1.Performance Library Manuals and Procedures

Byrne, Frank P., Jr. A Practical Guide to the Music Library: Its Function, Organization and Maintenance. Cleveland, Ohio: Ludwig Music, 1987.

A detailed manual with information on classification and cataloging, authority work, music care, repair, and archival considerations. The twenty-three appendixes include reproducible inventory sheets.

________ . "What's in a name?" BD Guide 8, no. 1 (September - October 1993): 6 - 7.

Suggestions for developing composer-title authority in your ensemble's library catalog.

Dougan, Kirstin. A Guide to the Orchestra Library. Madison, Wis.: the author (1822 Northgate Street, Durham, NC 27704), 1998.

Intended for the community or university orchestra librarian, the book gives an overview of basic library practices, including procuring music, preparing parts, cataloging, and record keeping.

Gittinger, Marcia. "Commissions & consortiums: working together." Progressions [American Symphony Orchestra League] 3, no. 2 (January 1992): 4.

The third of four articles by the librarian of the National Symphony Orchestra. This discusses orchestra administrations and their handling of composer commissions and composition consortium agreements. Available online at http://mola-inc.org/PressRoom/Progressions3.pdf.

Gittinger, Marcia. "Do you know where your license is?" Progressions [American Symphony Orchestra League] 3, no. 1 (October 1991): 3 - 4.

The second article in the series discusses copyright and performing rights, giving an overview of the law and the function of ASCAP and BMI. Available online at http://mola-inc.org/PressRoom/Progressions2.pdf.

Gittinger, Marcia. "Questions and answers from an orchestra librarian." Progressions [American Symphony Orchestra League] 3, no. 3 (April 1992): 3

The final article in the series answers common questions about bowing, photocopying, copyright, and the profession of orchestral librarianship. Available online at http://mola-inc.org/PressRoom/Progressions4.pdf.

Intravaia, Lawrence J. Building a Superior School Band Library. West Nyack, N.Y.: Parker Publishing, 1972.

Written primarily for the school band director, it includes many chapters on the selection of literature. The final three chapters discuss the mechanics of library work, based largely upon procedures used at the University of Illinois.

Kloss, Marilyn Bone. Handbook for Community Orchestra Librarians. Concord, Mass.: the author, 1999.

Provides details on budgeting, music acquisition, part preparation and tracking. Touches on copyright responsibilities and how to work with rental music.

Kownatsky, Harry L. "Performance parts and sheet music." 99 - 106 in Manual of Music Librarianship, compiled by Carol June Bradley. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Music Library Association, 1966.

The author describes his methods for maintaining sets of ensemble parts, including how to catalog, bind, mark, store, and circulate parts.

LeBlanc, Albert. Organizing the Instrumental Music Library. Evanston, Ill.: The Instrumentalist, 1974.

A basic manual "intended for student music librarians and instrumental directors" which presents the mechanics of sorting, filing, and distributing music. Includes a very brief discussion of cataloging.

Ostrove, Geraldine. "Preliminary report on the availability of rental music in libraries." Fontes Artis Musicae 31, no. 1 (January - March 1984): 45 - 48

An examination of the problems associated with renting music, including the lack of bibliographic control, poor condition of the material, and obstacles to the acquisition and perusal of the material.

Weliver, Del, and Marta Helper Drahos. "The band music library." Band 1, no. 3 (January - February 1984 - 85): 30 - 32.

A description of the performance library practices and procedures at the Interlochen Center for the Arts.

2. Career Preparation and Information

Bartolotta, David. "The miracle of performance," Marcato 6, no. 3 (February 1992): 8 - 9.

A description of the work in a ballet company library, from the former librarian of the San Francisco Ballet. Available online at http://www.mola-inc.org/Marcato/marcato_back_issues.html.

"Behind the scenes: A roundtable." Harmony no. 9 (October 1999): 61 - 71.

A five-way interview organized by the Symphony Orchestra Institute with orchestra librarians Marcia Farabee (National Symphony), Margo Hodgson (Winnipeg Symphony), Karen Schnackenberg (Dallas Symphony), Larry Tarlow (New York Philharmonic), and Ron Whitaker (Cleveland Orchestra). They discuss the requirements and procedures of the job and the function of the library within the orchestra structure. Available online at http://www.soi.org/harmony/archive/9/Behind_Scenes_SOI.pdf.

Burlingame, Marshall. "Concert production's new ally: a computer learns the score." Symphony Magazine 34, no. 1 (February - March 1983): 11 - 13.

