Web Centric Resources and Bookmarks

General Tools

General Resources: for Many Web Programming Topics

Summary Table of Sites Which Are Useful for Many Topics

Certain sites recur frequently: they provide information on multiple topics, and often at multiple levels. This table summarizes those sites and is always a good place to start ... Please note that there are also many sites which are useful for only one or two categories (e.g. CSS or Web Services) and which are listed under those topics. Further, even for the general sites, the topical sections often have links to more specific useful resources.

 

I-A td>A

Site	Comments	HTML and XHTML	CSS	Java-Script	jQuery	CGI	Perl	PHP	XML	Web Services	Web2.0, Ajax	Mobile
w3c	Documentation for most technologies; hard to use unless you know something	Doc	N-I Doc			Doc			Doc	Doc	Doc	N-I
About	Hard to find with search	N	N	N	N				N			N
w3schools	Superb  tutorials; handy references well organized; a few errors	N-I Ref	N-I Ref	N-I Ref	N-I			N-I		N-I	Ajax	N-I
Tizag	Similar to above tho' often less detailed; SQL tutorial too	N Ref	N	N-I			N-I	N-I		N
U Minn. Duluth	Superbly organized links; Accessibility info too.	Link by search	Link	Link				Link	Link
HTMLGoodies	Older site which still has lots of good articles	N; Ref	I-A; Scr	N		N		N	N			N
HotScripts	Many advanced topics too			Scr	Scr	Scr	Scr	Scr			Scr	Scr
html goodies (Formerly Web Developer Virtual Library)	Clear, but some older	N-I	N-I	N-I	N-I	N	N; Link	N; Link	N-I-E; Link	/td>		N-I
DevShed					I-E; Scr		A; Scr	A; Scr	A	A	A
IBM developerWorks	Wonderful articles if you have a specific topic	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A
DZone RefCardz	Great reference cards for many languages and platforms	I Ref	I Ref	I Ref	I Ref			I Ref	I Ref	I Ref	I Ref	I Ref
Microsoft Developer Network	Large, organized library; searchable; links to Stack Overflow	I-A, Link	I-A, Link	I-A, Link	I-A, Link	I-A, Link	Link	Link	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A
Stack Overflow	Site to ask high level questions	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
Mozilla Developer Network	Large, serachable library with many tutorials and reference guides. Also Programming tutorials	A	A	A	A					A	A	A
Tutorialspoint	Tutorials on all web technologies, and also	N-I	N-I	N-I	N-I		N-I
Menzin Links at Simmons College	This web page	Link	Link	Link	Link	Link	Link	Link	Link	Link	Link	Link

 

Legend

N, I and A: have Novice, Intermediate and Advanced articles and tutorials

Doc: has documentation on topic

Ref: has reference charts on syntax

Link: links to other articles and tutorials and books

Scr: has sample scripts and downloadable code

 

Summary Chart (above) as a Word Document

Organizations

World Wide Web Consortium (w3c)

The w3c develops most of the standards for the web. They are the source of definitive documentation on many subject, and have a few primers. Generally it is better to learn a little about a topic before you dig into the documentation.

OASIS develops most of the other standards.

ECMA owns the standard for JavaScript

ACM Many on-line books and courses

ISO makes some standards publicly available; others must be bought from ISO

IEEE Computer Society and ACM are the large professional organizations with tutorials etc.

Articles, Tutorials and Sites which Cover Multiple Subjects, starting with more elementary ones

w3schools

On-line tutorials for many subjects - including CSS, XML, etc.  Usually a very clear survey of the issues, features, syntax. Read before you get into the grubby details for an excellent overview.

Tizag

Elementary tutorials. Usually w3schools goes farther, but Tizag covers a few topics that w3schools miss.

Tutorialspoint

Many free tutorials on both web development and other CS topics (check the Categories menu).A good complement to w3schools.

ZDNet has downloads (many free) for everything from security to ftp, in addition to their reviews of hardware.

U. of Minnesota - Duluth organizes everything

This well-organized site has tutorials on CSS, JavaScript, XML, PHP, Usability and Accessibility. Tools for every topic. Outstanding collection of resources; no description of level of articles.

About.com

Many clear primers and introductory articles on XHTML, CSS, Perl, etc. Unfortunately hard to find information from previous newsletters.

WebDeveloper.com

Articles (some current, some dated; mostly intermediate) and forums to ask about Java, HTML, XHTML, JavaScript, Perl, CGI etc. Searchable, but not organized. Requires free registration.

EarthWeb

Useful family of sites covering all areas of web-centric computing; primers, tutorials, and newsletters ranging from elementary (e.g. HTML Goodies) to intermediate; all well-written, but some are dated

Includes Developer.com with very current technical articles on a random selection of web-centric technologies.

HotScripts

Articles on scripts for many languages and technologies - Perl, PHP, Python, JavaScript, XML. Well organized, but not encylopedic (e.g. not section on jQuery or Node). For example, click on PHP, then books and you are led to short paragraphs describing over 60 PHP books.

ASPN Active State Programmer Network

Resource for programmers in Perl, PHP, Python, etc. in which Active State offers open source languages and tools. The Newsfeeds tab links to RSS feeds from many tech news sources. Major site.

A List Apart (calls itself ALA)

Mainly articles on CSS code, but also some on JavaScript, XML, layout and web site design. Oriented to graphic designers.

More Advanced Resources

Stack Overflow is the go to resource for programming difficulties

Mozilla's Developer Center and set of developer's tools

as well as tutorials and guides

Alphaworks from IBM

Articles on many cutting edge technologies; clear but not novice and must use search function for your topic.

developerWorks learning site has articles on IBM products, but also excellent articles on emerging standards and technologies.

Microsoft Developer Network has lots of documentation and training

Amaya Home Page

Editor which includes extensions to MathML; Amaya is a w3c.org tool for editing on the web

Apache

A very large, major open source organization with many projects.
Apache is a web server; there are links to Xerces, Apache's XML editing tool, other XML projects, and many other projects and products.

npm originally the Node Package Manager

Now a huge repository of much more than node.js packages

SourceForge is a huge repository of open source projects with documentation

Major open source Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) with links and features

Including JsDelivr, cdnjs, Microsoft Ajax CDN

Oracle

Oracle's developer site - information on JavaScript, Java, etc. and, of course, Oracle and MySQL

Cheat—sheets.org a huge list covering many, many computer topics, some out of date.

Git and GitHub section has a list of tutorials on these resources

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IT in general - not web specific

FTP Utilities and PutTY

CoreFTPLite

My favorite free FTP client for Windows;supports both FTP and SFTP/SSH' easy to use and robust, except for perl files. Best of all, if you find a typo after you've uploaded a file you may use CoreFTP to edit it on the server.

Fetch is an excellent FTP client for Macs

CyberDuck

Free FTP and SFTP utility- this one for Macs, also available at Apple

Choosing an FTP utility

FTP for various OS's; good discussion of the issues, but tools last updated in 2004.

Setting up your FTP utility

Filezilla

Free FTP and SFTP (Secure FTP) utility (from Source Forge)

Fugu

SFTP for Macs with a graphical front-end

ZDNet

FTP clients, many with reviews. You may set the filter to 'free'.

PuTTY is a free implementation of Telnet for Windows and Unix systems. It may be downloaded at :

http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/ (Homepage for PuTTY)

or http://www.softpedia.com/get/Network-Tools/Telnet-SSH-Clients/PuTTY.shtml

Easy installation instructions are at http://www.wnec.edu/~snarmont/putty/

And the user manual is at http://www.tartarus.org/%7Esimon/puttydoc/index.html

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UNIX/LINUX, and bash/PowerShell

A few reminders in case you need to brush up

While you are on a UNIX/LINUX machine:

man commandName  gives the manual's sections on that command.

There are many LINUX (and UNIX) groups on Google

The following tutorials are all very, very basic:

Linux Links

Includes a place for newbies, but most of the searches link to books at Amazon

BigNoseBird Tutorial on vi has cheat sheet of vi editing commands and a primer

Learn Linux in 10 minutes including vi basics

Several basic Linux tutorials

Unix tutorial which is well organized

Clear tutorial which includes bash aka terminal or shell scripting

Tutorialspoint has an organized collection of Linux tutorials at different levels

User–friendly FAQs on Linux

Commonly used Unix Commands, also here and here

Command Line Bootcamp goes a bit beyond the primers

The One Page Linux Manual from digilife is useful after you have used Linux a bit

vi cheat sheet also from digilife

Working with Files under UNIX

Well organized and useful

Unix Guru universe — beginners start here

With references to more advanced material also

Many Unix/Linux cheat sheets are here and here along with ones for bash and PowerShell

Search Enterprise Linux resource for Linux sysadmis

More detailed tutorial on Linux; goes beyond the basic ones

bash or terminal or shell scripting is the command line interface on Unix; in Windows it is named PowerShell.
In Windows 10 you can get to PowerShell by holding the windows key and pressing r, and then typing cmd in the dialog box.
Here are some basic tutorials for bash and PowerShell and comparisons of them:

primer for command line interfaces

As mentioned above, Ryans tutorials will get you started and Tutorialspoint will take you deeper on shell scripting

Microsoft has a detailed tutorial on PowerShell, as well as a blog post on why it is great.

If you are already familiar with bash here and here are clear comparisons of bash and PowerShell commands.

A short introduction to PowerShell, but written before Windows 10

Infoword has a long PowerShell guide for SysAdmins

GIT and GitHub

GIT and GitHub

The Reference Manual and some tutorials for GIT and free book

There are tutorials on GIT at:

NewBoston series of video tutorials

short,clear video on Git and GitHub

tutorialspoint has a short, clear organized tutorial to get you started

What is GitHub?

10 GIT tutorials of various levels. The Pro Git one is a whole book, but very clear. The Easy Version Control with Git is a good way to start, and the Git Magic will give you the next level of detail.

Github has a short help series to get you going

Get to know Git course from scoth.io; elementary to advanced

There are mobile and desktop versions

There are cheat sheets at:

Dzone has a refcardz that is just a bit more than a tutorial

Cheat sheet after you get going

Cheat sheet and best practices from JRebel

GitLab and BitBucket are alternatives to GitHub

And there are other choices for code hosting

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Tech News Sources

ACM

Current news; you should also get their newsletter with weekly updates.
If you are a student, you should join; student memberships are a bargain.

IEEE

This site has more news about the IEEE than about technology.
Local societies and local computer societies also frequently have newsletters

ZDNet

Reviews of software, hardware and tech toys; good place to find free utilities (e.g. for FTP)
as well as to comparison shop for new computers, digital cameras, etc.

CNET check out both the News and Reviews

Information Week catering to IT folk

Tech News World News about technoloy, but not very techy

SlashDot which likes to describe itself as ':news for nerds'

Wired.com now has some of its news for subscribers only

The following sites offer newsletters geared to web-centric computing:

eweek primarily news; many topics

Informit (self-serving) white papers from vendors

InfoWorld News, reviews, opinions.

ComputerWorld, sister to InfoWorld, is less oriented to web development issues

TechRepublic.com News, articles on web related topics;

DZone publishes articles on topics ranging from web development to the cloud; also their excellent RefCardz

Several places maintain surveys of browser usage

w3schools has monthly updates

w3counter also has monthly updates

upsdell has weekly updates with details on versions

wikipedia explains why there are different estimates, but updates less often

Several places regularly track the popularity of programming languages

TIOBE Community Bulletin Board Lists frequency of queries about various languages including web-centric ones

pypl maintains a similar list based on frequency of tutorial searches

statistics times includes both of the above

Red Monk ranks based on Git Hub (previously on Stack Overflow) postings, but these are all highly correlated

IEEE Spectrum publishes an annual list

The following excellent blogs and tweets are interesting for people interested in design and web standards:

About.com maintains lists of folks who blog about web development and about HTML and CSS

A List Apart - focused on design

Remy Sharp - also focused on design - HTML5, CSS3; He tweets at @rem. Remy Sharp is the co-author of Introducing HTML5 (with Bruce Lawson) and also writes for html5doctor

Peter-Paul Koch, who writes keeps the best tables on compatibility of browsers. His quirksmode.org site is invaluable and you can follow him on twitter @ppk

Bruce Lawson sometimes writes for webstandards.org and he blogs, but his tweets are usually personal. He also is an Opera evangelist.

Adactio is by Jeremy Keith, who has written great books on DOM scripting and works to promote web standards. He also writes for webstandards.org as does Bruce Lawson. On Twitter Keith is @adactio

Blog written by John Resig, creator of jQuery. On Twitter he is @jeresig Resig is more interested in JavaScript and jQuery, while some of the earlier people listed on this page are more interested in design (HTML5/CSS3) issues.

Jeffrey Zeldman is one of the early vocal advocates for web standards, and has published popular books on the subject. On twitter he is @zeldman

Blog by Christain Heilman, another developer. His tweets @codepo8 are sometimes personal, but often technically valuable.

UIE.com Jared Spool is the chief here and he tweets as @jmspool; another excellent source is Alertbox or Nielsen Norman Group from the justly famous Jakob Nielsen. Both also publish excellent newsletters.

John Resig is the creator or jQuery. He tweets as @jeresig

w3fools maintains a list of important tweeters near the bottom of their page

zdnet links to 100 technology experts on twitter, with short descriptions

For accessibility issues the best newsletter is from Laura Carlson, (but Jared Spool and Jakob Nielsen focus on usability and hence have a lot to say about accessibility.) Subscribe by emailing her at lcarlson@d.umn.edu. Her weekly newletter also updates other design issues.

Luke Wroblewski writes about responsive web design and tweets as @lukew

Addy Osmani tweets and blogs. He worked on Web Start Kit at Google. Some are quite advanced.

Zoltan Hawryluk blogs about many things, with a graphics interest. Advanced.

Ariya Hidayat tweets and blogs with a JavaScript focus. Advanced

Cody Lindley is a front end developer who tweets at @codylindley

Ben Nadel @BenNadel tweets and blogs about advanced JS, frameworks, and Node.js

Axel Rauschmayer @rauschma tweets and blogs about JS and his wonderful books

Nathan Smith @nathansmith tweets on UI and JavaScript (and unrelated topics)

Ryan Florence @ryanflorence tweets about React

Also, I tweet @msmenzin

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• HTML5 and XHTML +    -

  • Books and Documentation for HTML5 and XHTML +    -

    • Books for HTML5 and XHTML +    -

      HTML5: The Definitive Guide 6th Edition by Chuck Musciano & Bill Kennedy, and Estelle Weyl is due out in July 2014, after many delays.

      Previous versions were clear, with plenty of examples; had a short tutorial first, and then had a lot of detail and were useful as a reference

      HTML and CSS: The Complete Refence 5th Edition by Thomas A. Pwell, published by Osborne 2010. Most recent of several excellent reference books

      HTML, XHTML, and CSS Bible (Bible) 5th Edition by Bryan Pfaffenberger, Bill Karow, Chuck White, and Steven M. Schafer published by Wiley, 2010

      The 'Bible' reference books are usually the most complete and usually invaluable

      Introducing HTML5 by Bruce Lawson and Remy Sharp published 2011 by New Riders

      Excellent book from two of the authors on html5doctor.com; it is also worth following them on twitter.

      HTML5 Up and Running by Mark Pilgrm published 2010 by OReilly

      Also available at Dive into HTML5.
      The site has been saved by Mislav Marohnic, after Mark Pilgrim died. (Thank you!) This may also be found on Github and here and another place on Github.
      Excellent organized tutorial on HTML5.
      Appendix A has code for detecting the features of HTML5, although I think today many people would just use Modernizr if they still need to deal with very old browsers. Still, this is a great place to go before you read the articles on one or two particular features.Highly recommended. There is also a useful Table of Contents.
      It has the clearest discussion I know of the various video codecs.
      There is also an appendix on line.

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    • Documentation: Tables of special characters (accented letters, apostrophes, etc.) +    -

      About.com

      w3schools has HTML entities alphabetically &mdash e.g. the sign for an angle is under 'a'

      w3c.org

      Includes mathematical characters and descriptions (HTML4 and HTML5 are the same on this)

      Also available here

      Characters in order of their Unicode number from w3c.org

      Also available here

      HTML.su entities

      An easy to scan table which includes mathematical symbols and letters from other languages

      All Unicode characters, arranged by language, symbols, etc.

      This is a very easy to use set of tables and my first choice.

      another scanable table of Unicode characters

      Older but useful pages for multi-lingual unicode symbols

      Characters, Entities and Fonts from w3c.org

      with descriptive information. To go beyond these you may need to use MathML markup or the entry below on combining Unicode characters with diacritical marks.

      Tables of entities

      Tables are broken into groups e.g. math, punctuation etc. so may be easier to find what you need

      Web Standards' similar tables

      And, naturally, at Wikipedia

      Link to easy page on how to code for superscripts, subscripts and diacritical marks, as well as links to mathematical and other symbols.

      How to combine Unicode characters

      Useful should you need to to add diacritical marks

      Extended Latin Alphabet

      Letters for French, Sweedish, etc. No symbols, but much easier to use if you need only these letters. With more characters too.

      Where is my character? explains how to use the code charts and leads to the FAQs on combining characters.

      Then go to the links to all code charts which are also at this page You can find codes for subscripts and superscripts

      Explains how to combine characters and has a useful chart of diacritical marks; Wikipedia leads to information about normalizing so that you don't reinvent an existing combination.

      m dashes vs. n dashes old but useful article

    • Documentation (General): Tables of HTML5 tags, elements, attributes; also doctypes, mimetypes and character sets +    -

      The w3c reference on HTML5

      Useful mostly for people developing browsers and other agents

      w3schools table of all HTML5 (and HTML4) tags, attributes, colors, etc.;

      HTML5 Elements and Attributes

      Useful table; need to click on a term on left side and relevant info appears on right

      Mozilla site on HTML5 tags per w3c.org

      List is organized by function and clickable for detailed information. Deprecated older tags are omitted. Excellent resource.

