brought them back into its archives; The archives also have their CSS Central
CSS Validator: From w3c
SelectOracle: Tells you what a complex selector does
Site for Eric Meyer, the great guru of CSS: He wrote the books on CSS (or at least two of the best).; You can also subscribe to the CSS-discuss mailing list. (Click on the 'Subscribe' tag.)
CSS Zen Garden: This is the most amazing site of examples of what you can do with CSS.; One page is transformed by over 900 style sheets. (Check the archives.); These are all done by professional graphic artists – but we can all admire them.; They also have an excellent list of resources.; Daily Fun is similar to Zen Garden – i.e. many stylesheets for one page,; but I like the ZenGarden better.
Another amazing list of CSS resources is at Holy CSS Zeldman!: In addition to many CSS links, there are also links on JavaScript and AJAX.; It seems to be that you can find everything here – tutorials, books, sites,; Galleries at other sites (e.g. CSS Zen Garden, hints, etc.
CSS Princess: Sites about or designed by women.Some are less than fascinating.
CSS Reference table from www.htmlhelp.com: Only CSS1, but a good clear place for a beginner to start; From htmlhelp.com; Other links from that site are available, including CSSCheckup, to check four CSS (1),; A short tutorial on how to link style designations to your html page and; other web authoring tools (some dated – e.g. validate HTML but not XHTML),; and links to specs and FAQs.
www.friendlybit.com: has many articles on CSS, HTML and JavaScript,; including a Beginner's Guide to CSS, and some simple templates .
Advanced CSS Resources: Lots of good information, including properties, a clear explanation of the cascade, and tables on browser support.; You made need toclick thru lots of pages to get to what you want.
CSS Vista: Tool to edit your CSS in IE and Firefox at the same time.; Demo tool is free.
CSS Tools: Links to a variety of CSS tools and galleries; Since 6/06 this has been put on a wiki, with many CSS items tagged.
CSS Documentation and articles: Many topics and useful resources. Covers CSS1 and CSS2.
A trick/tool for debugging CSS
Examples of well-designed sites and CSS Resources: Many classic resources are here - e.g. CSS Zen Garden, w3c, etc. and many template galleries
New York Public Library Style Guide
CSS Pointers Authoring Tools: Also has information about browsers and XSL tools.
Codestyle.org: A site for developers.; Be sure to check out their XHTML page too, as its FAQs include CSS questions.

Sample layouts:

Layouts for 1, 2, 3, or 4 columns using CSS: Over 50 layouts. Choose the number of columns you want, then the partcular layout, and then download the code.
Templates for lists from Max Designs: Builds the layouts step-bt-step, tutorial style
Layouts from Eric Costello at glish.com: A half dozen classic layouts with code, and links to articles
Layout Gala: 40 different layouts you can dowload individually or all zipped together.; Also links to articles on using negative margins and other techniques.
Free templates: A dozen elegant designs you can dowload
Simple templates from Friendlybit: Well, maybe not so simple
CSS Layouts: On-going blog about types of layouts, problems and hacks. Not elementary.
A few basic layouts with explanations: From the always elegant CSS Play
Searchable repository of layouts: Fill in form on number of columns you want, if you want a header or not etc. and template is returned.; Very useful
pMachines templates: Half a dozen basic templates. Display un-styled in older browsers
CSS Showcase: Gallery of very professional looking menus, tabs and layouts; also articles
CSS Drive: Reviewed and unreviewed designs. You need to work a bit to ge to the code.

CSS in Different Browsers:

Table showing which browser support which CSS features: Very useful
What browsers support in CSS and how to Displaying Stylesheets Dynamically: What browsers support what features and links on work-arounds for older browsers
Hacks for various browsers and CSS: This enormous list of hacks also has (near the top of the page) links to sites which summarize hacks.; It also lists various specific (recent) hacks with their effects and the browsers they target.; This wiki is maintained by CSS-discuss.
The Box Model Hack: One of the oldest and most famous hacks.; Links to Brain Jar's clear explanation, and others.
IE7 and CSS2: Of course, Microsoft didn't go with the standard immediately.
CSS in Differet Browsers: Long article (current as of 2006) discussing the issue.; No tabular summary, but links to those for current browsers at Webdevout and for 2003 and older browsers at Blooberry
Devout.net: Browser support for CSS and CSS hacks
Fonts commonly found in various browser: Useful chart - so your choices are more likely to not defualt to the browser's choices
Survey of font usage by broswer: Another useful source; See also their summary.
Equivalent fonts for PCs and Macs: Nice chart makes it easy to choose