The author identifies the numerous bits of repertoire, performance, and non-musical information that can be gathered into a database for use by orchestra librarians, conductors, and personnel managers. This article prefaced the introduction of the OLIS computer software application. Available online at http://www.mola-inc.org/PressRoom/indexnew.html (search for "new ally". Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader).

________ . "Staging an orchestra concert." MadAminA [Music Associates of America] 4, no. 1 (Spring 1983): 13 - 15

An overview of the many processes and behind-the-scenes activities in preparing a performance, presented from the point of view of the library, the personnel manager, and the music director.

Davies, John Howard. "The contribution of radio music libraries to national and international musical life." International Congress of Libraries and Documentation Centres, Brussles, 1955. Reprint, Fontes artis musicae 3 (1956): 62 - 67, and Reader in Music Librarianship, Carol June Bradley, editor. Washington, D.C.: Microcard Editions Books, 1973, 67 - 71.

The broadcast radio library is described as a resource of unique and historical musical materials and can help bridge the gap between scholarship and performance.

Gittinger, Marcia. "Getting the most from your orchestra librarian." Progressions [American Symphony Orchestra League] 2, no. 4 (August 1991): 3

The librarian of the National Symphony Orchestra discusses the responsibilities of the orchestra librarian, their importance to the organization, and includes a list of equipment necessary for the library. Available online at http://www.mola-inc.org/PressRoom/indexnew.html. (Search page for "getting the most". Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader)

Gottlieb, Jane. "Reference service for performing musicians: Understanding and meeting their needs." The Reference Librarian no. 47 (1994): 47 - 49

Suggestions of reference materials, focusing on scholarly editions, urtext editions, and sources for contextual and background research.

Grande, John. "Description of Opera Library Work," Marcato 4, no. 4 (May 1990): 3.

An overview of library work in a major opera company, by the former chief librarian of the Metropolitan Opera. Available online at http://www.mola-inc.org/Marcato/marcato_back_issues.html.

Holmes, Andrew S. "Classification of the Performance Librarian Within the Orchestra." BA thesis paper. Madison, N.J.: Drew University, 1998.

A study of the musical and administrative duties of a performance librarian with an overview of other responsibilities of the job. Also examines the librarian's position within the orchestra's administrative structure.

Leahy, Terry. "Orchestra Library Work in London." Marcato 8, no. 1 (September 1993): 5.

An outline of the librarian's schedule and responsibilities with London orchestras, by the librarian of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. Available online at http://www.mola-inc.org/Marcato/marcato_back_issues.html.

Major Orchestra Librarians' Association. "The Orchestra Librarian, A Career Introduction." Philadelphia, Pa.: Major Orchestra Librarians' Association, 1992.

A brief introduction to the various roles performance librarians play in the areas of orchestra, opera, and ballet music and to the training of performance librarians. Available online at http://www.mola-inc.org/orchlib.html.

"Many hats behind the music: for librarians, it's a constant work in progress." International Musician 101, no. 2 (August 2002): 13.

A typical day in the life Ann Argodale, orchestra librarian of the Virginia Symphony. Available online at http://www.mola-inc.org/PressRoom/indexnew.html. (Search for "argodale". Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader.)

Petersen, Helge. "The training of the music librarian." Fontes artis musicae 11 (1964): 55 - 57. Reprint, Reader in Music Librarianship, Carol June Bradley, editor. Washington, D.C.: Microcard Editions Books, 1973, 65 - 66.

An evaluation of the qualities and abilities needed by radio music librarians, who handle performance materials for broadcast orchestras.

Schnackenberg, Karen. "The orchestra librarian." International Musician 91, no. 1 (July 1992): 18.

A description of the "endless string of details" an orchestra librarian is responsible for in the course of their job duties.

________ . "Orchestra Librarians keep up in the digital age." International Musician 101, no. 1 (July 2002): 9.

A summary of activities at the 20th annual MOLA conference. Available online at http://mola-inc.org/PressRoom/IntMusician_July02.pdf.

________ . "Those pesky librarians." International Musician 93, no. 2 (August 1994): 18-19

A summary of activities at the 12th annual MOLA conference. Available online at http://mola-inc.org/PressRoom/PeskyLibrarians.pdf.

________ . "Walking in Two Worlds: A Librarian's Perspective." Harmony no. 16 (October 2003): 123 - 131.

A perspective on the librarian's responsibilities to both the musicians and the administration. Available online at http://www.soi.org/harmony/archive/16/Librarian_Schnackenberg.pdf.