      HTML5 cheet sheet from Veign Older, so may not have the latest changes

      Four pages, but with useful information about attributes supported and whether the tag is in HTMl4 or 5 or both

      Dzone Refcardz on HTML5

      TheRefcardz are free and excellent

      w3c Recommendations for Doctypes

      Exactly what you need to know, including for MathML and older versions of HTML.

      Setting the character set encoding

      More information on character set encodings is in the Tutorials section.

      The DOM model

      The DOM has become very important (e.g. for CSS and AJAX). Tutorials and Articles on the DOM are listed separately in the JavaScript section. This reference is from the JavaScript Kit.

      Structure of Unicode

      The w3c on tables in HTML5

      Almost all of tables' attributes must now be set with CSS; be sure to also check the next section.

      HTML4 The following articles refer to (the older) HTML, but still have some useful information:

      HTML 4.01 Specification

      You can also find the Forms specifications here.

      HTML4 elements from w3c.org

      HTML4 attributes from w3c.org Includes information on what is deprecated

      11 features became obsolete in HTML5

      HTML/XHTML in one page Easy to use chart with all tags and doctypes; last updated in August 2007, so no HTML5 info

      Obsolete features which HTML5 dropped (and were in HTML4.01)
      

      You want to stay away from oboslete features such as center, font, frame and frameset, big, blink, u; all are listed here.
      html dog also has a list of bad tags and attributes.

      XHTML XHTML is no longer being developped by the w3c. See instead The XML syntax in HTML

      Older references may be found by following the links on XHTML1.1 from w3c;
      and the links at XHTML Basic description and documentation from w3c;
      Also at Complete documentation on XHTML from w3c.org and XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)

      Other HTML5 documentation

      Please also check Other HTML and XHTML Links and Resources as many of them also have documentation
      and reference tables in addition to articles

  
  

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  • Tutorials and Articles for HTML and XHTML +    -

    • Note: At the time of this update most tutorials still begin with basic HTML, essentially HTML4.01, and then progress to HTML5 (or occasionally to XHTML.)
      If you need XML extensions and name spaces (e.g. for ChemML or eBXML) you will need to use XHTML.
      Otherwise you most likely should use HTML5, which now includes MathML and SVG.
      
      In either case, if you are new to HTML you should begin with basic HTML and then progress to HTML5 (or XHTML.)
      If you are not sure which you will need then you can write "polyglot" which may be rendered correctly in either.
      In keeping with what is found on-line, we start with basic HTML and then move to the more powerful features in HTML5 and XHTML.

    • HTML Tutorials and Elementary Articles +    -

      • Basic HTML Tutorials +    -

        w3.org training

        Largely duplicates the material from the old, excellent Opera site, but is current and uses HTML5.

        Also General information about web design curricula and standards

        w3schools tutorial on HTML

        Certainly one of the most popular sites, because of its clarity.
        It also is current about such matters as using headings (h1 through h6) to convey meaning (semantics.)
        Near the end is information on What's new in HTML5, but if you look only at HTML5 tutorials, you will not need this.

        Very slow introduction to HTML assuming you have never used it before.

        Beginner 's Guide to HTML

        A clear, concise introduction with links to activities for teachers and information about many web related activities, e.g. safe searching.

        htmldog.com has tutorials of increasing difficulty on html5, css and javascript.

        None of them gets really advanced, but they are html5 right from the git—go.

        Udemy (currently) free courseon HTML5

        Starts with the basics, but goes through graphics and CSS; uses w3schools site also.

        HTML5 for beginners video tutorial

        A good place to start if you are new to HTML

        
        

        The following tutorials are on HTML4 and so be careful about them. They are included here for their clarity.

        Introduction to HTML

        The same material is also available here.

        Dave Ragett's Tutorials on HTML

        Even though you should start with HTML5 or XHTML, this is such a clear, concise tutorial it's a classic.

        There are also links to his advanced tutorial, his tutorial on CSS,

        HTML Tutorial from EchoEcho.com

        Another clear HTML tutorial; has some more advanced features - e.g. meta tags refresh, etc. The navigation is so clear that you can quickly zoom to any details you need. Unfortunately, it has not been updated to HTML5.

        Google Code's Tutorials on HTML, CSS and JavaScript

        A wonderful set of tutorials and exercises once you know a little HTML has been removed by Google so that they can promote their own Go language. Emphasizes best practices in coding, including proper semantic use of tags. This is a pity, but some videos are still available on YouTubeand continued here. Do not skip the exercise videos.

        30 htm*l best practices for beginners

      • Articles on Specific Basic HTML Topics +    -

        • Articles on Tables

          Please see Responsive Web Design in the CSS section of this page.

          Templates for tables for displaying tabular data

          Styling tables from w3schools using CSS

          If your favorite attributes are not available in HTML5 this is a good place to start

          Columns and column groups

        • Articles on Fonts

          Please also refer to the sections on Site Design and Browsers

          Font rendering in different platforms

          Includes valuable screen shots of Courier and Arial in different browsers on PCs and Macs

          Browser News' font resources

          Includes a very useful chart of which fonts are found on Windows, Macs and Linux machines

          Common fonts on Windows and their Mac equivalents

          Table shows fonts and their equivalents, but it is hard to see some of the differences

          Font Families: How to Decide Which Font Family to Use ? ?

          Serif, Sans?Serif, Monospace, Script, Fantasy families

          Fonts which also work for RWD or Responsive Web Design

          Fonts

          w3c's definitions of the font characteristics you may specify, and how to do it.

        • Articles on Lists

          Unordered lists how to change the shape of the bullets or get none

          Beginning with XHTML1.0 strict (and for most HTML5 attributes) this must be done through styling.

          This also works on mobile devices

          Ordered lists how to change the enumeration (e.g. Roman, Arabic numerals, letters, etc.)

          Beginning with XHTML1.0 strict and HTML5 this must be done through styling.

          This also works on mobile devices

          The starting point of the numbering/lettering may also be specified

          Possible values for list-style-type

          To specify shape of bullet (or none) for unordered lists and method of enumerating (numbers, letters, etc.) for ordered lists

          Guidelines for formatting lists

        • Articles on other specific topics

          Attributes and XML Introduction.

          The span and div Tags

          Clear summary of the similarities and differences

          Beginning with HTML5, one should prefer section, article, etc. tags to div where appropriate

          What's in a Title

          What the title tag does for you and how to find it.

          Properly using CSS and Scripts with XHTML - please also see section below on CSS

          From Mozilla; with examples

          Using an HTML Validator

          Please also see section below on HTMLTidy

          Quirks Mode - Using the DOCTYPE Tag

          Why you need the DOCTYPE

          Information on the DOM is at DOM - advanced articles on JavaScript

          Attributes for the Image tag

          Checklist for your web page

          Good checklist on everything from correct spelling to making sure your image files are small enough to download rapidly (12Kb)

        • Forms, with Post and Get

          See also the sections on specific more advanced topics and The Server Side (aka CGI)

          A Usability checklist for forms

          Excellent article

          Post and get explained by w3schools.

          HTML Goodies: CGI articles

          Excellent introduction to what CGI is and why it's needed.

          Where the data goes

          Excellent discussion of post and get from Mozilla Development Network

          Focus on forms

          The focus() and blur() methods

          Checkboxes vs. Radio Buttons

          From Jakob Nielsen, the great guru on usability

          The Disabled attribute in forms

          This allows you to fill in a field and prevent the user from changing it

          HTML4 Forms from w3c.org

          Includes some advanced methods - e.g. fieldset for grouping related elements and control elements;

          Information on forms for XHTML are available at forms for XHTML

          XForms for HTML Authors

          The w3c.org explains how to convert Forms to Xforms

          Emailing Forms Data

          Scripts to send form data by email, if you don't want to use the preferred CGI script

    • XHTML Tutorials and Articles +    -

      The links below are tutorials on HTML and articles on why you might move to XHTML.Remember that for most purposes you really want to move to HTML5, but there are still many sites which use XHTML (18% in the summer of 2018).

      w3techs tracks usage of XHTML and HTML monthly and follows trends.

      dd>You can also find current XHTML and HTML5 usage at powermapper and at w3techs.com, which also surveys the usage of other technologies. See also

      HTML5 or XHTML

      Has short, older summary of when to use which and list of references, including info on doctypes, where to stay on top of news, w3c recommendations, etc. More extensive references are on this site.

      How to write HTML5 which is serialized as XHTML from IBM.

      For a while it this was called XHTML5

      XHTML Tutorial from w3schools.com

      The w3schools tutorials are always a good place to begin, but again check with w3fools for errors. Most have been corrected. One of the few remaining tutorials on XHTML.

      XHTML Tutorial from TheNewBoston One of the other few tutorials

      Tutorials from w3c.org.

      Includes links to some advanced tutorials.

      Modularization of XHTML

      Good introduction to modularization of XHTML for XHTML

      Also discusses the Transitional, Strict, and Frameset subsets of XHTML

      Description of all the modules in XHTML 1.1

    • HTML5, including tutorials and more advanced articles +    -

      • HTML5 Tutorials and General Articles +    -

        HTML5 Tutorials in order of increasing sophistication

        More advanced tutorials and articles will be found in the HTML5 Tutorials and Advanced Articles sections below.

        w3schools introduction to HTML5

        Pages with new tags, changes from old tags. Their usual high level of clarity, but perhaps less detailed than some of their other sub–sites. Still a good place to start, or you can link to the beginning of their HTML5 tutorials.

        Dive into HTML5 by Mark Pilgrim who wrote HTML5 Up and Running. the book HTML5 UP and Running.

        The site has been saved by Mislav Marohnic, after Mark Pilgrim died. More information about this is in the Books section.

        Video tutorials on everything from the new elements for media, etc. to geolocation, and tag references

        w3c quick-start guide for people who are already knowledgeable about HTML4.01

        HTML5 series from TheNewBoston

        Despite Bucky Robert's annoying manner (calling everyone ''you guys' etc), his videos are excellent. Tutorials 1 - 4 are basic and then he moves on to CSS and more advanced material. Moves fairly fast, as assumes you are not a newbie and refers you to his earlier tutorial (on XHTML!) if you need it.

        HTML5 Fundamentals from IBM

        An excellent high-level summary for people who have already written some web pages. Highly recommended. Click on link near the top to get to the other parts in the series.

        Mozilla links to references and tutorials from novice to advanced

        IBM has a wondeful set of articles on HTML5

        Part 1 Getting started, with a little CSS

        Part 2 Forms

        Part 3Drawing, video, local storage

        Part 4More drawing and animation

        There are HTML5 Videos on Lynda.com, free for Simmons students.

        More advanced HTML5 tutorials, often with an eye towards fancy graphics:

        html5rocks.com tutorials A variety of tutorials on topics of interest to the site authors; will keep you current, but not an organized way to learn HTML5.

        15 HTML5 tutorials and cheat sheets Similar to the above and also available here.

        A selection of articles on Why HTML5 and what it is about. Although older, these articles still highlight some of the strengths of HTML5

        Please also check the links on specific topics, such as forms and semantic tags (below)

        What is HTML5? Historical description of why we need it with many references

        HTML5 for Web Developers A good, quick article

        New Elements in HTML5 from IBM. Does not cover canvas and new multimedia elements but has a very clear description of the new semantic elements.

        New structural elements from the w3.org wiki. Another good article on same subject.

        What is new in HTML5? About.com introductory article with more on tags and differences from HTML4

        10 new tags you should know about. From TechRepublic; whets your appetite.

        Coming Attrctions: My compilation of older articles and references on this topic. Not for newbies, but has links to all the detailed information and specs.

      • HTML5 Articles on Specific Features especially including features new to HTML5 +    -

        • Articles on forms, input types and form validation

          w3c documentation
          This information isalso available here.

          Dive Into HTML5 chapter on forms,

          HTML5Doctor.com Older but still useful

          Validation for input types without JavaScript

          html5rocks.com

          Mozilla which is a more sophisticated discussion.
          Be sure to also follow the link to form validation, which covers both built–validation and JavaScript validation.
          There is also complete information on input types and their attributes and on form elements

          w3schools includes form validation using JavaScript

          Meyerweb and urlencoder.org and url–encode–decode will do it for you, although the browser will do it for you.

          TutorialsPoint has another reference on url encoding.

          The tel(ephone) type input element: with a regex pattern match for the U.S. and Canada and how it differs from the email and URL input types

        • Articles on semantic markup, including the section and article tags.
          Remember that articles are material which could stand–alone and sections are thematically related pieces.
          An article may contain sections and vice—versa.

          Good introduction to these elements from w3schools

          Best Practices for Semantic HTML

          Semantic HTML is a good basis for accessibility from Mozilla Developers Network

          Semantic HTML and accessibility from Carnegie Museums

          The section element short and clear

          The article tag — a short exposition

          The content model and two short demo 1 and demo 2 on using it. With links to templates.

          w3c diagram on kinds of content with links to documentation

        • Articles on canvas and SVG(requires knowledge of JavaScript) for drawing

          About.com tutorial on the canvas element and why you want to use it.

          an example

          Top 10 featues in canvas from David Geary, who wrote the book on this.

          The most popular book on it is Core HTML5 Canvas by David Geary

          Dzone has a tutorial on canvas (ignore the parts about old browsers) and also a comparison of canvas and SVG

          Blurs and rotations

          Microsoft on Canvas vs. SVG — when to use each

          Informit on what SVG does

          w3schools has tutorials on SVG and canvas , as well as how to embed a google map.

          Part 1 and Part 2 of SVG tutorial from HTML Goodies

        • Local Storage or how to store information in the browser

          Local storage in the browser, for more than cookies, from w3schools

          Dive into HTML5 has usual clear explanation

          w3c documentation on web storage

          Long, clear discussion from computerworld.com (Again, ignore the parts about older browsers)

          IndexedDB provides a JSON (key–value pairs) database in the browser. Although it is part of the HTML5 specification, using it requires some programming. An older but very clear introduction is a good place to start.

          Tutorialspoint has a good reference.

          Mozilla has a tutorial and a complete reference for IndexedDB

          Google code has a sophisticated article.

          htmlgoodies has an older but clear introduction, as does tutsplus

          And IndexedDB

        • More Advanced Articles

          NOTE: Information on the DOM is at DOM - advanced articles on JavaScript
          Articles which require the use of CSS (e.g. for draga and drop) or JavaScript are in their respective sections

          htmlgoodies has articles on a variety of advanced features

          Some, such as the download and output attribute are not supported by all browsers (see use of Modernizr below). Also includes articles on CSS, JavaScript, and mobile. A topic list for HTML5 and for more HTML5 topicssuch as drag and drop, more on videos, etc. is helpful. Articles include code.

          Bruce Lawson maintain a site with many interesting articles and clear navigation

          Very useful; assumes knowledge of CSS

          Ranges and sliders are available for input and also to show progress.

          MathML is implemented in HTML5. Useful articles are at:

          Planet WebKit (search for Math ML)

          site with many links

          w3.org tutorial on MathML is clear and extensive

          Short clear tutorial from XMLMind.

          Rypress introduciton

          Off–line (or Progressive Web Apps or PWAs) allow users to work when the Net is not available.

          Dzone has a guide. PWAs are supposed to be a boon to developing countries.

          Writing Off Line Apps

          documentation for off line apps from the w3c

          Should you abandon table-based layouts in favor of CSS?

          Yes- almost always! And this articles explains why

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  • Links and Resources for HTML and XHTML +    -

    • Validators and Linters for HTML5 and XHTML (Many editors now have these built in)

      blogging.com has a list of validators with links, as does elated

      Many of these are also built into browsers.

      Advice on validation and links to validators

      Older, but still useful explanation of linters vs validators, with links.

      HTML tidy service HTML Tidy is the standard for XHTML validation and will turn HTML4 into XHTML.

      HTML Tidy for HTML5 is the newer version

      and is also available at both file upload or URL versions at w3c

      This validator is also built into Notepad++ for Windows and linux and Balthisar for Macs and other editors.

      The official w3c validator, which is also at validator.nu. It also works for XHTML.

      General information about HTMLTidy and its capabilities

      Although this page describes itself as 'somewhat dated', it has a lot of excellent information as well as a Link to Source Forge and current versions of HTML Tidy.Legacy information is at Source Forge

      WHATWG Validator for HTML5

      Two tools to validate online files, either HTML or XHTML

      Free Formatter has nice validators and formatters

      Including ones for CSS, JSON, and XML

      CSE HTML Validator Online Check

      On-line HTML Validator

      There is a free version.

      Mozilla's has links to several validators.

      There is also a Validator add-on for Firefox

      validator.nu works for XHTML.

      Validator advice and common 'gotchas'

      for older XHTML pages; from AListApart

      uitest.com has many tools including link checkers, validators and other tools for analyzing and optimizing web site traffic, etc.

      HTML Lint is a free linter (slightly less rigid than a validator)

      It is also available thru npm on github.

      Many modern browsers will accommodate certain errors, so a linter may be adequate.

      HTML Hint is even more forgiving

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    • HTML and XHTML Editors

      Links to many free (X)HTML editors for Windows

      With descriptions of each. Some are also available on Macs and Linux

      Large parts of this page were first composed on Evrsoft's excellent 1st page

      Notepad++ is a popular, excellent choice

      There are Mac equivalents.

      Komodo Edit is an excellent tool, available for Windows, OSX or Linux. Also edits perl, php and python files

      NoteTab Lite is another choice.

      Amaya is the w3c's browser/editor and it is designed to work with mathematical expressions and MathML.

      For Macs and OSX

      TextWrangler is the editor of choice for many Mac users

      Fetch is another popular Mac editor

      HTML Editors and Software for Web Development

      Editors, image map tools, etc. Reviews of same.

      prettydiff allows you to compare, prety print or minify html files

      WYSISYG Editors - a few of which are free

      The list includes the usual commercial products - Dreamweaver, Adobe, etc. and links to them

      ZDNet's Download site is another source of editors.

      Some reviews. Editors range from free to expensive. Many have free trial or less fancy free version. Check ZDNet's general download site for site management and design tools.

      The last set of editors are really IDEs.