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JavaScript

Documentation for JavaScript

Mozilla's resources for JavaScript: Not for beginners.
Mozilla's Core JavaScript 1.5 Guide: Description of the language (if you already know it.)
Mozilla's Core JavaScript 1.5 Reference: Contains information about what is implemented in various versions.; Also contains information about LiveConnect, the way to link Java and JavaScript code.
Changes from JavaScript 1.5 to 1.6
Access page for all Mozilla's documentation, forums and articles on JavaScript
The w3c documentation for the DOM
The DOM model: From JavaScript Kit
Reference on JavaScript: From JavaScript Kit
w3c on DOM
Documentation for ECMA (basis for JavaScript)
Documentation (Guides and References for 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5): Documentation for JavaScript 1.3 - 1.5 with information on changes from earlier versions.; Links to both the Guide and the Reference Manual
Date object: Documentation on the date object, including constructors and methods.; From here you may actually reach all the documentation on JS

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Tutorials and Articles for JavaScript

General Tutorials:

HTML Goodies' series of tutorials on JavaScript: First the $#39;Primers' and then the 'Basics' (which go thru AJAX)
Mozilla's �Reintroduction to JavaScript: Friendlier than Mozilla's documentation
Articles on JavaScript: From Mozilla's forums
Javascript tutorial from w3school.com: Always a good place to start
Tutorials and articles from WebReference: Many tutorials from 'JavaScript for non-programmers' to AJAX.(Columns 12-15 inclusive); Excellent resource; includes links to Mozilla pages just above and other collections.; Be sure to check out the collections and the archives.; Some tutorials older - e.g. JavaScript for Programmers from WDVL
Short Description of JavaScript for students who have programmed in C++ or Java: Older, but very useful and to the point
Tutorials and scripts from JavaScript Weenie;: Intermediate level and useful
Tutorials and references from U. Minn- Duluth: Enormous list of tutorials and articles from the generl to the specific.; Includes some links to book excerpts; Regretably, no description of the links
Tutorials from WebMonkey: Clear but somewhat dated. (Browser detection is now usually not needed.)
Tutorial on Functions and Classes: Other tutorials on this site too.
Tutorials from WebKnowHow: About 20 tutorials, mostly for the beginner
Builder's JavaScript QuickStart Tool: Tutorial
Navigation and JavaScript: Fancy footwork for lists of links
Programmer How-To's

Articles on Specific Topics (not advanced)

Focus on forms: The focus() and blur() methods
Local vs. Global Variables: Clearly described; from mredkj.com
Other interesting examples: e.g. to change tables, validate forms, etc.; also from mredjk.com; From Mozilla's Core JavaScript 1.5 Guide; Passing variables between pages in JavaScript
Beginning HTML at HTML Goodies: Tutorial and code (next URL) for creating a ticker tape in JavaScript
Global and Local: Global and local variables - from Tucows; elementary but reliable
JavaScript Source: Free JavaScripts, Tutorials, Example Code, Reference, Resources,: This site has tutorials, public scripts, book reviews, etc.
JavaScript.com - The Definitive JavaScript Resource: JavaScript Tutorials and Free Java Scripts: Tutorials and fancy scripts. Pretty good.
Programmer: JavaScript Intermediate Tutorial: Image Swapping: Tutorial on image swapping with links to related (and less related) topics.
JavaScriptWeenie: An older site with many articles, tutorials, most of which are relevant for older browsers.
Time in JavaScript: Goodies to Go newsletter show you how to set timeouts, etc.

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Articles on Specific Topics (Advanced)
DOM, DHTML, the Event Model, Cookies, etc.