Verdino-Süllwold, Carla Maria. "Score Keeper." Opera News 56, no. 4 (October 1991): 28, 30.

An interview with former Metropolitan Opera chief librarian John Grande. He describes his professional background and his responsibilities as Met librarian.

ACQUISITIONS

1.Bibliographies of Music

A. Orchestra

American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers. ASCAP Symphonic Catalog. 3rd ed. New York: R. R. Bowker, 1977. Supplement, 1981.

A catalog of compositions with United States performing rights held by ASCAP, listing instrumentation, publisher, and duration. The catalog is available online at http://www.ascap.com.

British Broadcasting Corporation, Central Music Library. Chamber Music Catalogue. London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1965.

________. Choral and Opera Catalogue. London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1967. 2 volumes.

________. Orchestral Catalogue. Edited by Shelia Compton. London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1982. 4 volumes.

The printed catalogs of the BBC radio music library. Although not a lending library, the catalog is a valuable reference tool listing published editions of small and large ensemble music. Classified into five categories of music, these volumes are a great value to an ensemble librarian.

Broadcast Music, Inc. BMI Symphonic Catalog. Rev. ed. New York: BMI, 1971. Supplement, 1978.

Same basic format as the ASCAP catalog, giving information for works under the jurisdiction of BMI. The catalog is available online at http://www.bmi.com.

Daniels, David. Orchestral Music: A Handbook. 3rd ed. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1996.

This is the most helpful guide for the orchestral librarian, covering the standard repertoire of orchestral music. Corrections to this edition have been printed in issues of Marcato (newsletter of the Major Orchestra Librarians' Association).

Deutschen Musikarchiv der Deutschen Bibliothek, compiler and editor. Bonner Katalog: Verzeichnis reversgebundener musikalischer Aufführungsmateriale. 4th ed. issued in print. Munich: K.G. Saur-Verlag, 2000. 7th ed. issued on CD-ROM. Munich: K. G. Saur, 2004.

The Bonner Katalog is the standard reference work listing music for which the performing rights are held or represented by German music publishers.

The Edwin A. Fleisher Collection of Orchestral Music in the Free Library of Philadelphia: A Cumulative Catalog, 1929 - 1977. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1979.

A catalog of over 4,000 pieces of orchestra music which is available on loan from the library. It is also a useful guide for locating obscure or out of print music. The catalog can be searched online at http://libwww.library.phila.gov/collections/collectionDetail.cfm?id=14.

Farish, Margaret K., editor. Orchestral Music in Print. Philadelphia, Pa.: Musicdata, 1979. Supplements 1983, 1994.

A catalog of all orchestral works in print, for sale or rent (at the time of publication), based on information supplied by publishers, of music for eleven or more players which include strings. Use the Master Index volumes to search all primary and supplementary volumes more efficiently. An online version is available by subscription from emusicquest at http://www.emusicinprint.com.

" Finding orchestral music." Cum notis variorum no. 59 (January/February 1982): 14 - 23.

A checklist of 40 bibliographies of music, arranged in four categories: bibliographies and lists, catalogs of libraries and collections, music of individual countries, and timings.

Koshgarian, Richard. American Orchestral Music: A Performance Catalog. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1992.

A catalog of mostly orchestral works by "American composers who were born within the last 100 years."

Saltonstall, Cecilia D. and Henry Saltonstall. A New Catalog of Music for Small Orchestra. Clifton, N.J.: European American Music, 1978.

A catalog of 6,380 compositions for a minimum of 10 players, a minimum of 3 string parts, and a wind section of 2 - 12 parts.

B. Band and Wind Ensemble

Clark, David Lindsey. Appraisals of Original Wind Music: A Survey and Guide. Music Reference Collection Series 77. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1999.

An examination of wind chamber music delineated into solo and small ensemble works, with descriptive analysis of significant works and lists of other repertoire at the end of each chapter.

Dvorak, Thomas L., Robert Grechesky, and Gary M. Ciepluch. Best Music for High School Band. Edited by Bob Margolis. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Manhattan Beach Music, 1993.

This "selective guide" lists significant literature for bands from grade I to grade V, with information about grade level, duration, publisher, availability of score, and instrumental ranges, in addition to a brief analysis of the piece.

Gillaspie, Jon A., Marshall Stoneham, and David Lindsey Clark. The Wind Ensemble Catalog. Music Reference Collection Series 63. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1998.

An important guide to wind music literature for 5 to 18 players, listing over 13,000 works by more than 2,400 composers and arrangers. Entries give instrumentation, location of the original material, and publication in contemporary and modern editions.