      Sublime is a powerful text editor, used for site development.>/dt>

      Sevearal themes are available, if you do not like a black background

      Visual Studio Code is a free IDE from Microsoft

      IntellJ from Jet Beans is supposed to have a (free)academic license but are very slow to respond

      Atom.io has an editor and IDE, inclduing an HTML linter

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    • Link Checkers

      Link Valet

      Free and easy to use. Color coded report makes it easy to find broken links, although some fancy 'error pages' don't get picked up as broken.

      w3c link checker

      ZDNet also has a list of link checkers.

      List is updated and includes prices, release date, and some reviews.

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    • Other tools, including for outlining, malware and performance

      uitest.com has many tools including link checkers, validators and other tools for analyzing and optimizing web site traffic, etc.

      Outliner is very useful for outlining complex pages

      w3.org outliner is another choice

    • Browsers including issues on standards compliance

      Because browsers vary in their support of standards, it is important to test on all browsers in common use and know where you may get into trouble

      Survey of browser usage

      Most recent version of Firefox

      And of SeaMonkey for all browsers

      And Safari

      Current Opera browser

      Mobile version of browser also available here

      Browsers for the visually impaired

      Please also see the information about accessibility in the Page and Site Design section

      Archive of old browsers so you can test your site on all browsers.

      This is really a one-stop place and is the easiest way to find old versions of Firefox.

      Also has Bobby (for low vision viewers), Safari for Macs, Flock (social browser).

      Of course, all versions of IE, including for handhelds, are here.

      SillyDog

      Archive of really old Netscape Navigator browsers for PC's, Macs, Linux, etc.

      Of purely historical interest (and why standards are so important)are articles on the no longer needed Quirks Mode:

      Doctype switch and the difference between Quirks and Standard mode

      Also has useful table on how older browsers handle various doctypes and articles on same topic.

      Quirks mode for Mozilla browsers

      Clear description of why Quirks mode is needed and how it works

      Quirks mode and various elements as implemented in various browsers

      Very useful set of tables from Peter-Paul Koch, who is always worth reading.

      How your page looks in Lynx, a text-only browser

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    • Other General HTML5 and XHTML Links and Resources

      The more general resources come before the specific ones.

      Please also check the section on accessibility rules and tools.

      In general, www.w3c.org

      has all the detailed documentation, and the sites below have easier introductions

      Still, it's hard to overestimate the importance of the w3c site for documentation, status reports, and even some tutorials.

      See also the w3c cheat sheet for quick info on HTML, CSS and JavaScript

      HTML Periodic Table from MetaPress shows all the HTML elements

      There are bubbles to describe each element. Includes some advanced elements, e.g. object and param when embedding objects

      The Mozilla Development Center has a variety of HTML tools

      http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Category:HTML:Tools

      The MDC section on HTML has links to tools, including validators, and sophisticated articles.

      Microsoft Developer Network

      Has excellent articles on a huge variety of topics, including advanced features of HTML, graphics, CSS, and mobile apps

      Google Web Developers (previously named HTML5 Rocks) is a useful site, but less comprehensive than either the Microsoft or Mozilla ones

      Their original resources site has advanced tutorials, and superb resources

      About.com covers many, many topics

      www.w3schools.com many excellent novice to intermediate tutorials and tag references, all clearly organized.

      htmlgoodies (formerly Web Developers Virtual Library) has excellent introductory to intermediate tutorials, but some are old.

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Issue in Site and Page Design

Information on Color and Graphics

The RGB Monitors

HTMLgoodies explains how colors are specified in HTML and why; scroll down for tutorials and articles

You want to use browser safe, or non-dithering, colors

Lynda.com is the most famous site for browser safe colors, You may view the colors arranged by hue (also found here) or by value (similar intensity/impact.), also found here

Other pages with browser-safe colors may be found at

Cloford has some nice info and charts

The Visual QuickStart Guide on XHTML and CSS

w3schools

U. Illinois

HTMLgoodies has a site on color and graphics

    Links to free graphics, tools, resources etc. near the bottom of the page

About.com and those named and links to all browser safe colors

Cloford.com - Charts on colors, special characters, country codes

Color pickers, if you are willing to risk a non-browser-safe color, may be found at:

A browser neutral site is at https://colorpicker.me/#0b2c97

There is a simple color picker, including HSL approaches is at w3schools

There are several color picker extensions for Chrome, including ColorZilla and Eyedropper

There are color-picker extensions for Firefox, also including ColorZilla and Eyedropper

Dmitry's Color Lab

Excellent advice and information about color and design; several pages

Designing a Color Graphics Page

This includes a checklist for situations where color is critical ? e.g. for air traffic controlers; very detailed discussion of luminence , contrast, color schemes, etc.

This site also has information on Using color in information display graphics

Optimizing Web Graphics

A bit dated, but many wonderful tools and links, and no one minds a fast download

Color Wheel and color theory

Many useful links to tools and other resources

Tools for re-sizing images

How to add video to your web pages

Sources of free images and icons

HTML Writers' Guild -Links to several libraries of buttons,rules, etc.

Realm Graphics - 150 icons by type; Good source

Clip-art.com- Enormous collection of free clip art

Bullets, dots, etc.

Yahoo 's list of icon collections- Always a good place to start

Index of bullets - Useful site for colored bullets

Webshots Photos - Enormous collection of photos, very well categorized; has several of everything you can think of; may also use it them as screen savers

GraphixKingdom - Large collection of clip art by category

Icon Browser - Large collection of icons, but not categorized, so time-consuming to use

Barry's Clip Art - Another huge, categorized source

Animated smilies

Page Design - Including Usability

Books

Don't Make Me Think: A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability 2nd Edition by Steve Krug 2005

Good place to start if you've never thought about navigation etc.

Designing Interfaces by Jenifer Tidwell published by O'Reilly 2005

From author's experiece designing interfaces for the Math Works; very sophisticated; will be most appreciated by tose with a visual deign sense

The Non-Designer's Design Book by Robin Willams published by Pechpit Press 1994

I like this outstanding book even better than her Non-Designer's Web Book; basic principles on layout, mixing fonts etc. Short and wonderful

Web Style Guide: Basic Design Principles for Creating Web Sites; Second Edition by Patrick J. Lynch and Sarah Horton; Yale University Press 2002

Classic guide for graphic designers; also available on- line (see below)

Articles

The Basics of Page Layout

Basic - which is a good place to start. Links at the bottom to other information

On the same site is good advice about balance, contrast,etc. and also about creating designs which serve the sites' goals.

Things Every Web Designer Should Know

Also reminds you about guides or making your site efective, and reminds you of how little we scan rather than read on?line.

Design Principles: Alignment

Compare screenshots of various alignments with a brief discussion of them.

Lynch and Horton on Page Design

This chapter of their on?line book is meaty, not difficult, but not casual reading.

Visual vs structural approach to page design

Graceful degration and progressive enhancement

For advanced coders;article continues.

AListApart

Has articles on writing for the web and also on layout and many other topics including maps

AListApart is a professional web designers' site but their articles are quite accessible.

On-line writing style

From Lynch and Horton's classic book

How to write headlines, page titiles and subject lines

WQriting effective links

The F-shaped pattern for reading on the web

From Jakob Nielsen, one of the great gurus of usability. (Note: This pattern is know for web pages, but may not apply to smartphones.)

How visuals draw attention

Interesting and subtle

Tips for fast-loading pages

Useful for large pages/sites; from Mozilla

Checklist for creating web pages

The all important back button

Links near the bottom lead to more articles about navigation

Slash - getting URLs right

Screen resolution and page layout

Checkboxes vs. Radio Button

Article by Jakob Nielsen, the great guru of usability.

His web site has many articles on usability, including

The Top 10 mistakes of web design and the all-important Usability 101. Also annual lists of best and worst web sites.

Useability checklist for forms

Good advice!

Usability.gov

Many articles, templates and lots of good advice about usability.

Includes information about the process of developing a site

as well as on planning, writing, programming and usability testing.

A treasure trove of information.

Interaction design

A very sophisticated article from the usability experts at User Interface Enginneering

They also offer a free newsletter with usability tips.

Please also see tools for accessibility below

Site Design.
Please be sure to also read about Responsive Web Design (design for all screen sizes and devices) in the CSS Section

Books

Information Architecture for the World Wide Web 3rd Edition by Peter Morville, Louis Rosenfeld, 2006

For designing very large sites; very current - tagging etc.

Articles

Art and the Zen of Web Sites

Humorous but very on-target advice (OK, we don't advocate tables for layout any more, but the rest of the advice is great.)

Dmitry's Design Lab

Great advice on site design, navigation, etc. Great place to start

Web Style Guide

On-line version of Horton and Lynch's classic book, now in its 3rd edition

Good advice on everything from typography to navigation and on to site design

A complete course! Also further references

Navigation advice

From evolt.org

Where Am I?

Good advice on navigation

Navigational State of Confusion

The difference between navigational and iterative tasks ? and links to many other design articles

What makes for a good site?

How to drive your readers away

Showcase of 83 navigations

Beautiful graphics but the coding is variations on a few themes

Articles on site design, layout and graphic design

From AListApart (site oriented to graphic artists).

Designing the Obvious

Excerpt from Hoekman's book of the same name; continues at part 2 and part 3

Optimizing Flow in Web Design

Excerpt from Andrew King's book of the same title

Choosing a CMS - What you Need to Know

Choosing a CMS (Content Management System): needed for large or active sites

Drupal Powerful open source CMS

David Mercer's book Drupal: Creating Blogs, Forums, Portals, And Community Websites has been well reviewd, as has his book on Drupal 6

Typo3 is another open source CMS

Google WebMaster Tool to generate a site map, and many other webmaster tools

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Tools for Accessibility - e.g. for color-blind and low-vision users

General tools and articles

Web Accessibility Initiative

W3c's links to everything you could need to know about accessibility problems on-line and how to address them, inclduing standards for accessible web design, accessibility principles and barriers, tools and tests, and tutorials.

The w3c.org also has a Content Accessibility Curriculum on accessibility

Mozilla has a series of excellent articles and tutorials on its site

Google has a similar site

Google also has a page on reviewing a site for accessibility

Google and Microsoft use the axe tool for checking accessibility. This site has a suite of tools to help with development and testing.

pally is a similar tool.

ally is a similar tool, which integrates with LMS like Moodle and Blackboard.

The U.S. government has accessibility standards and advice on creating accessible websites

The Carnegie Museums have a very helpful website on accessibility, with everything from an overview of the types of disabilities to consider to best practices and specific code to incorporate on your site.

Ryerson University in Canada has published several free books on this topic.

Accessibiility standards, issues, recommendations

This site, from the U. of Minnesota - Duluth, is one of the most complete references available on this subject. They also publish a newsletter on web design, with special attention to accessibility and usability. It is an excellent go-to place for specific topics, with sections for buttons, forms, links, carousels and slide shows, semantic HTML, tables, and, of course, testing and checklists.

The DO—IT Project at the U. Washington has a host of materials about universal design and making education accessible

And teaching accessibility issues. Their video on teaching accessibility is a model for what can be done.

For example, they have a video on how to make videos accessible.

Web Standards

Webstandards.org is devoted to affordable accessibility for all.

The Web Almanac has an excellent chapter on accessibility

Bruce Lawson has an accessibility checklist

His material is always worth reading

Tetralogical has a short but useful checklist on accessibility

websitesetup.org has an accesibility checklist

Articles on ARIA compliant accessible forms and links:

ovl.design shows how to make your form inputs accessible.

Another similar article is at, by Ire Aderinokun, who writes quite a bit about these issues and may be followed on twitter.

A similar article, but which includes more html elements, is from css-tricks

Smashing magazine has a set of tutorials on accessible web page components. This is very complete, but requires some sophistication.

deque.com shows you how to make your links accessible.

Scott A O'Hara has made a number of accessible links and other widgets available to us

Not surprisingly, the w3c has information about landmarks and sectioning and roles for accordians

freecodecamp.org has an article on accessible forms.

CSS and accessibility is discussed by:

Peter-Paul Koch who is always worth following

Jared Spool, who is also worth following, with attention to css grid. This article continues on Mozilla's page on the same topic.

Pages which change dynamically can be problematic. Solutions to this are described at:

bitsocode.de shows you how to make pages which change aria-compliant.

You can find aria compliant accordians and more accordians

How to use microdata to improve accessibility

Hiding elements and accessibility

A plug-ins for accessible jQuery — tool tips, accordians, hide and show, etc.

An older but useful article about making ajax work for accessibility.

An article on keyboard accessibility and jQuery.

Please also see the section on the links on semantic HTML

Tools related to vision

Ben Robertson has a fine article on designing for screen readers

DZone has a similar, shorter article

Microsoft has instructions on how to simulate color blindness in your browswer

This works particularly well in Firefox, on a test page

They also have tools geared towards Edge

Toptal has a site to filter and test your page which is easy to use.

Color Deficient Vision

See how your site looks to someone who is color-blind with links (at bottom) to transforming tools.

Color-blind simulator

Testing and tools for color blind users

Microsoft reference on color blindness

Older but very useful article

Web documentation for aural style sheets

From w3.org

Creating accessible tables from the w3c.org

How to create tables (for tabular information, not for layout) which work for Braille readers, cell phones, etc.

This is a free service which validates for conformance to accessibility rules.

Lynx Viewer

Lynx is a text-only browser.

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Search Engines and Getting Found

SearchEngines.com - search engine rankings and search engine optimization tips.

Largest site on search engines; newsletters etc. How to get found and news

Search Engines: What's the Difference?

Google vs. Yahoo vs. Ask

Goodies to Go! Overview of Search Engines

How Search Engines Work

Several pages, including good information you'll want to know on how they rank pages

Major Search Engines and Directories

Major search engines and how to get listed

Before You Write Meta Tags

Uses for meta-tags, including general and internal search engines

w3schools has examples.

How to write meta-tags for search engines and for site management

The impact of links and link text on search engine placement

Getting found

Search Engine Optimatization techniques a short introduction

10 Tips for Optimizing a Web Page for Search Engines

A clear explanation in a longer article

Google's Adwords Tool and Keywords Tool

Allows you to test keywords and also make suggestions. Invaluable!

Google has tips for using the tools, as does ProBlogger

Google also has a PageRank checker

What is a link farm

And why being listed on one makes it harder to get found and how to stay away from them

Web Analytics

Introduction to the terms in web analytics ? which is about analyzing the visits to your site.

See also what they can track and many links on both pages

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CSS or Cascading Style Sheets 

Books and Documentation for CSS

Please note that many sites are a combination of tutorials, articles, documentation, examples and information about tools. All these are found in the Links and Resources for CSS section, so be sure to check out that section too.
As of 2021 the current version of CSS is CSS3, but in late 2020 a group formed to work on CSS4 and CSS5.

Books, in addition to CSS coverage in (X)HTML books and DOM coverage in JavaScript books

CSS: The Definitive Guide 4th Edition by Eric A. Meyer and Estelle Weyl published by O'Reilly 2017

Sophisticated and best after you know some CSS; also a fine reference

Eric Meyer has also written "CSS Pocket Reference" 5th edition, published in 2018.

The Zen of CSS Design: Visual Enlightenment for the Web The Zen of CSS Design: Visual Enlightenment for the Web 2005

Book version of the famous web site; lots of information

The w3c maintains a short list of books and tutorials on CSS.

They also date the material and tell you what level it is at.

The superb site at the University of Minnesota has a list of good CSS books, although they don't specify the level of the books.

Douglas Bowman has a page of books and favorite sites worth following

Bowman is the Creative Director at Twitter and well worth following.

Documentation

W3C on CSS has all the documentation and standards

Documentation there has detailed information about how the cascade is implemented, colors, media queries, etc.

CSS3 was introduced in 2010 and is implemented on all desktop browsers; You can check quirksmode.com or caniuse.com for odd features on mobile browsers.

CSS Validator from w3c.org

CSS Cheat Sheets

A particularly good one for CSS3 is fromVeign courtesy of Smashing Magazine.

Dzone has CSS refcards.

Dzone requires a free registration, but has excellent cards. Its cards on the core, selectors, and the box model are older but still excellent.

The w3 table of extended color keywords in CSS3, as part of their color module spec.

Case sensitivity:

Theoretically,per the w3c, css is case insensitive, including for properties and values, but in per Mozilla this may not always happen in practice, especially in XHTML.

A selection of CSS cheat sheets and reference tables:

htmlcheatsheet.com has a compact cheat sheet

As does lesliefranke.com

websitesetup.org has a very clear cheat sheet

hackr.io is similar

hostinger.com embeds their cheat sheet in a tutorial

There is also a Veign cheat sheet for CSS2 but still useul.

htmlhelp has an organized, clickable list of properties

And CSS structure and rules

The w3.org has Web documentation for aural style sheets

CSS Reference from w3schools

Their tutorials are very useful, and so are their references.

When you click on a property group you get a table which tells you which version of CSS first got that selector, etc.

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**

Tutorials & Articles for CSS

Learning CSS

Books,tutorials, etc. on CSS from w3c.org

Starting with HTML + CSS

A first look at CSS from w3c.org; good place to start.

CSS Tutorial

From w3schools.com; another excellent introduction.

Tutorial Republic has an excellent set of tutorials

From beginning to advanced, and with reference guides.

htmldog.com has a tutorial

There is more information about things like rounded corners, but no CSS grid, so perhaps better for graphic designers

Tutorialspoint is similar

Mozilla has an excellent set of tutorials and reference material

Like all of Mozilla's site, it assumes some experience in programming, but is very clear.

Mozilla's very wonderful Web Technology for Developers is being reorganized, so you may find yourself being redirected.

Dave Raggett's Introduction to CSS

This older article does not cover styling tables, but is a fine place to start.

RichInStyle.com CSS2 tutorial is another good but older tutorial.

Beginner's Guide to CSS is similar

Linking your style sheets to your html page

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) By Example: CSS Resources

Fine set of tutorials and links

Tutorial from EchoEcho.com

Basic, clear. Many links on site: tools, forums, reference links.

MaxDesign's tutorials

This is a wonderful set of tutorials from beginner through intermediate; they set the instructions in the context of the standards so as to lead to real understanding.