The JavaScript Event Model - advanced: From WebMonkey. Tells you all you could ever want to know (and maybe more) about event handler models.; Although the article is from Jan 2005, there is a lot of time devoted to Netscape Navigator 4 and IE 4 - hopefully for only a little while longer.
Exception Handling in JavaScript: Advanced. Includes information about browser incompatibilities
The w3c documentation for the DOM
What is the DOM?: Clear explanation from Mozilla
Fetching Remote Data (in XML) from a Server with DOM - advanced
Preloading Images with DOM - advanced
Articles on JavaScript from Builder.com - many advanced
Properly using CSS and Scripts with XHTML: With ex amples
The DOM
From DHTML to DOM,: Why you should switch. There is also Part 2
Dynamic Drive DHTML Scripts- Preload Image (with progress bar) Script: Pre-loading images for swapping
Dynamic Drive DHTML(dynamic html) & JavaScript code library!: Huge site with DHTML scripts for dazzling effects
Dynamic Drive DHTML(dynamic html) & JavaScript code library!: Links to many code warriors and sites on dynamic HTML. Searchable but not organized.
Dynamic HTML...Are You Ready to Step Up to the Plate? Part I
The JavaScritp Event Model - part 1 and part 2: 2004 articles from WebMonkey. Stick to the w3c Event Model
Cookies: What they are and how to set them: From the Department of Energy
What Cookies are and how they work: From HowStuffWorks; Be sure to see next page too.
DevGuru tutorials: Very advanced - e.g. interfacing JavaScript with .ASP
Case Study of how Mozilla redisigned its site: Shows both pure CSS and hybrid CSS/JavaScrtp approaches; Older and sophisticated but still worthwhile

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Links and Resources for JavaScript

Debugging

Description of JavaScript debugging tools: For all browsers
Mozilla's tools: Including:; Mozilla site to get Venkman add-on; News and further information; Also, updates on the Venkman project are available.
Using the JavaScript Console: Good introduction from WebMonkey.
Tutorial on Venkman from WebReference
Tutorial on Venkman and list of resources on it: Looks very valuable.
Another tutorial on Venkman
A freeware debugger from Hot Scripts
The Freshmeat debugger
Microsoft's Script Debugger
JavaScript Trace Window (uses GreaseMonkey in Firefox)
JSLint: Looks for problems in JavaScript pages; Check out the documentation first. This is from 2002.

Other - especially sources of scripts
These sites have many useful tools and scripts