________ . Wind Ensemble Sourcebook and Bibliographical Guide. Music Reference Collection Series 55. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1997.

Essays on the "wind harmony" genre of music, with biographical details, discussions of specific works, and surveys of literature by country.

The Instrumentalist. Band Music Guide. 10th ed. Northfield, Ill.: The Instrumentalist, 1996.

A computerized list of published band music available in print.

Kreines, Joseph. Music for Concert Band: A Selective Annotated Guide to Band Literature. Tampa, Fla.: Florida Music Service, 1989.

Entries are arranged alphabetically by composer within five graded difficulty levels. Part II includes concert music with annotated entries about the work.

Rehrig, William H. The Heritage Encyclopedia of Band Music. edited by Paul E. Bierley. Westerville, Ohio: Integrity Press, 1991. Supplement, 1997.

The most extensive bibliography of music for band, it also includes biographical information and reference citations. The supplement virtually doubles the size of the initial two volumes by adding new entries or supplementing previous entries.

Renshaw, Jeffrey H. The American Wind Symphony Commissioning Project: A Descriptive Catalog of Published Edition, 1957-1991. New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.

A descriptive catalog with instrumentation, publication details, and program note information for all the published works commissioned by the Symphony. A good resource for difficult wind music, most of which is available only on a rental basis.

Wallace, David, and Eugene Corporon. Wind Ensemble / Band Repertoire. Greeley, Colo.: University of Northern Colorado, School of Music, 1984.

A list of published and unpublished band music for wind ensemble, instrumental solo and band, and voice and band. Includes many lesser know works available only in manuscript.

Whitwell, David. The History and Literature of the Wind Band and Wind Ensemble. Northridge, Calif.: Winds (Box 513, Northridge, CA 91328), 1982 - 1991.

An extensive 12 volume bibliography of literature for wind instruments, compiled by examination of primary source material in European libraries and collections. One volume examines the history of the repertoire from the Renaissance era to the 20th century while a companion volume is a catalog of compositions identifying the location of the material.

C. Opera and Choral Music

Eaton, Quaintance. Opera Production: A Handbook. Volume One: Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota Press, 1961. Reprint, New York: Da Capo, 1974. Volume Two: Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota Press, 1974.

Entries are divided into long operas and short operas with information on premieres, duration, roles, choral and orchestral forces, and the publisher of the material.

Kornick, Rebecca Hodell. Recent American Opera: A Production Guide. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.

The coverage focuses on works not included in the Eaton Opera Production manuals.In addition to production information (cast and instrumentation requirements and the source of musical materials) citations and quotes from reviews are also included.

Lubbock, Mark. The Complete Book of Light Opera. American Section by David Ewen. London: Putnam; New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1962.

Each entry contains production information, cast, synopsis by act, and musical incipits, although it doesn't always include song or aria titles. Operettas by Gilbert and Sullivan, Victor Herbert, Offenbach, Lehar, and Sousa are included, as well as some entries which could be classed as musical theater work.

Martin, Ivor. The Da Capo Opera Manual. New York: Da Capo Press, 1997.

One of the best opera resources for the performance librarian., it provides many details on opera production, including acts, sets, timings, arias, choral parts and roles, synopsis, orchestration, publisher and rights information.

Summers, W. Franklin. Operas in One Act: A Production Guide. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1997.

Most entries are for operas in English, with a smaller list of operas in English translation. Entries include production details of cast, orchestration, source of musical materials, and a synopsis of the plot.

D. Chamber Music

Cohn, Arthur. The Literature of Chamber Music. Chapel Hill, N.C.: Hinshaw Music, 1997.

A four-volume encyclopedia of chamber music repertoire. Entries are arranged by composer, then title, each including the instrumentation and a brief essay about each work. Does not give publication information.

Rangel-Ribeiro, Victor, and Robert Markel. Chamber Music: An International Guide to Works and Their Instrumentation. New York: Facts on File, 1993.

A survey of music from the pre-Baroque to 1992, arranged in a chart format to indicate which composers wrote music for chamber ensembles. Includes instrumentation, duration, and publisher information.

E. Popular Music

Bloom, Ken. American Song: The Complete Companion to Tin Pan Alley Song. New York: Schirmer Books, 2001. 2 volumes

________ . American Song: The Complete Film and Musical Companion. New York: Facts on File, 1995. 3 volumes

________ . American Song: The Complete Musical Theater Companion. New York: Facts on File, 1985. 2 volumes

A comprehensive series of books identifying and documenting American popular songs of the theater and film industry.