HTML Goodies' Reference has clear articles but no tutorials

Articles on how to link, classes vs id etc basic but very clear

Tutorial on internationalization and CSS3 from w3c.org

The Brain Jar on Positioning with CSS

There are other tutorials here too - e.g. on DOM and on using CSS

CSS Grid is an important tool for Responsive Web Design, and also for simplifying positioning.
There are tutorials at:

Elastic and Fluid CSS is an alternative tool now that screens come in so many sizes.

There is a clear short introduction at elastic layouts, with the code.

Speckyboy has many tools and examples

Should you abandon tables for layout?

Almost always and here's why

Case study of using CSS and JavaScript to design a menu bar

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Links and Resources for CSS - Including Sample Layout Sources, Best Practices and Browser-Specific Tags

W3C home page on CSS

Links to articles, tutorials, documentation, roadmaps of what's coming, news, etc.

Learning CSS

Books and articles on learning CSS

W3C Core Styles

8 style sheets on w3c's server which you can link to from your pages.

CSS Based Design

By Jeremy Keith, author of the wonderful DOM Scripting book

Many references on CSS

From Web design Group at htmlhelp.com; also a link to further references and a CSS Checker

U. of Minnesota - Duluth organizes everything

This well-organized site has tutorials on CSS, information on (literally) everything from headers to footers and everything in between.

They also have links to their sites on JavaScript, XML etc.

Open Directory - Computers: Data Formats: Style Sheets: CSS

Many links for HTML, XHTML and CSS

CSS Pointers

Another large compendium of articles, FAQs, tools, etc. For the Pros.

WDVL: Designing CSS Web Pages

Tutorials and recommended ' Designing CSS Web Pages', 2-part article on knowing who your audience is and how to design for it. Also CSS Resources at other sites

All CSS articles from About.com

Sidebars on CSS etc. for developers

These tools disappeared from Netscape's DevEdge site, and Mozilla has brought them back into its archives; the archives also have their CSS Central

CSS Validator From w3c

SelectOracle

Tells you what a complex selector does

Site for Eric Meyer, the great guru of CSS

He wrote the books on CSS (or at least two of the best). If you're going to be a power user it's worth checking his blog. You can also subscribe to the CSS-discuss mailing list and check out his cutting edge site.

CSS Zen Garden

This is the most amazing site of examples of what you can do with CSS. One page is transformed by over 900 style sheets. (Check the archives.)These are all done by professional graphic artists, but we can all admire them. They also have an excellent list of resources.

Daily Fun is similar to Zen Garden - i.e. many stylesheets for one page, but I prefer the ZenGarden.

Another amazing list of CSS resources is at Holy CSS Zeldman!

In addition to many CSS links, there are also links on JavaScript and AJAX.

It seems to me that you can find everything here: tutorials, books, sites, galleries at other sites (e.g. CSS Zen Garden), hints, etc.

www.friendlybit.com

has many articles on CSS, HTML and JavaScript,

including a Beginner's Guide to CSS, and some simple templates .

Advanced CSS Resources

Lots of good information, including properties, a clear explanation of the cascade, and tables on browser support. You may need to click through lots of pages to get to what you want.

Litmus, formerly CSS Vista

Tool to test your CSS in IE and Firefox at the same time. Account is free.

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CSS Documentation and articles

Many topics and useful resources. Covers CSS1 and CSS2.

A trick/tool for debugging CSS

Examples of well-designed sites

New York Public Library Style Guide

CSS Pointers Authoring Tools

Also has information about browsers and XSL tools.

Codestyle.org

A site for developers; be sure to check their XHTML page too, as its FAQs include CSS questions.

CSS Best Practices

Good starting advice

Good classic advice (e.g. use comments, keep things tidy) which everyone should follow.

Introductory best practices with very elegant style for organizing and commenting your CSS.

Some former Yahoos have provided advice, starting out with 30 CSS Best Practices for Beginners

This also leads to a tutorial on object oriented CSS, which is intermediate level.

Another Yahoo offers Best practices for CSS and HTML. This is a rich site with many resources CSS (tempaltes, grids, etc.) and a tutorial for object oriented CSS.

Be sure to watch the video from this author Breaking good habits and see the related article on "Best Preactices Are Kiling Us"by another Yahoo. Luke Wroblewski, who is always worth listening to, has blogged about this.

CSS3 Best Practices emphasizes broswer support charts and how to test for browser specific prefixes. Good general advice, too.

Another good set of CSS3 best practices

Google CSS guide codifies the best practices they use.

Please note that many people, including me, disagree with omitting the optional closing tags. It develops very poor habits, especially if you ever need to use XHTML or polyglot code. There is a discussion of this issue here. Otherwise, this is a great guide.

Microsoft provides coding practices for large team projects.

Excellent advice for people who work on large projects or on projects others may need to maintain. Great examples of useful comments. Like others, she emphasizes the use of multiple classes, and she discusses matters such as whether or not to alphabetize.

Yahoo provides best practices for speeding up your site

So[histicated advice for those building large or complex sites.

Sample layouts:

Free_CSS has over 250 free templates

Some of the later ones are fluid layouts; they have a section devoted to responsive layouts. It takes time to go through these layouts, but they have pretty much everything.

Max Design has downloadable layouts

His layouts are accessible and often responsive.

It is also worth going to the home page for recent articles and slide decks on CSS and HTML.

My Responsee has a large collection of layouts

It is easy to scroll through and they show the layout for various screen sizes.

cssauthor has an 500 responsive laouts which you can scroll through

Dreamtemplate has some free templates in additon to their subscription service.

CSS Layouts

On-going blog about types of layouts, problems and hacks. Not elementary and some of it (e.g. about IE) is dated..

A few basic layouts with explanations

From the always elegant CSS Play. Includes responsive layouts

Layouts which are heavy on images are at FreshTemplate

Other image heavy layouts are from templated.co and justfreetemplates' and html5up and Wix. Most on these sites are responsive.

Speckyboy focuses on Fluid and elastic grid templates. and on responsive ones.

CSS Showcase

Gallery of very professional looking menus, tabs and layouts; also articles

CSS Drive

Reviewed and unreviewed designs. You need to work a bit to get to the code.

Sample table layouts styled with CSS may be found at:

TutorialsPoint has a dozen basic w3.css layouts, a set of table layouts from w3schools

Freehtmldesigns has elegant designs, but you may need to link at codepen.io to find the code.

uicookies has many free designs, but you'll need to read their FAQs to find out how to reach the code.

W3C Core Styles

Very basic

CSS in Different Browsers

Please also see Browsers section under XHTML Resources for information on usage and places to download all browsers.

Which CSS Properties are implemented in which browsers?

Far and away the best CSS content and selector implementation tables are from quirksmode.com

This site also has CSS Rules Compatability tables are from quirksmode.com, with information about what browser support the ability to change rules in the style sheets.
It is also the best source for mobile browser capabilties.

Access to all quirksmode tables for DOM and HTML5 implementations in various browsers is also nearby.

Table showing which browser support which CSS features

Very useful

The w3schools maintains a table of CSS properties implemented in various browsers.

The alphabetized table is easy to use, but it does not include information about mobile browsers.

Microsoft has detailed tables about IE implementations for various versions of IE.

Implementation of CSS3 pseudoclasses table goes only as far as IE7.

A quick table of CSS properties and selectors implemented in various browsers.

Easy to use and also has a similar table for new HTML5 tags (web forms) and capabilities (web applications) but it appears not to include mobile borwsers.

Upsdell keeps current information on CSS in browsers and on related (HTML5 and JS) issues.

They do not discourage broswer sniffing, but they are a useful source for staying current.

Fonts commonly found in various browser is a useful chart - so your choices are more likely to not default to the browser's choices

Legacy browsers and legacy code

In the bad old days we did a lot of "browser sniffing" and hacked to get similar styling on various browsers. Fortunately, browser sniffing and browser hacks are now considered poor style. Instead, use Modernizer to detect capabilities.

These links may be useful if you need to maintain or update code from that era.

Old Hacks for various browsers and CSS

This enormous list of hacks also has (near the top of the page) links to sites which summarize hacks.

It also lists various specific (recent) hacks with their effects and the browsers they target.

This wiki is maintained by CSS-discuss.

What browsers support in CSS and how to Display Stylesheets Dynamically

What browsers support what features and links on work-arounds for older browsers. Useful for legacy broswers, but does not include even IE8.

The Box Model Hack

One of the oldest and most famous hacks.

Links to Brain Jar's clear explanation, and others.

CSS in Different Browsers

Long article (current as of 2006) discussing the issue.

No tabular summary, but links to those for current browsers at Webdevout and for 2003 and older browsers at Blooberry

Devout.net

Browser support for CSS and CSS hacks, last updated as 2009.

Survey of font usage by browser

Another useful source. See also their summary.

Equivalent fonts for PCs and Macs

Nice +    - chart makes it easy to choose

CSS2 Generated Content

:before and :after; does not work in IE6 or IE7

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• JavaScript +    -

  • Books and Documentation for JavaScript +    -

    • Books +    -

      Please note that books published before 2016 will not have any information about ES6.

      Also, as of March 2017 many features of ES6 such as let, arrow notation, const, are not supported in most browsers.
      Note the new features in ES6 and check out any one you want to use in caniuse.com or at Cody Lindey's site, or use babel
      More information is in the ES6 section, under Advanced JavaScript

      
      

      Teach Yourself JavaScript in 24 Hours, 5th edition by Michael Moncur published by SAMS, 2012

      While the first 3 editions were clear (but for novices), the last two editions are clear but go further. Highly recommended if you've never used JavaScript

      JavaScript: The Complete Reference, 3rd Edition by Thomas Powell and Fritz Schneider published by Osborne 2012

      Not quite as complete as the Bible(directly below), but easier to read. I use both.

      The JavaScript Bible 7th Edition by Danny Goodman and Michael Morrison published by Wiley 2010

      An invaluable reference; very clear on even abstruse items; earlier edition was very clear on the DOM, including coverage on non'standards compliant browsers

      JavaScript: The Definitive Guide 6th Edition by David Flanagan, published by O'Reilly 2011

      Another excellent book; includes JSON, Ajax and the new HTML5 tags (like SVG) which use JavaScript

      Eloquent JavaScript by Marijn Haverbeke is also available free on line

      Best for people with previous programming experience; includes modules and Node.js

      DOM Scripting: Web Design with JavaScript and the Document Object Model by Jeremy Keith published by APress 2005

      A wonderful description of the DOM and how to make it work for you; also builds the basis for Ajax

      JavaScript: The Good Parts by Douglas Crockford published by Yahoo Press 2008.

      A breath takingly wonderful book for more sophisticated use of JavaScript by one of Yahoo!'s big gurus and the inventor of JSON. Many parts of this are in video format on YouTube and the the Yahoo! Video library but you will also want to own the book.

      You don't know JS Yet by Kyle Simpson is a wonderful set of 6 small books on advanced JavaScript concepts; the earlier edition is You Don't Know JS>

      They include a sophisticated discussion of closures and this. Available on gitub and in dead tree format at bookstores. Like Douglas Crockford's book, they cut to the essentials and can be read more than once. Includes ES6. This book is invaluable.

      Understanding ECMAScript 6 by Nicholas Zakas

      Is an excellent, clear book, somewhat more elementary that Kyle Simposon's book; it is available through LeanPub and Amazon

      Get Programming with JavaScript Next by JD Isaaks

      Another excellent book at the level of the one above. Also available thru Manning.com

      Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja — 2nd edition by John Resig, Bear Bibeault and Josip Maras

      Clear explanations of many subtleties. Also available from Safari Books on the ACM site.

      javascript.com has an extensive collection of free resources and books

      Eloquent JavaScript and the Kyle Simpson books are available here, as are many others under the free books page; on that page books are tagged as to level - some are very sophisticated.

      Speaking JS by Axel Rauschmayer

      For after you have mastered the basics; very clear, but not as advanced as Kyle Simpson, etc. Goes through ES5; For ES6 see his Exploring ES6

      JavaScript Succinctly is very succinct; more of a reference guide than a tutorial

      Finally jsbooks.revolunet has many free books, described by level of expertise required.

      Includes ES6, Node, some frameworks, etc. Worth checking periodically.

      
      
      

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    • Documentation including older and newer versions +    -

      ECMA—International.org

      ECMA owns the standards for JavaScript (whose official name is ECMAScript).
      All browsers have implemented ECMA5; they are working on ECMA6 (also known as ES6) but as of April 2017 it is partially implemented in some browsers. ES7 has been released, and ES8 is supposedly due in 2018.

      Their site hosts the official documentation for the most recent version and also all older versions

      Mozilla's JavaScript Guide

      Description of the language organized in digestible chunks. Ranges from the basic to the more sophisticated (e.g. hoisting).

      Mozilla's Core JavaScript Reference

      Contains information about what is implemented in various versions.

      Also contains information about LiveConnect, the way to link Java and JavaScript code.

      JavaScript Resources from Mozilla

      Also Mozilla's Language resources for JavaScript has information about various releases, etc. Not for beginners.

      Access page for all Mozilla's documentation, forums and articles on JavaScript including a detailed description of the interfaces for various elements

      You can also find documentation,language specification, and tutorials for ES5 and ES6 at websitetips.com

      The w3c documentation for the DOM

      The DOM model From JavaScript Kit

      Reference on JavaScript From JavaScript Kit last updated Sept. 2015

      c

  • Tutorials and Articles for JavaScript +    -

    • Basic JavaScript Tutorials +    -

      HTML Goodies' series of tutorials on JavaScript

      First the 'Primers' and then the 'Basics' (which go thru AJAX)

      Javascript tutorial from w3schools.com

      Always an easy place to start

      Mozilla on JavaScript

      This is a series of tutorials from basic to advanced forums, as well as links to documentation.

      If you have already programmed you might want to start with Mozilla's "Reintroduction to JavaScript"

      html.net has older but very clear tutorials on JavaScript

      Nicely labeled and going as far as an introduction to jQuery and AJAX

      Tutorials and articles from WebReference

      Many tutorials from 'JavaScript for non-programmers' to AJAX. (Columns 12-15 inclusive). Excellent resource; includes links to Mozilla pages just above and other collections. Be sure to check out the collections and the archives. Some tutorials are older

      Tutorials and references from U. Minn- Duluth

      Enormous list of tutorials and articles from the general to the specific;includes useful pages such as list of reserved words and some links to book excerpts; regrettably, no description of the links

      Be sure to scroll down to see the many subsections ranging from the elementary to the advanced. This site is also particularly strong on accessibility considerations.

      Tutorials from WebKnowHow

      About 20 tutorials, mostly for the beginner

      Starting here thenewboston has a slow series of video tutorials, or you can check the playlist

      Derekbanas has a series of tutorials. is a fast tutorial with links to his slower one

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    • Basic JavaScript Articles +    -

      Local vs. Global Variables

      Clearly described; from mredkj.com Also other interesting examples — e.g. to change tables, validate forms, etc.

      How to set and read cookies

      Also htmlgoodies on cookies

      And What Cookies are and how they work From HowStuffWorks; Be sure to see next page too.

      How to est and retreive cookies from html.net

      Properly using CSS and JavaScript with XHTML

      With examples

      The following articles on the DOM show how to manipulate it without jQuery; (by now most folks use jQuery)

      The w3c documentation for the DOM

      What is the DOM? A clear explanation from Mozilla and their DOM inspector tool

      Fetching Remote Data (in zML) from a Server with DOM - advanced, but many good Ajax articles now for this task

      Preloading Images with DOM — complex

      BrainJar

      This is the site that brought you their DOM viewer; tutorials and tools. Small but worthwhile

      Web Reference on JavaScript

      Searchable archive of articles and tutorials from elementary to advanced intermediate; some are older but still appropriate and clear.

      AListApart articles on scripting

      Focus is on implementing a smooth professional appearance

      WebDeveloper

      Hosts many forums, including one on JavaScript

      Also has a searchable archive of articles on JavaScript which returns too many irrelevant articles

      Tutorials, references etc. Appears to be geared toward the novice

      Form validation has gotten easier with HTML5

      Form validation the old fashioned way

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    • Advanced JS Tutorials and Articles --General +    -

      As mentioned in the book section, You don't know JS Yet by Kyle Simpson and the earlier edition Your Don't Know JS

      A wonderful set of 6 small books on advanced JavaScript concepts, including closures and this. They are available on gitub.

      John Resig has an advanced tutorial

      Some of this may be also in his and Bear Bibeault's book Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja

      The book (available through Safari Books on the ACM site) is also excellent.

      JS in 10 Minutes by Spencer Tipping is free.

      Be sure to read the footnotes as the author introduces terms and concepts on the fly

      javaScript Jedis is more a quick summary and check on what to learn next

      Another checklist with short descriptions of JavaScript features for the knowledgeable

      JavaScript Garden has short descriptions of the key advanced features, but only through ES5

      LearnCode.acadmey has a series of tutorials 'What makes JavaScript weird and awesome'

      Douglas Crockford: his video lectures are classics

      There are many articles including ones on coding style and conventions. Well worth exploring

      There are three sets of classic videos: the original lecture on JavaScript: The Good Parts, an 8 part series on JavaScript, and a 3 part series more focused on the browser.
      You can find all of these plus a few more are here as a playlist. There are also links under vimeo here.

      If you prefer to access them separately, here is JavaScript: the Good Parts

      The whole set of the 8 part series on JavaScript and the individual lectures are at:

         1. The Early Years

         2. And Then There Was JavaScript

         3. Function the Ultimate

         4. Ajax the Metamorphesis

         5. The End of All Things

         6. Loopage

         7. ECMAScript 5 - the New Parts

         8. Programming and Your Brain

      The 3-part Trilogy, more oriented to the browser, may be viewed as the whole set or individually at:

         The JavaScript Programming Language

         An Inconvenient API - the Theory of the DOM

         Advanced JavaScript

      A more recent set of lectures on JavaScript: The Better Parts discusses ES6 and is also in several other places with downloadable slides and without here or here.

      You can also find more recent Crockford videos on youtube, including a short one on JSON

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    • Advanced JavaScript Articles - Specific Topics +    -

      • Functions, closure and this +    -

        Coming soon. Meanwhile, see The Functions Page of my course.