SiteExperts.com - Your Community of Site Experts: Another community of web developers
Experts Exchange - another community
Code Library of JavaScript functions from WebMonkey
Dev articles on JavaScript: Enormous compendium of articles, many advanced
Scripts may be found here too, by category.
How to Embed a JavaScript Engine in Your Applications: This is SpiderMonkey and it is available from Mozilla
JavaScript.com: Free scripts - some a bit cutesy; free newsletter
Mozilla's tools: Mozilla has a large amount of information and tools, including the debuggers, etc.; Their DOM Central links to many tutorials, reference guides, demos, tools etc.; (Even the old DOM Sidebar tabs); Also Sidebars for CSS, JavaScript and XSLT; Mozilla's DOM Inspector
SourceForge Projects on Text Editors: SourceForge material is all open source. FCKEditor is here, for example
BrainJar: This is the site that brought you their DOM viewer; tutorials and tools
The DOM Viewer: View the DOM of a page with this utility from BrainJar.com
DevGuru Reference: Bore down through the menus to get a clear explanation of various elements of JavaScript
DoJo - Open Source JavaScript toolkit: For web developers - supports animation, AJAX and other high end technologies.
MochKit: Library of functions for working with the DOM and AJAX; There is a Google Group on Mochikit
comp.lang.javascript: Google group still going strong
DynamicDrive: Tools and scripts and links; focus on DHTML; Threads and posts on their forums number in the thousands; Good place to look for answers when nothing else helps
JavaScriptKit: Tools, tutorials, scripts; quite up-to-date, including material on AJAX etc.
JavaScript.internet.com: Large repository of scritps, tutorials, etc. Check out the FAQs first; Links to Web Reference, XML.files, and WDVL (Web Developer's Virtual Library); Now includes an AJAX tutorial
Scripts.com's JavaScript scripts repository: Enormous repository of JavaScrpts scripts organizaed by type, also searchable.; Scripts are rated by users. Most are free.
DHTMLShock: scripts with a focus on DHTML
Cross-browser: Scripts and articles on cross-broswer JS and DHTML using the DOM
Builder.com articles on JavaScript: Not organized, but is searchable. Many quite advanced
Web Reference on JavaScript: Searchable archive of articles and tutorials from elementary to advanced intermediate
AListApart articles on scripting: Focus is on implementing a smooth professional appearance
Moo.fx for special effects in JavaScript
Graph-it from raw data in JavaScript
Protoype library of JS, including AJAX functions: The overview is a good place to start.; The latest version is also open source; An introduction is also helpful; Protoype Documentation is also available at script.aculo.us
The site for the Moncur JavaScript text.
WebStandards.org: A self-described grass-roots organization trying to advocate for Web standards which ensure accessibility
WebDeveloper: Hosts many forums, including one on JavaScript; Also has a searchable archive of articles on JavaScript which returns too many irrelevant articles
JavaScriptCity: Tutorials, references etc. Appears to be geared toward the novice
Sitepoint has a forum with many useful links, as do the publishers WROX (programmer 2programmer): and APress,; CodingForum,; and Tek-Tips.
Evolt: Also maintains a list.
Yahoo maintains links to similar sites: and a Developer Network.; My experience is that similar Yahoo lists have a goodly part of the top resources.
The FAQts on JavaScript: Huge site with answers to many JS questions, by subject.; Site does not work in Netscape, but does in Firefox and IE
DevShed: Large collection of articles, scripts for web developers; Selections for Python, PHP etc. are more recent than the few on JavaScript

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CGI and Server-Side Scriptting

General - Including Information on HTTP and TCP/IP

HTTP: Older (1996) but very useful explanation; well organized and probably has all you need to know and then some.
TCP/IP Resources: Great list of FAQs, tutorials, and books. Kept up to date.
Overview of TCP/IP and the Internet: Current description. Starts with the history (OK to skip) but gives all the details you need if you are not a network administrator.
Primer on TCP/IP: Older (1997), but a good place to start
Another older (1998) Primer on Internet technology
Daryl's TCP/IP Primer: Goes deeper than a primer; kept up to date.
Older (1998) course on managing servers: Classic references; good description of client-server model, http, mime types etc.
IANA: Who owns what domain name, which port is what, and what the language abbreviations are
ASPN: Resource for programmers in PERL, PHP, Python, etc. Major site.
HotScripts: Articles on scripts for many languages and technologies - Perl, PHP, Python, JavaScript, XML
WDVL: Table of Contents on Web Programming: Tutorial on server-side programming and sending info from HTML forms. Excellent introduction.; Definitely the place to start
WDVL: Request Headers: What's in an http header
The Problem of Statelessness
Validating user sessions in PHP: Good introduction to the problem of statelessness; php implementation of solutions
Matt's HTTP Cookie Library: And his CGI resource of thousands of CGI scripts - mostly in Perl

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CGI, including Regular Expressions - see also Perl folder