Popular Music. Detroit, Mich.: Gale Research, 1988 - .

A series of books examining popular music titles and trends from 1900 to the present. Published annually and also as compilation volumes: 1900 - 1919, 1920 - 1979, 1980 - 1989. Each volume includes an essay on music of the period and individual titles with composer, lyricist, artist, and publication or recording information.

1. Title and Composer References

Baker, Theodore. Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. Nicolas Slonimsky, editor emeritus, Laura Kuhn, Baker's series advisory editor. New York: Schirmer Books, 2001.

An authoritative six volume resource for names of composers and musicians. Earlier editions were published in one volume.

Berkowitz, Freda Pastor. Popular Titles and Subtitles of Musical Compositions. 2nd ed. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1975.

"A collection of?nicknames and subtitles which have become associated with works from 1600 up until the present time."

Goodenberger, Jennifer Subject Guide to Classical Instrumental Music. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1989.

208 subject headings categorize works from ca. 1600 to the present.

Hodgson, Julian. Music Titles in Translation: A Checklist of Musical Compositions. London: Clive Bingley; Hamden, CT: Linnet, 1976.

A handy cross-reference guide for classical music titles in several languages.

Kernfeld, Barry. The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. 2nd ed. New York, N.Y. : Grove's Dictionaries, 2002. Online access to this dictionary is available by subscription only at http://www.grovemusic.com/grovemusic/home/index.html.

A three volume alphabetical dictionary of jazz musicians, styles, instruments, and music.

Larkin, Colin, compiler and editor. The Encyclopedia of Popular Music. 3rd ed. London, New York: Muze, 1998.

An eight volume reference work with entries for individuals, ensembles, and styles of popular music. Originally published under the title The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music.

Pallay, Steven G., compiler. Cross Index Title Guide to Classical Music. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1987.

Lists 6000 titles by 220 composers from ca. 1600 to the present. True titles, variant titles, and uniform titles are listed under one alphabet, although straight translation of foreign titles are excluded (for example: Le nozze di Figaro = The Marriage of Figaro, is not found).

________. Cross Index Title Guide to Opera and Operetta. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1989.

Lists 5500 vocal and instrumental titles from over 1400 operas and operettas by 535 composers from ca. 1600 to the present. Non-distinctive songs, arias, or excerpts without popular or distinctive titles are not included.

Sadie, Stanley, and John Tyrrell. New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 2nd ed. New York, N.Y. : Grove's Dictionaries, 2001. Online access to this dictionary is available at http://www.grovemusic.com/grovemusic/home/index.html.

The most comprehensive music resource in the English language. The content of the online version is updated periodically, but a subscription is required for access.

2. Thematic Catalogs and Indexes

Barlow, Harold, and Sam Morgenstern. A Dictionary of Musical Themes. Rev. ed. New York: Crown, 1975.

Themes are arranged alphabetically by composer, then by title. The Index is used to identify the work by its opening notes by using Barlow's system. An title index is given at the back of the book.

Barlow, Harold, and Sam Morgenstern. A Dictionary of Opera and Song Themes, Including Cantatas, Oratorios, Lieder and Art Songs. Rev. ed. New York: Crown, 1976.

Themes are arranged alphabetically by composers, then title. Many modern opera themes are omitted (ex.: Elektra, Salome). A helpful index to song titles and first lines is given at back of book.

Brook, Barry, and Richard Viano. Thematic Catalogues in Music: An Annotated Bibliography. Stuyvesant, N.Y.: Pendragon Press, 1997.

Citations for over 1,500 thematic catalogs of composers, arranged alphabetically by name, then library location, publisher, compiler or author. Includes indexes to name, subject, title, genre, compiler, and author.

Parsons, Denys. The Directory of Tunes and Musical Themes. Cambridge, England: Spencer Brown, 1975. International ed. Lubeck, Germany: Bohmeier Verlag, 2002.

Includes classical themes as well as popular songs (movie themes, etc.) and national anthems. This thematic system is easier to use than Barlow's system (above).

Burrows, Raymond, and Bessie Carroll Redmond, compilers. Concerto Themes. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1951.

________ . Symphony Themes. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1942.

In addition to musical incipits, each entry includes publication information for scores, program note and analysis citations, discography, indexes by keys, titles, and concerto solo instrument.

3. Dictionaries and Terminology

Ammer, Christine. The A to Z of Foreign Musical Terms. Boston, Mass.: ECS Publishing, 1989.