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      • Objects and prototypical inheritance +    -

        Coming soon. Meanwhile,see The Objects Page of my course.

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      • Ajax without jQuery +    -

        Simple introduction to AJAX without jQuery from html.net

        About.com has another simple introduction

        Detailed, clear explanation of the XMLHttprequestObject

        This article helps you understand what is going on under the hood

        w3c and Mozilla have detailed specs on the XMLHttpRequestObject; not for beginners;

        the fields in the object are described in the specs.

        Understanding AJAX is an older but clear article

        You will need to understand the difference between GET and POST (also see the section on < a href='#ServerSide'>server side programming)

        Some older (because the trend is to implement AJAX with jQuery) simpler tutorials are at:

        How to Use Ajax from Peachpit, which caters to graphic designers

        Ajax Tutorial from Tizag; similar to that at w3schools

        Getting Started with AjaxFrom A List Apart. One example uses innerHTML (not supported by assistive broswers), but a richer example than most tutorials

        XUL.fr/en/ has Ajax tutorials, demos, and a list of frameworks. Beware of deprecated functions, although the site is still being updated.

        U. Minn. &mdash: Duluth has an extensive list of articles and tutorials, but sadly without descriptions.

        IBM has an extensive set of articles on AJAX, usually more advanced. Searchable

        Mozilla also has a searchable set of advanced articles on AJAX

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      • ES6 and beyond +    -

        • ES6 books and documentation +    -

          content for ES6 books and docs coming soon

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        • ES6 tutorials +    -

          content for ES6 tutorials coming soon

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        • ES6 articles +    -

          content for ES6 articles coming soon

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      • Miscellaneous Advanced Articles +    -

        The are a number of sites where users can post questions:

        Stack Overflow is one of the best

        comp.lang.javascript is still going strong

        Experts Exchange - another community

        Sitepoint has a forum, as do the publishers WROX (programmer 2programmer), , CodingForum, and

        Tek-Tips;  

        Evolt also maintains a list and forum.

        javascript.com/news has sophisticated posts of solutions the pros find to problems

        javascript.com has many free books and tutorials on their resources page

        JavaScriptKit has a searchable set of tutorials, references, free scripts and a forum

        True vs. Truthy and == vs ===

        Type conversion and == vs. === Clear explanation

        SitePoint explains true vs. truthy

        Mozilla on true vs. truthy

        Many examples of true vs. truthy

        Mozilla explains == vs. ===

        Snippets of Josh has simple summary of == vs. ===

        Microsoft details all JavaScript operators, including == cs. ===

        There are several good, searchable blogs:

        htmlgoodies includes jquery and other frameworks

        Remy Sharp focuses on jQuery, but is always worthwhile

        DZone has many short excellent articles and their RefCardz

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  • jQuery, Express and other front end libraries and frameworks +    -

    • jQuery +    -

      • jQuery books and documentation +    -

        Documentation

        The main jQuery site links to the learning center. and, of coures, the very useful and clear documentation.

        There is a chapter About jQuery, which leads to Using Core jQuery, with useful FAQs, and a tutorial, but unless you have used jQuery before, I would begin with one of the tutorials below.
        It should be pointed out that jQuery has wonderful online documentation which will answer most of your questions once you have learned something about this library. They have also made the code available in an easy to read format on their site
        and at a variety of other sites.
        

        Finally, there are jQuery forums, which are also available from the learning site, and a blog about upcoming changes, such as dropping support for old browsers.

        The official documentation, which is very clear and has useful examples

        This page shows the API for the jQuery Core, and has links to the APIs for jQuery Mobile, jQuery UI (User Interface) and Unit Testing.

        Alternative jQuery documentation provides expandable menus which finally lead you to the method you want and its documentation; downloadable

        Examples many methods Easy to follow, but older and so may not incorporate newer features.

        jQueryLint runs on top of jQuery and reports usage errors

        The blog at jquery.com will keep you abreast of current developments.

        Current (early 2017) version is 3.2.1 .

        There are several good cheat sheets out there, but watch out for the version (check on jquery.com).

        Dzone Recardz onjQuery Selectors from the authors of jQuery in Action. Dzone has hundreds of searchable short aritcles

        While jQuery uses all the CSS selectors, it has also added selector extensions

        jQuery github page

        jQuery cheat sheet from websitesetup.org

        Cheat sheet from Oscar Otero it has current and previous versions!(Select the version in the top bar)

        jQuery cheat Sheet from makeawebsitehub.com

        A compact, organized summary of all the functions available in jQuery.

        OverAPI is similar with links to api.jquery.com

        
        

        Books

        About jQuery, my own book,

        soon also to be on github was written for those new to jQuery

        jQuery Fundamentals is a good place to start if you've never used jQuery

        But sadly needs to be updated for a few functions like bind which are deprecated.

        The other books get to complex code fairly quickly. Alternatively, start with a on—line tutorial

        'Learning jQuery' by Jonathon Chaffer and Karl Swedborg is a good first book,once you've seen a very basic introduction.

        Unforturnately each edition becomes more complex and less accessible for someone new to jQuery

        'Learning jQuery' is currently available on the ACM's Safari book site.

        The book is from Packt Publishing, and is available there too.

        A bit more advanced, 'jQuery in Action' by Bear bibeault, Yehuda Katz, and Auewlio de Rosa is a good second book.

        It is available on the ACM Safari book site and also from the publisher, Manning and thru DealFuel, as well as the ususal book sites.

        jQuery Enlightenment and jQuery Succinctly by Cody Lindy

        Free books for going beyond the introductory level; also available at on line.

        Similar material, but the succinctly book is, not suprisingly, more succinct.

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      • jQuery tutorials and articles +    -

        This section includes some older articles because of their clarity. Any reference to jQuery version 1.x may include deprecated methods or use of XPath and should be treated accordingly.
        
        

        On line tutorials — general These are usually an easier way to get started than the books are.

        w3schools of course.

        CodeAcademy if you like their tutorials; I find them too rigid for my style of picking and choosing what I want.

        Older, short introduction to jQuery

        jQuery Basics from John Resig. Assumes you know more about programming than the one above, but excellent for brushing up. Moves quickly.

        Great introduction to what jQuery is about and why you should use it

        jQuery.com's own quick initiial tutorial is a bit telegrahpic. The core tutorial will help.

        A complete jQuery tutorial

        is a gentle clear tutorial.

        Basic tutorial through version 2.1.1

        Treehouse has basic and further tutorials - but only a free trial

        Smashing Magazine introduction is straightforward and clear, but you should reference a current version

        Tutorialspoint tends to be useful as a reference when you need to check out some details than to learn from the first time. That said, their sites are very useful.

        4-part tutorials on jQuery fundamentals from Jan Jorgenson. Excellent for experienced programmers.

        The next few items are old — mostly lists of tutorials. They all carry the same warning about jQuery having dropped XPath selectors, and about being for ealier versions. But they have some good links.

        51 tutorials and examples.

        Includes some great bloggers. Beware that some are old and may use jQuery version 1.x

        25 Beginners' tutorials but they are old (2010) and some of the material is out of date (e.g. there are no longer XPath selectors). That said, this is a gentle set with commentary about them.

        A tutorial for web (graphic) desginers is easy to read, and gets to the fun stuff quickly, but be warned that it is old and that current jQuery no longer supports XPath notation.

        Web Monkey introduction from 2010. Enticing examples.

        Ben Nadel demos are clear but jQuery 1.3.

        You can change the demo number in the URL and get over 20 demos, watching out for deprecated methods, such as bind() and use of XPath

        An accompanying intensive exploration is clear, but with same warning

        The ACM Learning site also has jQuery tutorials.
        
        

        Video tutorials — general

        Tutor4u a very easy, basic series of nine 15 minute tutorials

        TheNewBoston has about 200 tutorials of 5 minutes each. Normally I love TheNewBoston tutorials, but some of these are not up to their usual quality. Nonetheless, they might help with specific problmes, and they have some videos on very detailed topics not covered in broader sites. Those who love Crockford books and videos (as I do) will like these too.

        JavaScript and jQuery tutorial for beginners very gradual multi-part tutorial

        Cooking with jQuery is availabe as a video presentation from the ACM's Safari Books; it is from 2010 so the same caveats as above apply.

        The phpacademy has a long series of videos on jquery, done by different people. There are videos on the basics as well as on specific effects and issues, such as onclick event handlers and call back functions

        LearnCode.Academy has fast excellent tutorials, but you should have some familiarity with jQuery first

        113 videos on jQuery: excellent, but listen carefully as there are no wasted words.
        
        

        More advanced articles, some on specific topics

        Event handling with jQuery

        click alternatives, but also check all the event pages in the jQuery API.

        How to prevent a default event and why you might want to do so. There is more information on the same issue

        Note that as of jQuery 3.0 the bind method has been deprecated in favor of the on method.

        Easy article on registering event handlers

        Events and delegation To find parts 2 and 3 and more on events go to and scroll down to the section on events.

        How jQuery changed events

        The each loop in jQuery

        The each() method for looping through an object which a jQuery query has returned. The explanation is quite clear, uses log.console(), which, if you don't use it already, is explained at here.

        jQuery official documentation of each() is quite clear

        An explanation of the subtleties in the loop binding is at the more advanced Ben Nadel site.

        Forms and form validation with jQuery

        Tutorials for using jQuery on HTML forms Several missing

        There are jQuery plugins for form validation including one from jQuery and from bootstrap.

        javascript.net has many plug—ins for validation

        Tutorials for using jQuery on HTML forms Several missing

        Of course, HTML5 has made form validation much easier. See here too

        DOM manipulation with jQuery

        All the jQuery manipulation methods from the documentation

        Traversing and Manipulating from jQuery Fundamentals, an onine book.

        jQuery—tutorial on DOM manipulation, but it fails to warn you that text() applied to a collection (as opposed to one element) will concatenate all the content. For more info on this see the book jQuery Succicntly, above.

        Interactive menus from Dzone, an excellent site.

        working with tables

        Rollovers and other effects with jQuery

        Here are some interesting links - - some of which capture the need to pre-load and others don't. Also, some use the hover() method of jQuery, others use the mouseover and mouseout events. (Either will work). If you want your alternate image to stay visible when the mouse leaves you are going to need to use the click event and toggle something. All of these use some form of string manipulation to change the name of the src file. mouseover hover event and more info and over 200 hover effects. rollover and issues with them rollover tutorial a hack for rollovers with more info rollovers with pre_loaded images

        Thumbnail plugins from jQuery plugins and jqueryscript.net, which has many recommended plugins

        Infinite scrolling with interesting asides on DOM recycling and finding the viewport

        Slide show manipulation

        jQuery and AJAX (there are also links for AJAX without jQuery under Advanced JavaScript)

        Dzone clear example including attention to Responsive Web Design

        Older introduction to AJAX with jQuery

        Video tutorial in several parts from 2010. There are several others

        Lynda.com tutorial on jQuery and Ajax; clearly distinguishes what was deprecated after version 1.8, but not later

        jenkov.com tutorial which pays attention to jQuery versions.

        Why you should prefer .ajax() to .get() or .post()

        That said, here is a Very clear explanation of .get and .post, which is useful even if you use .ajax()

        Understanding that Ajax is asynchronous and what that means for your ajax calls

        getjson method is a special case of the .ajax method. Detailed example

        jQuery Mobile and jQuery UI

        jQuery Mobile home page

        w3schools tutorial on jQuery mobile

        Clear introduction to jQuery mobile

        Smashing Magazine introduction to jQuery mobile.

        Some mobile plugins

        An update version of the excellentjQuery Mobile description .While the earlier article is from 2010 (so, for example,different browsers are supported), it is an excellent overview of jQuery Mobile. Of course, the updated one is preferred.

        jQuery and media queries

        3 jQuery mobile plugins as an introduction to these plugins

        Plug in to pick a time and date which also works on mobile

        Official homepage for UI with links to many categories of plugins.

        Note that registered plugins are now also available through npm

        The jQuery official tutorial for UI (User Interface)

        The JQuery UI blog for staying current on new developments

        Using jQuery with Modernizr and other libraries

        the official word from jQuery and their api for noconflict()

        Adobe take on jQuery with Modernizr

        On using them together

        Debugging and testing jQuery

        Firequery which is an adddon for Firebug, and other debuggers aimed at debugging jQuery

        QUint introduction for test driven development with jQuery. The official information also has examples and more links.

        jQuery Exchange is a Firefox add on for asking advanced questions about jQuery

        firepath is another Firefox addon to help edit and inspect selectors for CSS, jQuery, and XPath. Less important as jQuery no longer allows XPath selectors

        jQuery Exchange is a Firefox add on for asking advanced questions about jQuery

        Coding Standards and Best Practices for jQuery

        See also the links on JavaScript Best Practices pages

        Coding standards on JavaScript from jQuery

        Best Practices from jQuery Once you have had a little experience with jQuery this is a very useful page. BTW a CDN is a Content Delivery Network and it helps you be sure you are using the most recent version of jQuery.Highly recommended.

        Best Practices for jQuery from IBMThis is the Nov. 2013 version. It is a little more advanced and more nitty gritty than the one above, but excellent.

        jQuery Best Practices from Greg Franko. Not for newbies and not much explanation.

        Double quotes are best practices and are required for json

        More advanced, and some older

        Excellent video for experienced developers on why jQuery and what it does for you

        Short sophisticated introduction to jQuery from MSDN

        IBM has over 50 technical articles on jQuery, including on jQuery Mobile, UIs, using the DOM for data storage and other topics.

        Sitepoint has searchable articles on jQuery;some on charting, others such as What's new in jQuery 3.0 and how to use it (includes show and hide)

        jQuery maintains a pure CSS selector engine sizzle

        jqueryscript.net has recommended plugins by category

        Slide show on jQuery which will make sense after you know the essentials

        JavaScript closures in a jquery context

        An advanced blog which ended in 2013 but still has some good information

        Ryan Boudreaux has excellent but hard to find articles on jQuery on TechRepublic, such as those on getting started, ongetting objects, on filters, and on show and hide

        Earlier versions of jQuery allowed XPath selectors, as well as the CSS style ones. These tools let you convert them, as does this plug .

        The clearly written Parsing XML Data with jQuery which continues here. related article on moving between the two. Note that this refers to jQuery 1.4 and XPath selectors were removed in version 1.2

        Displaying RSS Feed content with jQuery

        Creating chartsfrom catswhocode

        Learning jQuery has articles roughly categorized, and also by level but older ones (e.g. pre 2014) may use deprecated methods.

        Many ajax and other jQuery examples but as above beware of older ones.

        Tutorials aimed at animation

        Build a tabbing system with jQuery Watch the page change as he builds it.

        40 excellent tutorials on jQuery are more about specific effects, such as slides, than about learning the library in an organized way. Article is from 2009, so some are outdated.

        Microformat handling with jQuery

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    • Express and other frameworks and libraries +    -

      Coming soon

      to Table of Contents

  • Node.js +    -

    • Node books and docs including npm +    -

      to Table of Contents

    • Node tutorials and articles +    -

      Node.js material is coming soon and will be under Server Side programming

      Meanwhile, The Reference Page of my course has references on Node

      to Table of Contents

  • Debuggers and Linters, Testing and Error Catching +    -

    The console

    The easiest debugger to use is the JavaScript Console

    In Chrome this is accessed with ctl+shift+J and there is a clear description of Chrome Developer Tools and a link to a description of the Browser Console. There is also detailed info about the Console and a An overview of the Chrome Dev Tools and a tutorial like article.

    In Firefox it is called the Web Console, and it has a clear description

    Microsoft explains how to use the F12 key for debugging using its console and on Edge

    General tutorials on the console are available at Treehouse and Blue Sky onMars

    General articles on debugging JavaScript

    DZone has a good description of debugging with a button to download the DZone Refcarz on debugging javascript

    w3schools summarizes the basics

    Beginning JavaScript Debugging

    Good introduction from WebMonkey.

    Creative Bloq has a slightly deeper introduction.

    AListApart explains throwing and catching errors in JavaScript, with a link to other related articles

    and a more advanced but older article. The tools change, but the principles don't

    Good advice about using debugging tools, although some older issues(e.g. about IE)

    More advanced tools

    Various other tools are included in some IDEs; please see Editors section

    Chrome tools from Google, including how to emulate mobile devices. Very complete and updates section of site is good place to find newest updates to Chrome and its dev tools

    of tool use is on links from here

    Slide show on some things you can get out of Chrome developer tools, but without benefit of words and more extensions in a similar slide show.

    Gentle introduction to Chrome tools

    Beyond that Lighthouse is an open-source, automated tool for improving the quality of web pages. You can run it against any page on the web. It has audits for performance, accessibility, progressive web apps, and more.

    Mozilla's tools and especially Mozilla's developer tools

    Firefox add-ons and Seamonkey add-ons, especially those for web developers, are also useful!

    See Firebug and the Web Developers package for Firefox (which includes Firebug)

    See the Web Developers package for Seamonkey and now for Chrome

    It is important to note that as of March 2017 Firebug is no longer being maintained and has been superceded by Firefox built in developer tools

    The very clear Migrating from Firebug page has instructions on how to access the functionality which was included in Firebug through the web developer tools

    There are also instructions on how to set this up in other browsers, e.g. Chrome or Safari

    DZone has a Refcardz for Firebug, but note that you now will get this functionality from the web developer tools.

    Note: Seamonkey is the developer's version of Firefox.

    Mozilla has a collection of tools from basic to performance management. Short videos on each.

    Long video tutorial which includes both firebug and chrome tools. Worthwhile

    Screencast on 2011 version of Firebug

    Chris Pederick has help on Web—Developer, for Firefox, Chrome and Opera

    Luckyvideos has a series of short videos on the various tabs in Firebug: html, css, etc.