What is CGI?: Elementary introduction
CGI Scripts - Writing and Using CGI: CGI tutorial
The Common Gateway Interface (CGI): What is CGI?
CGI Tutorial: Good introduction to CGI, environment variables, etc.
Easy introduction to CGI
WDVL: What the heck is server-side scripting anyway?: Excellent introduction to what CGI is and why it's needed.; This is part of the WDVL site on Web Programming
WDVL: Table of Contents: Excellent introductory tutorial on server-side scripting. Includes:; WDVL: The GET Method; How GET assembles a request, so the HTTP request can be isolated and CGI can isolate the search parameters and their values; WDVL: Problems With the GET Method; WDVL: Request Headers; What's in an http header; WDVL: Sending Text to the Web Browser; The content-type line; The Post Method; Specifying POST and to what CGI script; WDVL: The <Form> Tag and its elements; WDVL: File Upload Widget; What happens when you click on "submit"
Web Development Primer: Elementary introduction to the technologies you find server-side (ASP, Perl, PHP etc.)
When mailto: doesn't work, such as in I.E. 6+: Presents work-arounds, but it is easier to 'post' or 'get' to a script; You can also find out what used to work
The next set of papers is from About.com's site:: Table of Contents on CGI articles; Using Forms and CGI; And a sample PERL script to parse the data and send a thank you; Installing a Guestbook; HTML Forms Tutorial - Method, Mailto Forms, and Multiple Pages; GET - About Perl & PHP Glossary; POST - About Perl & PHP Glossary; Reading CGI Data From Perl Scripts; Using GET and POST methods with Perl scripts; Decoding CGI form data in Perl scripts
Free CGIs; About.com: http://www.cgi-resources.com/; Links to very many CGI, PERL and CGI scripts
CGI Tutorials from HTML Goodies: Very well written tutorials, but maybe dated.
WebKnowHow's Tutorials, articles, scripts and books on CGI: Many (unsorted) links, many to old sites.
Webliography on CGI, Perl, etc.: Great list of links, even though many are to older articles
Gentle Introduction to CGI: Also has many links to books and on-line resources. Updated in 2004
w3c.org Introduction to CGI (older): Other information from w3c about standards also available.
Form validation - Goodies to Go! Newsletter #290: Validating a form before sending it to a cgi script - mainly to be sure all fields are filled in.; Tutorial on chmod, in case you've forgotten
There are many sources of tutorials on regular expressions. Although some lean towards one language, regular expressions are pretty much the same from one lanugage to another.: Tutorial on regular expressions; Library of Regular Expressions; Regular expressions in JavaScript; Has a regular expression finder; Regular expressions tutorial; From a Python book;rather telegraphic; How to use regular expressions; The Perl 30-minute Regulr Expressions Tutorial; Regex tutorial and its continutation using Perl.; Advanced (Perl) Regex tutorials - Part I and Part 2; and documentation; PHP and regex tutorial; How to do Regex in Python; Regular-expressions; Language neutral, but not elementary. Links to books.; Regular expressions and .Net; Regular expressions syntac summary; Any subtle differences among languages and Unix variants.; Tutorial on Regular Expressions in Perl; Looks very complete. From PerlDoc; Documentation on Regular Expressions in Perl; Regular Expressions; Fast and dirty reminder about regular expressions; Goes with the above tutorial.
Why learn CGI?: From the people (O'Reilly) who publish a book on the subject - includes kind words about their own (excellent) book
CGI-LIB.pl homepage: Library of CGI scripts in Perl; Also directly accesible at Berkely; Includes documentation, source files, examples, etc.
CGI Library in Perl: documentation: Older version also also avaible
Tutorial on Server-side includes: Older (1995 article, last updated in 2002)but author says basic principles still apply
Links to many resources of Server-side includes: Including tutorials
More links to article and tutorials on server-side includes
CGI articles from HTML Goodies: Includes codes for a guest book and for counters
cg-eye: Diagnostic tool for CGI scripts from WDG
Which Scripting and Programming Languages are People Searching about?: Monthly survey on queries about Perl, PHP, JavaScript, Java etc.

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Perl - see also CGI folder

Downloading PERL - ActivePerl (free )and mod_perl

You want to write your scripts in Active Perl; mod_perl is the Perl interpreter which comes free with your Apache web server

ActiveState - ActiveState products open source programming languages tools: Download site for ActivePerl
ActivePerl User Guide: In table of contents, look for "Getting Started" to see how run example.pl; Also open it in Notepad
ActivePerl Help - Online Docs : Getting Started
ActivePerl Help - Online Docs : ActivePerl FAQ: ActiveState also has PHP, Python and XSLT products
mod_perl: everything you need to know
Sourceforge.net also has Perl IDEs etc.