A very handy, portable dictionary, it contains many terms common to orchestral music, is easy to use, and fits conveniently in a music case or folder.

Del Mar, Norman. Anatomy of the Orchestra. Rev. ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.

An examination of the instruments and their individual and ensemble functions within the symphony orchestra. The author notes common and uncommon practice and notation and explains unusual terms found in the orchestral literature.

________ . A Companion to the Orchestra. London: Faber and Faber, 1987.

Information about instruments, terminology, and the functions of the symphony orchestra are arranged in a dictionary format. Also published as The Anchor Companion to the Orchestra. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Press, 1987.

Grigg, Carolyn Doub, compiler. Music Translation Dictionary: An English, Czech, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish Vocabulary of Musical Terms. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1978.

A list of musical terms, instruments, and important words with English as the basic language. There is an index to all words in all languages and a separate index for the cyrillic alphabet.

Katzyen, Lelia, and Val Telberg. Russian-English Dictionary of Musical Terms. New York: Telberg Book Corp., 1965.

This dictionary includes terms which appeared regularly in Russian materials between 1945 and 1964. Untranslatable terms are transliterated. Arranged according to the cyrillic alphabet, it does not include a corresponding English to Russian section.

Leuchtmann, Horst, editor-in-chief. Teminorum Musicae Index Septum Linguis Redactus: Polyglot Dictionary of Musical Terms: English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Hungarian, Russian. Kassel: Bärenreiter; Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1978.

Terms are arranged in alphabetical order with German as the basic language, but with ample cross-references. Although this volume does not offer definitions, it does provide English language equivalents for foreign language terms. There is a separate glossary for the cyrillic alphabet and an appendix with 44 diagrams which identify examples of music and parts of musical instruments in each language.

Leuchtmann, Horst, editor. Wörterbuch Music: Dictionary of Terms in Music. (English-German/German-English). 5th ed. Stuttgart: J. B. Metzler, 1998.

A comprehensive German dictionary, including many abbreviations and acronyms. The appendix shows examples of music and identifies the elements in both languages.

Moore, Shirley, compiler and editor. A French-English Music Dictionary. Atlanta, Ga.: Leihall Publications, 1985.

This one-way (French to English only) dictionary translates over 4000 musical terms, phrases, and some titles from music scores, theory texts, and includes some conducting terms. Pronunciation is given for most entries.

Smith, William James. A Dictionary of Musical Terms in Four Languages: English, French, Italian, German. London: Hutchinson, 1961.

Arranged by genre, this dictionary includes headings for instruments, terms, and . The appendix has special headings for the library, the gramophone, the wireless, military bands, and brass bands. A pronunciation guide appears in the preface.

1. Bowings

Berman, Joel, Barbara G. Jackson and Kenneth Sarch. 4th ed. Dictionary of Bowing and Pizzicato Terms. Bloomington, Ind.: Tichenor Publishing, 1999.

A detailed and well illustrated explanation of bowing techniques, effects and styles set in a dictionary format-a valuable reference for conductors and players.

Galamian, Ivan. Principles of Violin Playing & Teaching. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1985.

Bowing principles and techniques are described in some string instrument instruction manuals such as this one.

Green, Elizabeth A. H. The Dynamic Orchestra: Principles of Orchestral Performance for Instrumentalists, Conductors, and Audiences. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1987.

Chapter Six discusses "Bowing Principles," outlining the author's concepts on musical and technical bowing decisions, as well as her suggestions for marking bowings in parts.

________ . Orchestral Bowings and Routines. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Campus Publishers, 1957.

A helpful manual which presents the author's basic concepts and guidelines for determining bowings for orchestral works.

Rabin, Marvin, and Priscilla Smith. Guide to Orchestral Bowings Through Musical Styles. Rev. ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1990.

This manual is intended to be used in conjunction with a videotape demonstrating bow movement and technique within different styles of musical performance.

2. Errata material

The American Choral Review and Research Memorandum Series (RMS).

Each published quarterly. These publications of the American Choral Foundation are intended for the professional choral director or performer. An index to the American Choral Review is online at http://chorusamerica.org/acr_index.shtml. The RMS occasionally publishes articles on musical editions and errata.

BD Guide.

Although no longer published, the journal included articles analyzing and listing errata for band music as a regular feature. Since its inception as Band magazine in 1984, Frederick Fennell's series of analytical articles appeared in this journal.

The Choral Journal.

Published ten times a year. This journal of the American Choral Directors Association (ACDA) occasionally includes articles on music publishers, library collections, and errata. Online access is available through the ACDA web site at http://acdaonline.org/cj/interactive/.