    But remember that you will now use there panels thru the webdeveloper tools

    Short video on chrome tools

    Short video on breakpoints

    jsbin is a collaborative debugging tool created by Remy Sharp

    fire query is a tool for debugging jQuery, as an add-on for Firebug, and jQuery debugger is a Chrome add—on

    A freeware debugger from Hot Scripts

    The Freshmeat debugger, not updated after June 2014

    JavaScript Trace Window (uses GreaseMonkey in Firefox)

    Facebook has debugging and analytics tools for those developing FB apps

    Linters

    A linter is a tool which flags potential usage problems

    JSLint

    Looks for problems in JavaScript pages; check out the instructions first

    Clear description of what JSLint does from Mozilla

    JSLint plug–in for Notepad++ although later versions of Notepad++ have some problems with both JSLint and JSHint; there are work_arounds.

    There are also plug— for sublime with installation instructions

    JSHint is another code checker; this is a fork of JSLint and is less fussy.

    Documentation is helpful, or you may prefer the Treehouse tutorial on jshint.

    DZone has a clear explanation of how to install the work_arounds, and lists editors which support JSHint.

    There is a jshint pluf—in for eclipse, but evidently not a jslint one

    Testing

    SitePoint delineation of unit, functional and integration testing

    Basic testing ideas older but still valid

    Microsoft tools for testing web sites

    State of JS testing in 2016

    Links to the two most popular tools: Mocha and Jasmine

    QUnit official site for JavaScript Unit testing tool

    IBM tools for unit testing, but older

    Guide to performance testing

    Error Catching

    Handling errors according to the type of error

    continuing here

    The try ...catch syntax is explained at a basic level by w3schools and then by javascriptkit; a deeper explanation of the try..catch..finally statement comes from Mozilla and Microsoft

    to Table of Contents

  • Style Guides +    -

    Style guides and beautifiers

    With links to various guides and useful commentary

    Douglas Crockford style guide for JavaScript

    Google style guide for JavaScript and for ES6

    jQuery style guide

    Mozilla style guide

    GitHub hosts many style guides

    airbnb style guide is very popular and includes es6

    GitHub style guide

    to Table of Contents

to Table of Contents

CGI and Server-Side Scripting

General - Including Information on HTTP and TCP/IP and resources for multiple languages

HTTP and TCP/IP

HTTP

Older (1996) but very useful explanation; well organized and probably has all you need to know and then some.

TCP/IP Resources

Great list of FAQs, tutorials, and books. Kept up to date.

Overview of TCP/IP and the Internet

Current description. Starts with the history (OK to skip) but gives all the details you need if you are not a network administrator.

Primer on TCP/IP

Older (1997), but a good place to start

Another older (1998) Primer on Internet technology

Daryl's TCP/IP Primer

Goes deeper than a primer; kept up to date.

Older (1998) course on managing servers

Classic references; good description of client-server model, http, mime types etc.

IANA

Who owns what domain name, which port is what, and what the language abbreviations are

Sites with Scripts and Advice for Multiple Languages (Perl, PHP, Python, etc.)

Which Scripting and Programming Languages are People Searching about?

Monthly survey on queries about Perl, PHP, JavaScript, Java etc.

Developer.com articles on Perl, PHP, etc.

Excellent very current intermediate level articles, but you need to search. Better yet, subscribe to some of their free newsletters and be notified of new articles.

ASPN

Resource for programmers in Perl, PHP, Python, etc. Major site.

HotScripts

Articles and scripts for many languages - Perl, PHP, Python, JavaScript, XML

OnLamp.com

O'Reilly maintained site with articles and book excerpts on all the open source technologies - Linux Apache, Perl/PHP/Python, MySQL. Links to Safari books (also available free through the ACM is you are a member).

CGI Resources

Links to very many CGI scripts, mostly in Perl, and tutorials (rated by users)

DevShed Perl Tutorials, Scripts, etc.

Links to user submitted and rated scripts and articles in many languages; most free

WebReference

Intermediate to advanced articles. Includes the Mother of Perl site. Also PHP (with links at the bottom) and now starting on python

Matt's HTTP Cookie Library

And his CGI resource of thousands of CGI scripts - mostly in Perl

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CGI, including Regular Expressions - see also Perl folder

Books

CGI Programming with Perl by Gunther Birznieks, Scott Guelich, and Shishir Gundavaram 2nd edition publishd by O'Reilly 2000

Very useful book

Learning Perl 3rd edition by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Phoenix, publishd by O'Reilly 2007

Excellent way to learn enough Perl to write CGI scripts easily

The Web Wizard's Guide to Perl and CGI, The Web Wizard's Guide to PHP, both by David A. Lash, 2002

These books won't make you a great guru, but they will get you going very quickly; well-written

The next few links are overview' of CGI

Client and server

Introduction to terms

WDVL: Table of Contents on Web Programming

Tutorial on server-side programming and sending info from HTML forms. Excellent introduction . Definitely the place to start if you don't know the difference between GET and POST or need a short introduction to Perl. These tutorials, from Selena Sol, are also available at Extropia, which also has links to Perl tutorials for web developers.

WDVL: Request Headers

What's in an http header

CGI A very short overview

CGI Scripts - Writing and Using CGI

Another very elementary introduction to CGI; several short articles to read

Elementary introduction to the technologies you find server-side (ASP, Perl, PHP etc.)

Gentle Introduction to CGI

Also has many links to books and on-line resources. Updated in 2004

The Web Development Environment

An excellent introduction; less cursory than the earlier ones; you will enjoy it more if you have already heard of some of the technologies mentioned (Java, HTTP, etc.) The CGI Programming Made Easy lives up to its name.

Includes some Perl

CGI 101 another great way to get started.

Goes a bit further with Perl than some of the others

CGI Programming on the World Wide Web is the first 4 chapters of the O'Reilly book

w3c.org Introduction to CGI (older)

Other information from w3c about standards also available.

Why learn CGI?

From the people (O'Reilly) who publish a book on the subject - includes kind words about their own (excellent) book; this article is mainly motivational.

The next few articles will actually show you something you can modify and use; for more detailed information you need to go to the section on your language of choice (Perl, PHP or Python)

CGI Developer's Guide

Older, but will get you going

CGI TutorialGood introduction to CGI, environment variables, etc.

Easy introduction to CGI

Another good short introduction

CGI articles oriented towards Perl and more general CGI articles from About.com

There are many articles in the Perl and Web Design section, but you need to know what you want - e.g. guestbook - so you can search for it here.

CGI Tutorials from HTML Goodies

Very well written tutorials, but maybe dated (1/2005). For example, you are more likely to FTP your server scripts to the server than to use telnet.

The Problem of Statelessness

Validating user sessions in PHP

Good introduction to the problem of statelessness; php implementation of solutions

Form validation

Validating a form before sending it to a cgi script - mainly to be sure all fields are filled in.

The following links are to collections of articles

WebKnowHow's Tutorials, articles, scripts and books on CGI

Many (unsorted) links, many to old sites.

Webliography on CGI, Perl, etc.

Great list of links, even though many are to older articles

CGI articles from HTML Goodies

Includes codes for a guest book and for counters

Tutorials on regular expressions. Although some lean towards one language or another, regular expression syntax is pretty much the same in all the scripting languages.

Tutorial on regular expressions

Library of Regular Expressions

Regular expressions tutorial from a Python book; rather telegraphic

How to use regular expressions

Advanced (Perl) Regex tutorials - Part I, Part 2, andand documentation

PHP and regex tutorial

How to do Regex in Python

Regular-expressions Language neutral, but not elementary. Links to books.

Regular expressions and .Net

Regular expressions syntax summary Details subtle differences among languages and Unix variants.

Tutorial on Regular Expressions in Perl Very complete ; from PerlDoc

Documentation on Regular Expressions in Perl

Regular Expressions Fast and dirty reminder about regular expressions

Server-Side Includes

Tutorial on Server-side includes

Older (1995 article, last in 2002) but author says basic principles still apply

Links to many resources of Server-side includes

Including tutorials

More links to article and tutorials on server-side includes

to Table of Contents

Perl - see also CGI folder

Downloading PERL - ActivePerl  (free ) and mod_perl

You want to write your scripts in Active Perl; mod_perl is the Perl interpreter which comes free with your Apache web server

ActiveState - ActiveState products open source programming languages tools

Download site for ActivePerl

ActivePerl User Guide

In table of contents, look for "Getting Started" to see how run example.pl

Also open it in Notepad

ActivePerl Help - Online Docs : Getting Started

ActivePerl Help - Online Docs : ActivePerl FAQ

ActiveState also has PHP, Python and XSLT products

mod_perl: everything you need to know

Perl tutorials and resources include:

4 videos from the Indian Institute of Technology

CPAN is the official repository for Perl libraries and also has links to Perl tutorials and other resources

Picking up Perl a slightly older tutorial for those who prefer an introduction to Perl which discusses the language features.

The official documentation for Perl

php site and php IDE and developer tools available from Sourceforge.net, which also has Perl IDEs etc.

to Table of Contents

PERL Documentation, Tutorials and Resources

Tutorials- general

For tutorials on regular expressions please see the CGI section.

learn.perl.org: The site for people learning Perl.

Good listing of current books at all levels

Picking up Perl

Easy to use reference. More complete than elementary tutorials. 'The weekend crash course' is available through Books 24x7 e.g. at many university libraries or if you are a member of ACM.

CGI and Perl Tutroial

Another easy place to start, especially if you want all the facts quickly.

Beginning Perl Tutorial

Great place to start. From pageresource

CGI 101

Perl tutorial with focus on CGI; a quick start and good description of the environment variables

Web Programming with Perl and CGI

One of my favorites; they also have a Perl 5 Tutorial with emphasis on object oriented features and a version which links up with Java

Perl tutorial

Older, but still a good introduction.

CGI Programming Made (Relatively) Easy Using LIbraries

Another good place to start

Tizag Tutorial on Perl

Another fine place to begin learning Perl; has information on interfacing with databases, too, and chomp

Webmonkey tutorials on Perl, CGI, etc.

http://htmlgoodies.earthweb.com/primers/perl/

Perl primers from HTML Goodies

The Perl You Need To Know

Includes information on cookies and linking up to databases

Perl Monks has many tutorials

These range from the elementary to the advanced.

The useful site is very large, and, newbies will find it be easier to start with one of the places above (e.g. from pagereource.com).

Everything you ever wanted to know about perl's module cgi.pm

From Lincoln Stein, who wrote the cgi module

Tutorial on Using Modules

CGI Resources

Links to many tutorials, references, sources of scripts

The Fool's Guide to CGI.pm

Nice introduction with usefule examples, for folks who can read easy regex

Perl Tutorial from Perl.com, the O'Reilly site

For those who are sophisticated programmers and want to start in Perl

Perldoc has intermediate level tutorials

CGI Developer's Guide

Short introduction with examples for people who know what they're doing

Tutorials related to Perl and Databases

Tutorial on databases and their perl interface

A gentle introduction

Database programming with Perl

Interfacing MySQL with Perl

O'Reilly book chapter

Down the Perl/DBI module to interface with MySQL

FreeBSD on accessing a database from Perl

Tutorial on Perl MySQL functions

This is from thescripts.com, where you may also post questions to the developer community for various scripting languages and databases.

Tutorial on Using Perl etc. to write software for genome research

Includes such topics as subroutines and @_ and interfacing with databases as well as a good list of books

Documentation and Resources

Perl Documentation at Perl.org and at perldoc.perl.org

Current release is Perl5; (documentation for Perl4 is at CMU)

Perldoc has documentation for the CGI Library of Perl, and there is a reference to the various methods at in CPAN

including for older versions

Also a cheat sheet for novices.

CPAN

Where to find MODULES to add many useful functions to your Perl - e.g. the standard module, oraperl (for Oracle databases) etc. Also how Install CPAN Modules

Perl.com: The Source for Perl - perl development, perl conferences

Articles etc. for serious PERL programmers from the O'Reilly book folk

About.com's info on building and installing Perl modules

They also link to more of thier own tutorials and other Perl resources.

CGI-LIB.pl homepage

Library of CGI scripts in Perl; Also directly accesible at Berkely

Includes documentation, source files, examples, etc.

Documentation for Perl CGI Module

Documentation is readable and it is easy to find what you are looking for.

Downloading and installing additional Perl modules

Google groups on Perl

This site includes several very useful groups (see green links ): one for Perl beginners, another on Perl modules, and another for miscellaneous Perl questions.

Can not be recommended enough.  Search for key words in the Perl beginners group, for example, and then follow the whole thread (link in the upper right).

Excellent resource.

Perl community: many groups, mailing lists and sites

CGI and Perl FAQs

In addition to the FAQs, has a great list of books and other resources.

Scripts for Perl

This is the Mother of Perl site ; intermediate to advanced articles

ActiveState -

Build a custom installation of Perl and check system requirements - see warning on RedHat Linux v8

Perl libraries for www interactions - e.g. HTTP etc.

Parsing XML documents with Perl's XML::Simple

PERL module which has an XML parser (written in PERL)

Documentation on param() and CGI

Older but still valid; info is otherwise not easy to find

to Table of Contents

 

Perl Examples, Scripts, Hints

Decoding CGI form data in Perl scripts

Reading CGI Data From Perl Scripts

A Perl script that reads and parses CGI data

Matt's Script Archive, Inc. :: Free Perl CGI Scripts

Links for free scripts

Scripts.com has many Perl, PHP, ASP and JavaScript scripts

Open The Crypt / Joe's Free CGI Scripts From The Crypt / www.getcruising.com

More free scripts

Perl Meets Bio-informatics 

From O'Reilly - perhaps because they've published a book on this topic

Template Toolkit for template procesing

Perl and XML

How to embed XML in an HTML Page

To edit all scripts with one line of Perl

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PHP

Please also check the Multiple Langauges listings in the General CGI section

The main PHP site

Home site for php, including documentation, download of php processor, and tutorial

PHP Tutorial - from its makers

PHP: Introduction and Manual

Zend makes PHP interpreters, etc

Their DevZone subsite also linkes to articles, tutorials as does the getting started page. and at zendphp.net

Implementing Patterns within PHP

What can PHP do?

Commentary from the PHP folks

PHP tutorial from w3schools

Always an excellent start; includes lessons on interfacing with XML, MySQL and AJAX.

Working with PHP datatypes

Several short tutorials. Gets you going quickly. PHP -Entry Point - Lesson One includes some information on pro's and con's; links to to various PHP sites

PHP4 tutorial So it is missing PHP5's support for objects

How to handle forms in PHP

Extract XML document statistics with PHP

Using PHP to extract stats about XML documents.

Google help group on PHP installation etc.

Apache guide to installing and configuring PHP with Apache

Firepages

Large site with downloads for PHP development, forums, etc.

U. of Minnesota Duluth

Large excellent set of PHP resources including tutorials, articles on regex, using PHP with databases, and PHP and Ajax.

Validating user sessions in PHP

Tips on Debugging in PHP

Unit Testing in PHP is the current PEAR site for unit testing.

This is also available at older sites see for both PHP5 and PHP4. The most current site includes a tutorial on writing (regression) tests.
Simpler testing utilities are available for JUnit both from JUnit and from SourceForge.
SourceForge has PHP Port testing and also testing for mock objects.
LastCraft provides unit, mock objects, and navigation testing (including for cookies and forms.)

Implementing Design Patterns in PHP

PHP Projects at SourceForege

DevX Resources and Script in PHP

Well categorized, but many have very few scripts

DevPlug is a PHP Developer's Forum

PHP Resource Index

Scripts, snippets of code, and tutorials; large site, hierarchically organized

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Python

Whetting Your Appetite

Python tutorial

What is Python

Also follow the links on the right hand side

More on why Python

From the horse's mouth

Tutorial on Python from Developer.com

And More

ASP Tutorial

from w3schools - usually excellent introduction

Implement a flexible shopping cart with XML and ASP

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XML, Web Services, and Related Technologies

XML

XML Articles, documentation and tutorials

Book and Documentation

Books

Inside XML by Steve Holzner published by New Riders 2000

Excellent for both learning and as a reference; includes XSL and useful material on interfaces with Java and JDOM and SAX

XML and Web Services Unleashed by Ron Schmelzer, Travis Vandersypen, Jason Bloomberg, and Madhu Siddalingaiah published by SAMS 2002

Another boook useful for learning and as a reference; many examples; note that this book includes web services

Charles F. Goldfarb's XML Handbook, 5 Edition by Charles F. Goldfarb and Paul Prescod published by Prentice Hall 2003

Includes some material on web services; for a long time this was the standard; well-written, it is still very useful

Learning XML, Second Edition by Erik T Ray published by O'Reilly 2003

More of a book to learn from than the ones above; very clear

XML 1.1 Bible by Elliotte Rusty Harold published by IDG 2004

Includes coverage of CSS, but very limited coverage of important topic of schemas, so I would use the other books first.

Documentation

W3C HTML Home Page

XML homepage from the w3c

Includes description of the many working groups and links to them, to various languages specifications and versions, and to many other resources.

XML Schemas

What are the components of an XML Schema and here their definition in a DTD

Chart of Built-In DataTypes

XML Recommendations Homepage

XML Specs

XML Namespaces

The Cover Pages

Important collection of on-line reference material on SGML/XML languages and various standards, now hosted by OASIS. You may want to start at About XML Cover Pages. Site is for the knowledgeable (except possibly the news stories on front page).

DTD's attributes

Tutorials and Articles - Note:  Tutorials on SOAP and WSDL are under the 'Web Services' heading, but information on SAX, DOM, JDOM etc. is here

XML Tutorial from w3schools

Great introductory tutorial. See also their description of XML syntax

Wonderful set of links to tools, tutorials, and many resources for XML

Also has info on links to databases and server-side uses of XML

Tutorials on everything from HTML to XML with good search function.

XML.com: XML From the Inside Out -- development, resources, specifications

O'Reilly site with many articles

What is XML? From HTMLGoodies.com

XML Terms

What the basic terms mean

Tutorials on XML from About.com Very basic

XML and DOM

Usual excellent introduction from w3schools.com

IBM introduction is excellent.

An older IBM tutorial has a great description of DTDs.

IBM has a fine set of resources for newbies as well as many tutorials on XML related topics

eXtropia has a good introductory tutorial

EduTecWiki has a short introduction

With information about DTDs

4 short intorductory videos from Derek Banas start here

A longer more recent videos using eclipse are also available.