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PERL Documentation, Tutorials and Resources

Perl.com: The Source for Perl - perl development, perl conferences: Articles etc for serious PERL programmers from the O'Reilly book folk
CPAN: Where to find MODULES to add many useful functions to your Perl - e.g. the standard module, oraperl (for Oracle databases) etc.
Installing CPAN Modules
About.com's info on building and installing Perl modules
Tutorial on Using Modules
Google groups on Perl: This site includes several very useful groups (se links in upper left): one for Perl beginners, another on Perl modules, and another for miscellaneous Perl questions.; Can not be recommended enough. Search for key words in the Perl beginners group, for example, and then follow the whole thread (link in the upper right).
Perldoc.com - Perl Documentation: Site for documentation on core Perl; The table of contents for the manual is here too.; There is also a useful cheat sheet on Perl syntax.
CGI and Perl FAQs: In addition to the FAQs, has a great list of books and other resources.
Perl.com is maintained by O'Reilly: It has articles, case studies, and links to documentation and tutorials.
Perl 4 Manual from CMU
CGI Reources: Links to many tutorials, references, soruces of scripts
Picking up Perl: Easy to use reference. More complete than elementary tutorials.
CGI and Perl Tutroial: Another easy place to start, especially if you want all the facts quickly.
HotScripts: Articles on scripts for many languages and technologies - Perl, PHP, Python, JavaScript, XML
learn.perl.org: The site for people learning Perl.: Good listing of current books at all levels
ASPN: Resource for programmers in PERL, PHP, Python, etc. Major site.
ActiveState -: Build a custom installation of Perl and check system requirements - see warning on RedHat Linux v8
Picking up Perl: A free tutorial. Elementary to intermediate.
'The weekend crash course' is available through Books 24x7: e.g. at many university libraries or if you are a memeber of ACM.
Beginning Perl Tutorial: Great place to start. From pageresource
Perl tutorial: Older, but still a good introduction.
http://htmlgoodies.earthweb.com/primers/perl/: Perl primers from HTML Goodies
Tizag Tutorial on Perl: Another fine place to begin learning Perl, even though they think that decimals aren't 'real numbers'.; Has information on interfacing with databases, too, and chomp
Webmonkey tutorials on Perl, CGI, etc.
Google Help Group on Perl etc: Excellent resource
Perl Tutorial from Perl.com, the O'Reilly site
DevShed Perl Tutorials, Scripts, etc.
HotScripts: Articles on scripts for many languages and technologies - Perl, PHP, Python, JavaScript, XML
Perl Monks has many tutorials: These range from the elementary to the advanced.; The useful site is very large, and, newbies will find it be easier to start with one of the places above (e.g. from pagereource.com).
Fetching parameters in Perl: or try here.
For tutorials on regular expressions please see the CGI section.
Everything you ever wanted to know about perl's module cgi.pm: From Lincoln Stein, who wrote the cgi module
CGI Module for Perl documentation: New site for this!
About.com reources on Perl
Downloading and installing additional Perl modules: This is the Mother of Perl site - some quite advanced
Database programming with Perl
Perl and MySQL
Interfacing MySQL with Perl: O'Reilly book chapter
Down the Perl/DBI module to interface with MySQL
Perl libraries for www interactions - e.g. HTTP etc.
FreeBSD on accessing a database from Perl
Tutorial on Perl MySQL functions: This is from thscripts.com, where you may also post questions to the developer community for various scripting languages and databases.
Scripts for Perl and RSS: Also Perl tutorials
Parsing XML documents with Perl's XML::Simple: PERL module which has an XML parser (written in PERL)
Tutorial on Using Perl etc. to write software for genome research: Includes such topics as subroutines and @_ and interfacing with databases as well as a good list of books

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Perl Examples, Scripts, Hints

Matt's HTTP Cookie Library: And his CGI resource of thousands of CGI scripts - mostly in Perl; Read me on using archives.
Decoding CGI form data in Perl scripts
Reading CGI Data From Perl Scripts
A Perl script that reads and parses CGI data
Matt's Script Archive, Inc. :: Free Perl CGI Scripts: Links for free scripts
Scripts.com has many Perl, PHP, ASP and JavaScript scripts
Open The Crypt / Joe's Free CGI Scripts From The Crypt / www.getcruising.com: More free scripts
Perl Meets Bio-informatics: From O'Reilly - perhaps because they've published a book on this topic
Perl Scripts and Modules: From About.com. Not as complete as CPAN
Scripts for Perl and RSS: Also Perl tutorials; This is the Mother of Perl site - some quite advanced
Template Toolkit for template procesing
Perl and XML: How to embed XML in an HTML Page
To edit all scripts with one line of Perl