Del Mar, Norman. Orchestral Variations: Confusion and Error in the Orchestral Repertoire. London: Eulenburg, 1981. Reprint, New York: Da Capo, 1982.

The author discusses errata and points out discrepancies in 45 works by 22 composers, an expansion of his articles published in Score magazine.

The Instrumentalist.

Published monthly. Intended for the school instrumental teacher, this magazine occasionally publishes analyses of band or wind ensemble works, some of which include errata. Earlier issues featured a series of analytical articles by conductor Frederick Fennell.

Journal of Band Research.

Published twice a year. This journal of the American Bandmasters Association features scholarly articles on bands, wind music, and related topics. Errata may be presented within articles on analysis or performing editions.

Journal of the Conductors' Guild.

Published twice a year. Errata for orchestral, choral, and wind works are often published in this journal under the column "Scores and Parts." Back issues are available to members through the Guild's website (http://www.conductorsguild.org/).

Marcato. Newsletter of MOLA, the Major Orchestra Librarians' Association.

Published quarterly. Current and back issues available online at http://www.mola-inc.org/marcato.html. Early issues of the journal contained lists of errata in a regular column while later issues identify errata lists on file in the MOLA Resource Center at the Philadelphia Orchestra Library. These lists are available to MOLA members through the organization's website.

Topolewski, Tim. "Errata Studies for the Wind Band Conductor." Various publication sources.

A five-volume set of monographs with incomplete errata for over thirty works in the standard band repertoire. The individual booklets are available for purchase from most music dealers.

3. Music Notation

Broido, Arnold, and Daniel Dorff. "Standard Music Practice." Rev. ed. New York: Music Publishers' Association, 1993.

A very handy pocket guide outlining the basic practices of music . A joint publication of the Music Publishers' Association and the Music Educators National Conference.

Gerou, Tom, and Linda Lusk. Essential Dictionary of Music Notation. Los Angeles: Alfred Publishing, 1996.

A pocket guide and ready reference manual, arranged in dictionary form, defining music terminology and illustrating standard practice.

Major Orchestra Librarians' Association. "Music Preparation Guidelines for Orchestral Music." Philadelphia, Pa.: Major Orchestra Librarians' Association, 2004.

A pamphlet with guidelines for the proper engraving of orchestral music, emphasizing readability and standardization.

Powell, Steven. Music Engraving Today: The Art and Practice of Digital Notesetting. New York: Brichtmark Music, 2002.

A modern counterpart to the Ross manual (below), focusing on computer software programs like Finale and Sibelius. It has invaluable information for every copyist and desktop music publisher.

Roemer, Clinton. The Art of Music Copying: The Preparation of Music for Performance. 2nd ed. Sherman Oaks, Calif.: Roerick Music, 1985.

Chapter topics include equipment, spacing, phrasing, chords, transposition, and preparing parts for specific instruments and ensembles. The book is profusely illustrated and includes an index. A CD-ROM version is published by NPC Imaging (http://www.npcimaging.com).

Ross, Ted. The Art of Music Engraving and Processing: A Complete Manual, Reference and Text Book on Preparing Music for Reproduction and Print. 2nd ed., Miami, Fla.: Charles Hansen, 1970.

This manual describes the process of engraving music manuscript, explaining in detail many of the rules of generally applied only to professional music printing. Includes numerous musical examples and illustrations.

Solomon, Samuel Z. How to Write for Percussion: A Comprehensive Guide to Percussion Composition. New York: SZSolomon, 2002.

This comprehensive guide includes many illustrations of proper percussion along with photographs of the instruments.

Stone, Kurt. Music Notation in the Twentieth Century: A Practical Guidebook. New York: W. W. Norton, 1980.

An examination of contemporary covering general conventions of and specific for individual instruments.

1. Orchestral Excerpts And Audition Material

Akos, Katherine, Marshall Burlingame, and Jack Wellbaum, compilers and editors. Facing the Maestro: A Musician's Guide to Orchestral Audition Repertoire. Washington, D.C.: American Symphony Orchestra League, 1983.

Lists the most requested audition repertoire by instrument, frequency of request, and composer. Includes a list of publishers and music sources.

Rabson, Carolyn. Orchestral Excerpts: A Comprehensive Index. Berkeley, Calif.: Fallen Leaf Press, 1993.

An index of published collections of orchestral excerpts and parts for all standard instruments of the orchestra. Includes a list of sources and a general bibliography.

2.Program Production

A. Style Manuals

The Chicago Manual of Style. 15th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.