Why XML is important in 2 short IBM videos

Hour long, wonderful, careful discussion of XML from the Indian Institute of Technology

XML Namespaces

Introductory tutorial from the About.com site

XML Schema Primer from w3.org --

Very good, especially if you know a little bit. Three pieces:

Primer,  Structures  and DataTypes   

XFront has links to many great tutorials -

including ones on XML Schema,  Canonical XML, Best Practices etc. and also XSDs for all countries, all currencies, etc.  Great source! This is from Roger Costello (one of the authors of the w3c.org Primer) and is a great resource.

Tutorial from Roger Costello on Best Practices for XML Schema

Another link to the same tutorial

Zvon tutorials on many XML related topics

Tutorials on XML, Schemas, Namespaces, XPath and XSLT, RDF, XInclude, XUL etc.

DevGuru tutorials

Tutorials tend to be oriented towards using Microsoft technology rather than standards based

Tutorials from the ACM There are several

The next group of tutorials is from IBM:

Tutorial on understanding SAX

Tutorial on DOM

Manipulating XML in Java (see also a search for JDOM) Tutorial looks at SAX, DOM, JDOM and JAXP

More tutorials from IBM Many are quite advanced

Java and JDOM tutorial

Betwixt

Introspection for XML data to map it to Java Beans; advanced.

Reading and Writing XML in .Net

.NET and XML: XSD Schemas Tutorial on schemas

Other resources - after you know a bit

The w3c has links to all its working groups

For example, the Schema Working Group homepage

You can also find new Technical Reportss by date, title, etc.

xml.apache.org

Link to Xerces parser, implementations of XSL, etc. A very important site

TECFA's huge set of links on XML

Enormous and very useful set of links on validators and parsers, XML, XSL etc, and, tutorials and news about XML languages.

XML Developer Center Home

Microsoft's XML developer center, including articles, novice to advanced, and links

Open Source Web Development - Dev Shed

Articles on XHTML,CSS, XML, Perl, etc.

Developer.com articles on XML and related technologies

Current and clear articles

Links from Moller and Schwartzbach book

Useful links for everything to do with XML and Web Technologies, tho' it looks like most are not for newbies

JARS Automatic Resource Listing

Java class to automate the encoding of properties from Java into XML

Everything you always wanted to know about SAX (and XmlReader)

When to use SAX and when to use DOM

Application Design: Use DOM to create data-driven HTML documents

Using DOM to get conditional XML

Database Configuration, the XML Alternative

Configuring / designing your database with XML

XML-Dev

An open unmoderated discussion list on development of various XML languages;

Now managed by OASIS.  For the knowledgeable.

Perl and XML

How to embed XML in an HTML Page

XML Tools

Long and wonderful list from w3.org

Free XML Tools

By platform, or vendor or name etc.

Alphaworks is IBM's site

This is the link for xml; many links to subtopics and tutorial on newer technologies (e.g. AJAX)

XML as architecture

Interesting view of the ubiquity and power of XML

XML and Java and the Document Object Model

This IBM site has many links to tutorials, information and documentation on using Java to manipulate XML files, etc.  Very valuable.

XML meets JavaScript in Firefox

Series of articles on using JavaScript to maninpulate XML; many Firefox1.5 issues

There are related articles in the Mozilla deveoper forum.

Manipulating XML in Java (see also a search for JDOM)

Tutorial looks at SAX, DOM, JDOM and JAXP

XML files tend to get very large

Which can cause problems ? which some companies have worked on

See also Business Communications Review on this topic

Microsoft's DOM validator from XML

Courtesy of w3schools.

Checklist for well-formed XML

XML Canonical Form

Canonical form standardizes possible equivalent renditions of XML to one (canonical) form; this is important for checking digital signatures, etc. In addition to the subject in the title, there is a link to Ogbuji's Thinking XML columns at IBM?s developerWorks .

Canonical XML

Very clear tutorial from Roger Costello at xfront.com

Xforms Working Draft from w3c.org

More powerful handling of data and events than with HTML forms

See also their XForms for HTML Authors

Will XForms Matter? Especially as HTML5 has taken over the momentum from XHTML

Fight over XForms clouds future of Net

See also links on XUL at Mozilla.org and on Flash MX in the Miscellaneous section below

w3c addresses addressing in XML

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XML discusses XHTML

XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)

Discussion of XHTML1.0 as a re-formulation of HTML

XHTML Frequently Answered Questions

FAQs about why bother going to XHTML

XHTML 1.1 - Module-based XHTML

XHTML1.1 which is now a strict reformulation of HTML in XML

XHTML Modularization Overview

DTDs for XHTML

See how HTML (XHTML) is formulated in an XML DTD

There are several DTDs (depending on the version of XHTML you want 

XHTML tag index

See also the section on XHTML

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XMLSpy and Other Parsers

Download Trial Edition of XMLSpy Tools

XMLSpy is a wonderful tool, and you may try their tools for 30 days free.

Altova also makes tools for XSL (Stylevision) and for RDF editing (Semantic Works) .

There are free academic licenses available, and there is excellent documentation and a brief tutorial.

xml.apache.org

Link to Xerces XML parser, (API in C++, Java or Perl) at Apache. Constantly evolving. Links to other XML-related tools on Apache Homepage

TopXML: Learn about XML Parsers

XML parsers including Microsoft's and Other Parsers with links and brief descriptions for many XML parsers.

StylusStudio offers a free trial of their parser

Like Altova (XMLSpy) they also have XL and XQuery engines, etc.

JXMLPad - ZDNet Downloads

Module (in Java) to edit XML and XHTML

JARS Automatic Resource Listing

XML/XSLT editor (java based)

Parsing XML documents with Perl's XML::Simple

PERL module which has an XML parser (written in PERL)

Scholarly Validator

Free on-line validator from Brown University for small files

Simple parser at w3schools

Parser Validator in Perl from SourceForge site

Parser in PHP

This parser does not validate; php.net also has tools to create your own parser.

Many XML Tools

ZDNet has a listing of many XML tools for Windows, often with free trials.

css.nu maintains a list of validating browsers

XSmiles is an XML borwser for exotic devices

StAX, an alternative to SAX for Java programmers

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XSL / XSLT including XPath

0XSL/XSLT and XPath - Articles, documentation and tutorials

Why both CSS and XSL - which should I use?

From w3c - who brought you both standards

When to use CSS (whenever you can) and when to us XSL (when you must)

XSL from the w3c

What are the components of XSL (XSLT, XPath, etc.)? Useful but complicated

Overview of XSLT and XPath is also helpful

Of course, there are XSL Specs

XSL Transformations (XSLT)

w3.org documentation on XSLT

Web Style Sheets

w3c on style sheets - CSS and XSL

The Extensible Stylesheet Language Family (XSL)

Links to specs, tutorials, and articles on XSL, XSLT etc.

XSLT client-side

Simple introduction, but you'll need the www.w3schools.com or other tutorial to go further

Tizag tutorial on XSLT (and earlier one on XPath)

Like the w3schools tutorials, this is a gentle introduction.

Cient-side XSLT: Not just for server geeks any more

Good introduction

How to translform XML into XHTML

XSL Homepage of w3c

Including links to XPath, XQuery, XSLT, XSL-FO etc.

There is a large list of links to specs on all these languages, mailing lists, and software.

A great starting place for these technologies.

You can also find links to examples of XSL style sheets (e.g. at TopXML)

Style Activity Statement Gives status of various projects on style sheets - including CSS and XSL

XSL - Computerworld

What XSL is and why you should use it. Good start. See also Additional resources about XSL: Books and links on XSLT

Spinning Your Code with XSLT and JSF in Cocoon

Using XSLT with Java Beans etc. Advanced.

Multi-part tutorial: Discover the Wonders of XSLT

Part 1 -XSLT Good introduction to XSLT itself

Part 2: XPath

Part 3 of 3: Advanced Techniques: Tests and advanced techniques

Part 4: XSLT Quirks

Part 5: Workflows and multiple documents

Understanding the XPath Data Model

XPath data model and how it works, with links to info on infosets. Not for beginners

XPath and XSL tutorials

From w3schools.org  I think this is one of the clearest of the introductory tutorials.

Tizag also has clear introductory tutorials on XPath and XSLT

Learning XSLT has implications for CSS

Tutorial; main interest is using CSS to style XML in browsers

Tutorial on XSLT 2.0

Norman Walsh has also posted related tuorials on XPath etc.

XPath tutorial with links to examples on the left side. From Zvon

XPath Tutorial From TopXML

Several XSLT Tutorials

Their home page also has links to books and other resources for XSL and CSS.

Mozilla maintains a lot of information on XPath and XSL

What's New in XPath 2.0?

The primary purpose of XPath is to address parts of an XML document. XPath uses a compact, non-XML syntax to facilitate use of XPath within URIs and XML attribute values. XPath gets its name from its use of a path notation as in URLs for navigating through the hierarchical structure of an XML document.

Java JAXP, Writing Java Code to Emulate an XSLT Transformation

Emulating XSLT transformations in Java

XSLT and Java Server Faces

Introduction to XPath

.NET and XML: XPath Queries Tutorial

About.com tutorial on XSLT

Also has tutorial on ASP

Facilitating Teamwork with XML and XSL

XSL-FO - Extensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects

NOTE: XSL-FO is the old name for XSLT

XSL-FO for formatting objects

Using FO with Java tutorial

Introduction to XSL - XSL, XSLT, XPath, and XSL Formatting Objects

Introduction to XSL

Many examples of XML, XSL, VML and related technologies

Java and XSLT

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Tools and implementations of XSLT

Contemporary browsers all implement XSL for rending documents in a browser.

These links are for more general implementations of XSL.

XT

Free implementation of XSLT written in java

JARS Automatic Resource Listing

XML/XSLT editor (java based)

How to transform XML into XHTML

Stylus Studio sells a full line of tools for XML, XSLT, etc.

Many XML Tools

ZDNet has a listing of many XML tools for Windows, often with free trials.

XMLSpy includes an XSLT engine

Microsoft tool to create XSLTs to go from their WordProcessingML to their OpenXML form

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Specific extended MLs - MathML etc and also RDF and RSS

Note: This is XML and security first, then RDF and RSS, XML and Databases, then MathML and Amaya, XML in the financial services industry and then miscellaneous.
The Semantic Web, Web 2.0, AJAX, mashups etc. are in their own section.

XML Security and Encrpytion

Trusting and verifying

Which comes first

w3c has many resources

WS-Security is the specification for web services security

This is from OASIS

XAMCL stands for eXtensible Access Mark-up Control Language

This is Sun's implementation and programmer's guide

On-going news on Sun's implementation of XAMCL

SAML is one standard for secure web services

From w3.org, of course.

SAML stands for Security Assertion Mark-up Language

Security with SAML and XACML

This area is still changing ? suggest you search the w3.org site for these two extensions.

Encryption working group at w3.org

XML Encryption Added to Apache Project

Security issues and XML

Requires free login at ZDNet

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RDF - or Resource Description Framework - is a resource for describing catalogs

RDF Primer from w3.org

RDF Spec from w3.org

RDF is of interest to librarians, etc.

RDF Validator from w3c.org

Mozilla site on RDF

And some examples

Zvon tutorials on many XML related topics

Tutorials on XML, Schemas, Namespaces, XPath and XSLT, RDF, XInclude, XUL etc.

Relational databases on the semantic web and RDF

See also Tim Berners-Lee paper which started this subject

RSS - or Really Simple Syndication -  is how an XML feed is used to update news and blogs continuously.

What is RSS?

From O'Reilly - good casual introduction; includes a sample to get you started

What is RSS?

From webreference.com - lots of information

An introduction to RSS

RSS Syndication and Aggregation

Web references on RSS

RSS monitors (new) content on sites and feeds it to subscribers. May also be used for on-going education.

Scripts for Perl and RSS

Mother of Perl site

Exploring RSS and XML in Flash

RSS Feed for site listing free xml tools

And DTD for the above

RSS Enclosure exposure or pod-casting

An audio RSS feed

How to create your own RSS news feed

From w3.org, but with a quick 'cheat sheet' on how to do it

IBM maintains a site called alphaworks

This site provides current information about RSS and other new technologies

Mozilla site on RSS

All the following information on RSS is from one of my students:

Scripting news ? by Dave Winer; Winer designed this format at Userland and uses it in his blog

The history of RSS

RSS 2.0 Spec

How to set up a RSS channel

Using RSS 0.9

Clear explanation, tho? RSS 2.0 is current spec

RSS Aggregators  / readers

Full list at http://blogspace.com/rss/readers

Mac OS X: NetNewsWire (http://ranchero.com/netnewswire/)

Windows: SharpReader (http://www.sharpreader.net)

Linux: Straw (http://www.nongnu.org/straw)

Web: Bloglines (http://www.bloglines.com)

RSS Validators:

     FeedValidator.org (http://feedvalidator.org/)

     UserLand's validator (for 0.9x only) (http://rss.scripting.com/

Selected Sites with RSS Feeds:

     British Broadcasting Corporation (http://news.bbc.co.uk/shared/bsp/hi/services/htmlsyndication/html/default.stm)

     DevX (http://www.devx.com/DevX/Article/16190)

     LiveJournal Syndicated Feeds (http://www.livejournal.com/syn/list.bml)

     United States Department of Defense (http://www.dod.gov/news/rss/)

     WebReference.com (http://www.webreference.com/services/news/)

     For a more exhaustive list, go to the RSS Compendium (http://allrss.com/rssfeeds.html)

      IBM?s RSS feed on weather

Quick Start on RSS

Requires free registration, but worth it

RSS Tutorial fromContent Publishers and Webmaster

Gentle introduction with links to more advanced information

RSS Workshop from U. of Utah

Links to places to learn how t create your own feed in the language of your choice; lots of examples

WebKnowHow articles on RSS

Introductory

O'Reilly has articles on RSS

Also check out their tutorials which are less basic than the ones above

Support for CSS poor in most RSS readers (7/06)

Building a Generic RSS Class in PHP

Requires some knowledge of MySQL and PHP,/dd>

Working with RSS and Oracle JDeveloper

If you prefer Oracle and Java

Expand RSS capabilities with RSS extensions<.a>

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XML and Databases, including XQuery; Please also see RDF

XQuery for database querying at w3c.org

This is now the standard.

XQuery Tutorial from w3schools.com

What is XQuery?

Introduction at O'Reilly site xml.com

XQuery tutorial

Slides that are now part of book An Introduction to XML and Realted Technologies by Moller and Schwartzbach

An Introduction to XQuery

A look at the w3c schema with many links to other resources

Using XML with Databases Tutorial

SQLX.org is devoted to SQL and XML working together

Because SQL is an ISO standard its specs are copyrighted; a copy may be bought through SQLX/

XML Programming with SQL and XML

Excellent and comprehensive article

XViews for implementing Views on XML databases

This is an IBM research paper, not a w3c standard.

The web standard has moved to RDF (see above) and the Data Access Language (next item).

The Data Access Working Group has developed an RDF query language to be interoperable with SQL

It is also working on issues of querying on the semantic web

Relational Databases on the Semantic Web

Does RDF implement E-R? by Tim Berners-Lee

Integrating web services with SQL Server

Also using the SQLXML classes

XML and DB2

And more on this and IBM's SOA plans

XMLSpy includes an XQuery engine

Oracle's site has many articles on XML and databases

Example: Oracle version of XQuery and Using XQurey with XSL

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MathML and Amaya

MathML

Home page at w3.org

Includes a complete description of MathML

Amaya Home Page

Web authoring tool which includes support for MathML

MathML in Mozilla

A rich resource, including transling from TEX, SOAP interfaces, etc.

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Financial Service Industry

XML in the Financial Services Industry

A good introduction to eBXML, XBRL, FIXML, MDDL, FpML, and assorted standards groups for this industry

InfoWorld: XBRL: A case study in complexity:

How BusinessReportingML became too complex to work - good case study in design

ebXML: Introducing the Vision

What is eBXML? (hint: e is electronic and B is for Business) Follow links at bottom for series of articles - for whole series of articles

XBRL to Sharpen Banks' Biz Reports

XBRL (eXtended Business Reporting Language) must be used by banks and other public companies (per Sarbanes-Oxley Law) to consolidate units when they report their financial results; will also migrate to internal reports.

XML Variant to Ease Financial Reporting

How XMRL will help

Sarbanes-Oxley: Road to Compliance

What's involved in compliance for Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) from an IT point of view

SOX compliance is a big topic.

Resilient: Making processes into objects - News - ZDNet

BPEL (Business Process Execution Language) for the non-techie

InfoWorld: Is BPEL the real deal?:

July 02, 2004: By Phillip J. Windley : APPLICATION_DEVELOPMENT : APPLICATIONS : WEB_SERVICES

An introduction to ebXML

The interaction of eBXML and Web Services

UBL, or Universal Business Language

Uses XML to define a vocabulary for common business forms, such as purchase orders etc.

It is also designed to work with eBXML

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Miscellaneous: VoiceML, XUL, WML (wireless), etc.

XML Technolgies

Short descriptin of the main ones

MetaMap of All the XML Technolgies

A wonderful map of how these are all related and what the acronyms mean

Add XML functionality to your Flash movies

FlashXML

A markup language for designing GUIs

XUL is Mozilla's Language for designing user interfaces and widgets.

And they provide a tutorial

Links to books on VoiceXML etc.

WDVL.com

Introduction to WML from About.com

WML is Wireless Mark-up Language

Wireless Web Initaitive at w3c.org

Mastering Wireless Programming: First Steps in C++ or C#

Microsoft?s XML Visio Schemas

XInclude

An evolving specification for including &merging XML documents

Not surprisingly it works only with schemas (no DTDs)

Here is a brief introduction

Zvon tutorials on many XML related topics

Tutorials on XML, Schemas, Namespaces, XPath and XSLT, RDF, XInclude, XUL etc.