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PHP

Implementing Patterns within PHP
PHP -Entry Point - Lesson One: Elementary tutorial on PHP, with some info on pro's and con's; links to to various PHP sites
What can PHP do?: Commentary from the PHP folks
PHP Tutorial: From About - a start
PHP: Introduction - Manual
PHP Tutorial - from its makers
PHP tutorial from w3schools
Extract XML document statistics with PHP: Using PHP to extract stats about XML documents.
HTML Goodies: Free HTML, CSS, PHP tutorials and help, images, color codes and more for the web developer: PHP Tutorial
Google help group on PHP installation etc.
Apache guide to installing and configuring PHP with Apache
Zend makes PHP interpreters, etc
The main PHP site: Home site for php, including documentation, download of php processor, and tutorial
Firepages: Large site with downloads for PHP development, forums, etc.
Working with PHP datatypes: Short tutorial
Validating user sessions in PHP
Tips of Debugging in PHP
Implementing Design Patterns in PHP
PHP Projects at SourceForege
DevX Resources and Script in PHP: Well categorized, but many have very few scripts
DevPlug is a PHP Developer's Forum

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Python

Whetting Your Appetite: Python tutorial
What is Python: Also follow the links on the right hand side
More on why Python: From the horse's mouth
Tutorial on Python from Developer.com
How to do regular expressions in Python: Be sure to also check the general references on regular expressions in the CGI section.

And More

ASP Tutorial: from w3schools - usually excellent introduction
ASP Tutorial: from HTML Goodies - usually excellent intro; may be dated
Implement a flexible shopping cart with XML and ASP
DevEdge Netscape Sidebar Tabs
ASPN: Resource for programmers in PERL, PHP, Python, etc. Major site.

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Web Services

Web Services - general information; what is SOA, etc.

Collaxa, and Grand Central. These sites have lots of information – e.g. tutorials

Web Servers

Apache

Web Services - Other General Information

Tutorial on server-side programming and sending info from HTML forms. Excellent intro.

Collaxa, and Grand Central. These sites have lots of information – e.g. tutorials

He first is no quality of service (QOS) warranties. There are other issues, too.

This site, which includes the next few links, focuses on web services architecture.

                 The interaction of eBXML and WebServices
     Introduction to eBXML
                         Good introduction; follow the links at the bottom to further pages.

XML, XPath, XLST etc

XML

XML Articles, documentation and tutorials

Includes description of the many working groups and links to them, to various languages
specifications and versions, and to many other resources.

             Homepage
XML Specs
            from w3c.org
XML Namespaces
           from w3c.org

Many tutorials - XML, SOAP, XSLT, etc and also links to XML parsers. Great site.

Microsoft's XML developer center, including articles, from intro to high level, and links

            Collection of on-line reference material on SGML/XML languages and various standards.
             For the knowledgeable (except possiblby the news stories).
            News items are listed in the Cover Story

Canonical form standardizes possible equivalent renditions of XML to one (canonical) form;
this is important for checking digital signatures, etc.

In addition to the subject in the title, there is a link to Ogbuji's Thinking XML columns on

XML discusses XHTML

XMLSpy

Documentation and a brief tutorial are also available here, or a 30-trial of the Enterprise Edition.

XML Other Parsers

Xerces is the free XML parser from Apache; does not support certain features of XML per Apache in June 2004

XSL / XSLT including XPath

XSL/XSLT and XPath - Articles, documentation and tutorials

There is a large list of links to specs on all these languages, mailing lists, and software.
A great starting place for these technologies.

XPath data model and how it works, with links to info on infosets. Not for beginners

The primary purpose of XPath is to address parts of an XML document. XPath uses a compact, non-XML syntax to facilitate use of XPath within URIs and XML attribute values. XPath gets its name from its use of a path notation as in URLs for navigating through the hierarchical structure of an XML document.