Entries in chapter eight (8.201 through 8.205) give guidelines on formatting musical titles for use in print. Other entries in this manual are also helpful to standardize program style.

Helm, E. Eugene, and Albert T. Luper. Words & Music: Form and Procedure in Theses, Dissertations, Research Papers, Book Reports, Programs, Theses in Composition. Rev. ed. Totowa, N.J.: European American Music, 1982.

Chapter three discusses elementary program style and format and includes illustrations of sample programs.

Holoman, D. Kern. Writing About Music: A Style Sheet from the Editors of 19th-Century Music. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

This book is an expansion of the style sheet used by the journal 19th-Century Music. Chapter 6 discusses the style and format of the printed program.

B. Program Notes

Diamond, Harold J. Music Analysis: An Annotated Guide to the Literature. New York: Schirmer Books, 1991.

Presents 4,600 annotated citations from 750 books, 100 periodicals, and 400 dissertations in English language sources. Includes an index of distinctive titles.

Downes, Edward. New York Philharmonic Guide to the Symphony. New York: Walker, 1981.

Contains the author's notes on standard orchestra works from New York Philharmonic programs.

Fry, Stephen M., compiler and editor. "A guide to musical program notes and analyses." http://www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/music/analyses.htm.

A web bibliography to program note sources and collections, sponsored by the Music Library of the University of California at Los Angeles.

Smith, Norman E. March Music Notes. Lake Charles, La.: Program Note Press, 1986.

This book contains 380 biographies and 637 program notes for "the most popular marches from the last three centuries."

________ . Program Notes for Band. Lake Charles, La.: Program Note Press, 2000.

Biographical information and program notes for concert and march music in the standard concert band repertory; includes publisher, duration, and grade level for each work.

Steinberg, Michael. The Concerto: A Listener's Guide. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

________ . The Symphony: A Listener's Guide. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Collections of the author's program notes, originally written for the Boston Symphony and San Francisco Symphony orchestras.

Voorhees, Anna Tipton. Index to Symphonic Program Notes in Books. Keys to Music Bibliography 1. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University School of Library Science, 1970.

Indexes 57 books of collected program notes.

Note: Books with program notes or information about specific works can also be found in library collections under the subject headings "Orchestral music. Analysis, appreciation," and "Band music. Analysis, appreciation," or similar subject heads classed by music style. They may also be listed under subheadings by form, such as "Symphonies. Analysis, appreciation."

Books and monographs in a certain series also include detailed information about a composer's output or specific works, such as:

BBC Music Guides (Seattle: University of Washington Press)

Cambridge Music Handbooks (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)

Norton Critical Scores (New York: W. W. Norton)

Teaching Music through Performance (Chicago: GIA Publications)

A Composer's Insight (Galesville, Md.: Meredith Music Publications)

C. Copyright and Performance Right

This Business of Music: The Definitive Guide to the Music Industry by M. William Krasilovsky and Sidney Shemel. New York: Billboard Books, 2003 (xviii, 526 pages)

This standard reference on music business is in its ninth edition.

Kohn on Music Licensing by Al Kohn and Bob Kohn
Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Aspen Law & Business, 1996 (li, 1449 pages)

Provides a comprehensive explanation of the history and function of rights organizations.

" The Music We Perform: An Overview of Royalties, Rentals and Rights" by Lawrence Tarlow and Robert Sutherland.
[New York]: Major Orchestra Librarians' Association, 1998, 2003

An overview of copyright legislation and rights intended primarily for performance librarians, written by the chief librarians of the New York Philharmonic and the Metropolitan Opera. Available from MOLA at their web page (http://www.mola-inc.org/pdf/MusicWePerform.pdf).

"Copyright for Music Librarians."
Website sponsored by the Music Library Association at www.lib.jmu.edu/org/mla/.

The United States Copyright Office

This office is located at the Library of Congress and information about their function and services is available on their web site at lcweb.loc.gov/copyright.

D. Websites and Online Resources

Major Orchestra Librarians Association (MOLA)
http://mola-inc.org

Includes information about the organization, links to publishers and music sources, publications about the profession, and back issues of the organization's newsletter.

Symphony Orchestra Library Center
http://www.orchestralibrary.com/

Operated by Stephen Sherrill, librarian of the Atlanta Symphony, with many music reference links for publishers, titles, and web resources.

University of Illinois Band Library Resources
http://www.bands.uiuc.edu/library.php

A large page of links to band music publishers and resources, band organizations, copyright information, and composer information.