Primer on OpenXML (Microsoft) and Open Document Format (everone else)

OpenXML for Open documents format - vs. Microsoft (3/06)

OpenXML gaining (4/06... especially after acceptance by ECMA

ODF (Open Docment Format) is accepted by OASIS and supported by IBM

Translator to go between Microsoft?s OpenXML and Open Document Format (ODF) (7/06)

Microsoft?s plug-in for conversions from Office To OpenXML (7/06)

Google behind ODF; You should also check out Massachusetts?s push for ODF.

Many XML Tools

ZDNet has a listing of many XML tools for Windows, often with free trials.

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Web Services

Please note that many links related to web services - e.g. security, mobile web, etc. are in section directly above.
Choreography and BPEL are in this section.

Web Services - general information; what is SOA, etc.

Overview of Web Services

A brief overview; not much detail; links to implementing web services with Java on Linux

What are web services?

The 'home' links to many articles about web services

Client and server terms defined

Web Service Demos from Mindreef.net.

Fun to try.

w3c.org definition of a web service

This is in their document on web service architecture.

MetaMap of how the different technologies are related

May be more useful after you know a little about the area, and then invaluable

There is also an information page.

Relationship of Web Service's Major Components

Simpler than the MetaMap; good place to start, then go to MetaMap

This site also has an excellent glossary

What is a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)?  What are Web Services?

Very good introduction to SOA, for those who already know the lingo.  8 pages!

SOA (without web services) in plain language

The difference between SOA and Web Services'

InfoWorld: Web services alphabet soup: Application Development

Web services alphabet soup - and modularity

The Web Services Family Tree

From XHTML to AJAX

Understanding Service-Oriented Architecture

Great introduction (actually a book chapter). 'Composition' has the same meaning as composition of functions in math - i.e. one followed by another

Web Services Explained

Another book excerpt, slightly less detailed than the previous one

Web Services Architecture

Although this claims to describe only IBM's architecture, it is a good description of all the web service architectures.

Web Services Architecture

Description of basic and more complex web services stacks; covers major vendors: Sun, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, HP, BEA and Borland

Web Services Essentials

From Sun, this emphasizes a role for Java. Of course, designed to be platform neutral, web service may be implemented in other languages, too.

Introduction to Web Services

Very clear, but basic. From Altova, creators of XMLSpy. Starts general and then moves to their tool

Service Oriented Architecture: How and Why

Arguments of for IT managers and why SOA is the way to go. Good survey

New Rules Govern the SOA Lifecycle

As Ye SOA So Shall Ye Reap

Humorous story

Fuzzy boundaries: Objects, Components and Web Services

Which to use when; further discussion with authors

Web Services Hurdles

Including security and reliability

Also cultural changes and peoples' customs

Quality control issues

No warranties, or QoS issues

Securty issues, which OASIS has several initaitves on

Performance issues as files get larger and larger

The Rise and Fall of CORBA

What we can learn from CORBA, one of the ancestors of web services

The Top 5 Myths about SOA

Capitalizing on SOA

Good discussion of SOA patterns, philosophy, pros and cons

TestingQuality in an SOA

Close the loop:Using SOA to automate human interaction

With specific detailed example

White Papers from Ziff Davis

Including on ROI, strategies for success, costs and benefits, how to adopt etc.

Four Steps to SOA

Building SOA Your Way

Making it work for you; case studies

Finding Your Way to SOA

Sun introduction in either a business or technical version

SOA: Integrating Applications

Case studies of who did what and how much they saved

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Web Services: Books and Documentation

Please note that standards in this area are issued by both W3C (for XML and many of its extensions, SOAP, WSDL) and OASIS (for UDDI and ebXML, WS_Trust, etc.) and sometimes jointly. WS-I (Web Services Interoperability Organization) is also starting to develop standards. There is overlap in the membership of these organizations.

Books

The Executive's Guide to Web Services by Eric A. Marks and Mark J. Werrell pubblished by Wiley, 2003

A lot of managerial discussion of thadvantages of SOA, but a very clear description of the protocol stacks and what each part of web servicces does

Understanding Web Services by Eric Newcomer, Addison Wesley, 2002

Understanding SOA with Web Services by Eric Newcomer, Greg Lomow, Addison Wesley, 2004

Excellent introductions; second book is an update of the first

Web Services Essentials by Ethan Cerami published by O'Reilly 2002

, Excellent look at enough of the technology so you understand what is really happening; also detailed information about installing and interfacing with the server if you will be responsible for that too

Documentation

XML Protocols Matrix

Who is in charge of what protocol

Web Services Architecture from w3c.org

Web Services Addressing Standards: Core

And SOAP Binding

Explanation of what the addressing standard do

Standards to Improve Performance released Feb 2005

Another discussion of same release

Web Services Polcies

w3c compares their version with that from IBM and Microsoft

Includes discussion of how to specify Quality of Service (QoS)

Table of all policy groups and standards on web services at w3c.org

WS-I is also working on standards

WS-I, a consortium of major software provides such as IBM, SAP, and Microsoft has an asynchronous messaging standard.

OASIS is working on standards for SOA protocols

They have issued standards on UDDI, reliability, security, transactions, and eBXML

They develop the UDDI Specs

They also have three security related standards: for exchanging secuirty related information (with SAML), for secure web services and for secure exchange of multiple messages

OASIS also codifies the specifications for Web Service Management (WSDM), which includes both Mangement of Web Services (MOWS) and Management Using Web Servises (MUWS).

The WSDM homepage links (near the bottom) to primers on both MOWS and MUWS.

Web Service Modeling Ontlology and the Semantic Annotations for WSDL Working Group

are developing standards for semantic web servcies

Links to SOAP, Web Services and related specifications

Unfortunately last updated in 9/05

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Web Services: Articles and Tutorials

General or multi-topic

Web Services Primer

Excellent place to start; from O'Reilly and XML.com; many links at bottom of article

Web Services Architecture

Although this claims to describe only IBM's architecture, it is a good description of all the web service architectures.

This is a very general article; if you want more information at this level, please look in the section on Web Services - general information.

Web Services tutorial from w3schools

After this tutorial, go to their tutorials on SOAP and WSDL

Web Services

Columns 96 to 106 (each of which is multi-page) includes coverage of calling web services from IE and of writing DTDs for XML.

MetaMap of how the different technologies are related

May be more useful after you know a little about the area, and then invaluable

There is also an information page.

xmethod.com tutorials on many tools to implement web services

Web Services

Large collection of articles on Web Services at MSDN. Everything from Web Services Basics to very advanced. For example, start with the XML Web Services Basics or the non- technical See What Web Services Can Do for You and move on to articels on security, problems with SOAP encoding, etc.

Special Issue of CACM on 'Services Science', which includes Web Services: vol. 49, July 2006.

Issue has many articles, including Introduction, Research Manifesto, Understanding Service Sector Innovation, Algorithmic Decomposition of Services, and What we can learn from CORBA, one of the ancestors of web services

Design of Web Services

Thought provoking tutorial from Roger Costello. Costello posts many excellent tutorials here, too.

Web Services: a B2B demonstration

Complete sophisticated example

Combine Polymorphism with Web Services

Understand Web Services Reliable Messaging

DMOZ Direcotry on Web Services and SOAP

Web services, SOA and Application Frameworks

Making them work together to address issues such as scalability, security, and transaction and state management.Links to a reading list on the left. Site, focuses on web services architecture.

Securing Web Services the Low-Tech Way

A gentle Introduction to SOAP

Using WSDL in SOAP Applications from IBM

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SOAP
Be sure to look in the sections on general information and tutorials (directly aobve) first; this section includes examples and language-dependent/platform-dependent information.

SOAP Primer from w3c

SOAP tutorial from w3schools

Understanding Web Services: Part I SOAP

You need an IBM password for this, so it is good for academic use and those who use IBM products.

Archives of SOAP at Discuss.Develop.com

Discussion list for problems implementing SOAP applications. Searchable

Understanding SOAP

From MSDN. Excellent article for those with some familiarity from more basic entries.

Brief SOAP Primer from above list

Full list of SOAP1.1 Implementations

What is in an HTTP header

Useful reminder as SOAP messages are transported with HTTP

Web Service Demos from Mindreef.net.

You can see the SOAP messages by clicking the Invoke tab and then the Edit/Preview button

AMQP:Advanced Message Queueing Protocol

From Cisco, RedHat, et al; to interoperate with SOAP and other messaging protocols. Stay tuned

SOAP tutorials

About 20 different tutorials with brief comments. Older with some broken links

Try A Busy Developer's Guide to SOAP 1.1

Perl and SOAP

SOAP examples from soaprpc.com

SOAP::Lite for Perl

Includes an excellent Quick Start Guide, which may also be found at O-Reilly's Perl.com site. The O-Reilly version links also to more complicated examples

SOAPLite maintains its own site, with a cookbook

Much of this duplicates the site above, but this one is easier to navigate and includes news.

Client-side SOAP from soapuser.com

Also links to table of SOAP packages for UNIX and Windows and information on server-side SOAP.Good tutorials.

Archives of SOAP at Discuss.Develop.com

Discussion list for problems implementing SOAP applications. Searchable

PHP and SOAP

Zend offers a SOAP implementation with PHP Extension

Devzone at Zend has examples and articles on using PHP and SOAP messaging and AJAX

New articles and tutorials are in the news and tutorials sections respectively.

Also more advanced articles, such as on PHP SOAP extension

Tutorial on Web Services and PHP

NuSOAP, older and now less common, implements SOAP in PHP without PHP extensions

Download NuSOAP at SourceForge.org

Beginner tutorials from NuSOAP originally from Zend; there are also other tutorials available on line.

eZ is another open source SOAP implementation for PHP users

PEAR offers other modules for web services, some of which are described by Builder.com

Java and SOAP

Java and XML: SOAP

Excellent discussion of SOAP and RPC; first half of multi-page book excerpt is general and second half is Java-specific.

Java classes to create the SOAP API

Package from Sun

The Sun ONE Studio 4 tutorial also has a fully worked web services example.

Writing a Handler Class to Process (SOAP)Messages

Web Services Using JavaScript and .NET

Developing Web Services with Borland JBuilder and BEA Web Server

Develop Web Services Using JSF Web service tools in Rational Application Developer

Water

Water is a language designed for rapid protoyping of web services.

Some people are using it for teaching as it is designed to have a short learning curve.

Apache web server

Writing a SOAP client for Apache

The xmethod site also includes a guide to installing Apache SOAP and examples of SOAP services with their WSDL descriptions.

See also Introducing Axis2

Axis2 is the web service framework from Apache. A search at this site will lead you to many articles about Axis2, including Building a non-Java web service on Axis2. These articles explain some fairly sophisticated and complicated examples.

Apache has many web service projects, including SOAP, XML-RPC, and Axis

Apache site for SOAP

Microsoft platform ( as your server platform)

SOAP: Platform-Independent Server Communication from 4GuysFromRolla

SOAP from IE

A Young Person's Guide to SOAP

What SOAP is and how it is better than CORBAS and DCOM

Microsoft's .NET SDK

This replaces Microsoft's SOAP Toolkit 3.0, officially retired in3/05 and on extended support until 3/08; Also see How to Migrate to the .Net Framework

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WSDL

Introducing WSDL

Tutorial from Altova; first few slides are general and then moves to using XMLSpy to create WSDL documents.

WSDL Tutorial from w3schools

This is the most detailed of the 3 basic introductions listed here.

Writing WSDL Short, basic and clear

Understanding WSDL

Excellent detailed explanation from MSDN. Easier if you read one of the previous entries first. From Aaron Skonnard, one of the authors of the book Essential XML

XMethods lists many webservices available publicly for demos and examination.

It is helpful to work through several. Highlighted links allow you to examine the WSDL entry and try it.(See also the full list of these services.)

For example, Weather - Temperature is an easy place to start. .(Cape Clear offers a more complex global version of this.)

US Yellow Pages , with its WSDL entry, is more complicated as it provides several web services in one WSDL.

Web Service Demos from Mindreef.net.

You can see the WSDL by clicking on the Analyze tab.

WSDL Editors

Article is from 12/02, but many of these (e.g. XMLSpy from Altova and the one from Cape Clear) are still popular. Tools from are more recent.

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UDDI

UDDI4J IBM's open source implememntation for UDDI with Java interfaces

IBM, Microfot SAP had problems implemmenting UDDI 12/05

UDDI-based models of eCommerce

First read An Introduction to eBusiness with eBXML and web services and eBXML:the vision

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Choreography, BPEL and REST

w3c Group on Choreography

Choreography refers to sequences of web services interactions

There is a Overview of the Choreography Model

and a Requirements document,

Choreography Description Language and a Primer for it.

Understanding ebXML, UDDI, XML/EDI

eBXML and BPEL and modeling business processes

SOAP vs eBXML for complex transacations

W3C Inks Key Web Services Language

To coordinate a series of services - WS-CDL and also see about BPEL

Language may be used to describe peer-to-peer interactions

Web Services Choreography Description Language  (WS_CDL)

Working draft of language spec from w3.org

Orchestration of Rule-Based Web Services

Web Services Integration Patterns

and more patterns

Reconciling Web Services with REST

REST and the Rest of the World, which follows a description of REST

REST Tutorial from Roger Costello

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Web Services: Other Resources

Organizations

W3C

Links on topics such as web services, WSDL, XML, WS-CDL, etc.

OASIS and its subsidiary XML.org

Also The Cover Pages cover news.

ACM Portal

WS-I - open-source organization to promote web services interoperability

Standards, articles and news

WebServices.org

Group of about a dozen providers of enterprise-level software for web services, of which the most notable are CA and Systinet. Lots of news about who signed what deal, but most of the useful information is restricted to members of those companies.

Open Source

Apache Software Foundation

Soucre for Apache server, Tomcat java servlet server, Xerces XML parser and many other packages

Apache web services projects include Axis for SOAP and many others

Sourceforge.net

Major source for over 100,000 open source projects in anormous range of categories

Search for web services and specfic language or environment

Eclipse

Has an entire section on web tools; known primarily for Java IDE, now also offering a PHP IDE and web services tools

IBM runs a number of open source projects, and makes others available on academic license

w3c open source tools

Open Source Web Services Tools in Java

DevShed open source tools

Sources for good articles

Please also check the tools for many topics for a list of newsletters

Mangement of performance of web applications

IBM's alphaworks

Many excellent articles, some very sophisticated, and also RSS feeds on XML, webservices, etc.

IBM's Developer Works

The Web Services and SOA site has many excellent tutorials, articles and technical forecasts, all of high quality. A few of the longer tutorials require an IBM password.

XML.com from 'Reilly

Organized site with entries ranging from blogs to book excerpts. High quality.

O'Reilly also owns Safari on-line books (also available through the ACM if you are a member)

Web Services Architect

Magazine with some news, high quality downloadable articles, links to books and other resources

MSDN or Microsoft Developer Network

General articles and links to their magazine, as well as tutorials on their own products. High quality, but not as many current articles as the IBM sites

Sun Developer Network

Mostly focused on Java and on Sun developer kits, though some more general articles

Google Directory on Web Services

More focused than a straight search; more specifically: FAQs, tutorials, etc.on SOAP, Both IBM and Microsoft offer a sophisticated introduction to SOA and web services.

XMethods.net

Many tutorials (for various platforms) and articles

XFront

Tutorials and articles from Roger Costello

Mozilla and Web Services

Many articles, including on how to access web services in mozilla agents.

Also check their project page as many projects are related to XML technologies

SOA Systems focus on web service standards and on SOA

Links to SOA Magazine and other resources.

Also useful glossary

SOAPRPC

News, many links to articles and other resources

Developer.com (Earthweb)

Many useful articles, intermediate to advanced; this links to their web services section; the Gamelan section has articles for java developers.

Primarily news

SearchWebServices is primarily news, but is searchable

eweek and InfoWorld

Regular sources of news for techies; announcements of new standards and products, summaries of conference speeches, etc.

Loosely Coupled

Similar to above, but more technical and with an SOA focus

JackBe

News and short articles on SOA and Ajax

Application Development Trends

Primarily news; some whitepapers

Ziff Davis Buyer's Guides and White Papers

Downloadable after free registration; oriented towards IT management

Similar to above, but more technical and with an SOA focus

Fusion Zone: SOA is primarily news and managerial-type articles with an Oracle slant

Languages and Tools

WebSphere from IBM

Sun Web Services Developer Kit

XMLSuite, XMLSpy, etc.

Tools for XML, web services, etc. Beautiful interfaces. Academic license available or 30 day trial.

Stylus Studio

Tools for XML, web services, etc. 7-day trial

SOAPLite toolkit for Pearl

SOAP client for PHP

McAfee Shares Internal Web-Services Security Tool

Water language

Mindreef SOAPScope Toolkit

Web services toolkit; free trial

Training for web services

The bottom has links to vendor training, such as that at CapeClear, Systinet,Collaxa, and Grand Central. These sites have lots of information : e.g.tutorials on regular expressions and Java Web Services at CapeClear (you need to search for tutorials; there are many more than are suggested by the tab on their home page), but some require logins.

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Examples of Web Services: Amazon, eBay and Google

Amazon Reaches 50,000-Developer Mark With Its Web Services Program: May 24, 2004

How Amazon has attracted developers to write for the stores which sell on Amazon, or how Amazon Web Services counts itself as having 50,000 developers

Amazon.com : Help / AWS home page

Home page for Amazon Web Services - all you need to know is XML and SOAP

Available here too

Amazon.com : Help / AWS home page / FAQ

Amazon Web Services FAQs - including what services are available etc.

AWS includes a web services platform,

a 'scratch pad' (Turk), a search engine and many e-commerce web servcies.

Amazon's XML Interface.

Amazon Web Services: A Brief Introduction Using PHP - Website Publisher

XML.com: Amazon's Web Services and XSLT.

Article from O'Reilly decribing both the web services and the REST interace to Amazon

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Web 2.0 and Related Technologies

The Semantic Web

Semantic Web initiative at w3c

Microformats a way to add semantic information through annotations

Costello's slides on the subject; as always a clear discussion

Microformats.org

IBM has several papers on semantic modeling

A Simple Linkage from Web Services to the Semantic Web

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