XML and Security
Trusting and verifying
         which comes first
W3c has many resources
WS-Security is the specification for web services security
          This is from OASIS
XAMCL stands for eXtensible Access Mark-up Control Language
           This is Sun's implementation and programmer's guide
SAML is one standard for secure web services
         from w3.org, of course.
         SAML stands for Security Assertion Mark-up Language

Encryption and XML

Specific extended MLs - MathML etc and also RDF and RSS
        Note: This is more or less business extensions first,
                    then scientific and security and miscellaneous,
                    then RDF and RSS, the AJAX

A good introduction to eBXML, XBRL, FIXML, MDDL, FpML,
and assorted standards groups for this industry.

What is eBXML? (hint: e is electronic and B is for Business) Follow links at bottom for series of articles - food series.

XBRL (eXtended Business Reporting Language) must be used by banks and other public companies (per Sarbanes-Oxley Law) to consolidate units when they report their financial results; will also migrate to internal reports.

Uses XML to define a vocabulary for common business forms, such as purchase orders etc.

RDF - or Resource Description Framework - is a resource for describing catalogs:

RSS - or Really Simple Syndication - is how an XML feed is used for blogging

RSS monitors (new) content on sites and feeds it to subscribers. May also be used for on-going education.

This area is still changing – suggest you search the w3.org site for these two extensions.

Bookmarks for IT 320

Web Technologies

Course Syllabus

Last Updated 10/28/06

Table of Contents

IT 320 Bookmarks

General Tools

Tools for Many IT320 Topics

IT in general - not course specific

FTP Utilities

UNIX/LINUX

Search Engines and Getting Found

Other IT Tools

Tech News Sources

Tools for Accessibility - e.g. for color-blind and low-vision users

Other IT Tools and Resources

Miscellaneous Tools- not IT related

HTML and XHTML, including CSS

XHTML/HTML

Documentation for HTML and XHTML

Tutorials and Articles for HTML and XHTML

Links and Resources for HTML and XHTML

Validators, HTML Tidy and the connections between HTML and XHTML

XHTML Editors

Link Checkers

Browsers including issues on standards compliance

Other XHTML Links and Resources

Issue in Site and Page Design

Information on Color and Graphics

Page Design - Including Usability

Site Design

CSS or Cascading Style Sheets

Documentation for CSS etc.

Tutorials & Articles for CSS

Links and Resources for CSS - Including Sample Layout Sources and Browser-Specific Hacks

JavaScript

JavaScript

Documentation for JavaScript

Tutorials and Articles for JavaScript

General Tutorials:

Articles on Specific Topics (Advanced) DOM, DHTML, the Event Model, Cookies, etc.

Links and Resources for JavaScript

Debugging

Other - especially sources of scripts These sites have many useful tools and scripts

CGI and Server-Side Scriptting

General - Including Information on HTTP and TCP/IP

CGI, including Regular Expressions - see also Perl folder

Perl - see also CGI folder

Downloading PERL - ActivePerl (free )and mod_perl

You want to write your scripts in Active Perl; mod_perl is the Perl interpreter which comes free with your Apache web server

PERL Documentation, Tutorials and Resources

Perl Examples, Scripts, Hints

PHP

Python

And More

Web Services

Web Services - general information; what is SOA, etc.

Web Servers

Apache

Web Services - Other General Information

XML, XPath, XLST etc

XML

XML Articles, documentation and tutorials

XML discusses XHTML

XMLSpy

XML Other Parsers

XSL / XSLT including XPath

XSL/XSLT and XPath - Articles, documentation and tutorials

Encryption and XML

Specific extended MLs - MathML etc and also RDF and RSS Note: This is more or less business extensions first, then scientific and security and miscellaneous, then RDF and RSS, the AJAX

to Table of Contents

Amazon Web Services

Articles on Specific Topics (Advanced)
DOM, DHTML, the Event Model, Cookies, etc.

Other - especially sources of scripts
These sites have many useful tools and scripts

Specific extended MLs - MathML etc and also RDF and RSS
Note: This is more or less business extensions first,
then scientific and security and miscellaneous,
then RDF and RSS, the AJAX