Web Services and Web-Centric Links

Web Centric Resources and Bookmarks

General Tools

General Resources: for Many Web Programming Topics

Summary Chart (above) as a Word Document
Organizations
World Wide Web Consortium (w3c): The w3c develops most of the standards for the web. They are the source of definitive documentation on many subject, and have a few primers. Generally it is better to learn a little about a topic before you dig into the documentation.
OASIS develops most of the other standards.
ECMA owns the standard for JavaScript
ACM Many on-line books and courses
ISO makes some standards publicly available; others must be bought from ISO
IEEE Computer Society and ACM are the large professional organizations with tutorials etc.
Articles and Tutorials on Many Subjects, starting with more elementary ones
There are several glossaries, mini?encyclodpedias:: Freebase has many entries about various topics ? a bit above the glossary level; WhatIs technical dictionary; TechWeb definitions with liks to related topics
Survey of browser usage: But beware that Netscape and Mozilla may be confounded; See also description of Mozilla
TIOBE Community Bulletin Board: Lists frequency of queries about various languages including web-centric ones
w3schools: On-line tutorials for many subjects - including CSS, XML, etc. Usually a very clear survey of the issues, features, syntax. Read before you get into the grubby details for an excellent overview.
Tizag: Elementary tutorials. Usually w3schools goes farther, but Tizag covers a few topics that w3schools miss.
ZDNet has downloads (many free) for everything from security to ftp, in addition to their reviews of hardware.
U. of Minnesota - Duluth organizes everything: This well-organized site has tutorials on CSS, JavaScript, XML, PHP, Usability and Accessibility. Tools for every topic. Outstanding collection of resources; no description of level of articles.
About.com: Many clear primers and introductory articles on XHTML, CSS, Perl, etc. Unfortunately hard to find information from previous newsletters.
WebDeveloper.com: Articles (some current, some dated; mostly intermediate) and forums to ask about Java, HTML, XHTML, JavaScript, Perl, CGI etc.
EarthWeb: Useful family of sites covering all areas of web-centric computing; primers, tutorials, and newsletters ranging from elementary (e.g. HTML Goodies) to intermediate; all well-written, but some are dated; Includes WebReference: scripts for HTML, RSS, Perl etc. and also Developer.com with very current technical articles on all the web-centric technologies.
HotScripts: Articles on scripts for many languages and technologies - Perl, PHP, Python, JavaScript, XML. Well organized. For example, click on PHP, then books and you are led to short paragraphs describing over 60 PHP books.
Web Developer's Virtual Library: Tutorials on authoring, including intermediate level ones; JavaScript, CSS, XML, etc.
DDJ: Dr. Dobbs Journal has links on many programming languages and platforms ; also news.
ASPN Active State Programmer Network: Resource for programmers in Perl, PHP, Python, etc. in which Active State offers open source languages and tools. The Newsfeeds tab links to RSS feeds from many tech news sources. Major site.
The Experts: Links to Dmitry's Design lab (a favorite), articles on XML, DHTML
A List Apart (calls itself ALA): Mainly articles on CSS code, but also some on JavaScript, XML, layout and web site design. Oriented to graphic designers.
Useful Links for Web Developers by Sonal Patel Great introductions to many topics
Mashable follows stories about mobile commuting and social networking; the newletter can be overwhelmeing
More Advanced Resources
Mozilla's Developer Center
Alphaworks from IBM: Articles on many cutting edge technologies; clear but not novice and must use search function for your topic.; developerWorks has articles on IBM products, but also excellent articles on emerging standards and technologies.
Amaya Home Page: Editor which includes extensions to MathML; Amaya is a w3c.org tool for editing on the web
Apache: A very large, major open source organization with many projects.
Apache is a web server; there are links to Xerces, Apache's XML editing tool, other XML projects, and many other projects and products.
SourceForge is a huge repository of open source projects with documentation
Oracle: Oracle's developer site - information on Java, Web Services, etc. and all the former Sun Microsystems information
Mozilla tools for developers: Tools for debugging, for mobile, for browser add–ons, etc..
DevShed has tutorials and articles on scripting and programming languages, databases, and platforms. It appears to have stopped updtaing in early 2013.
Cheat—sheets.org a huge list covering many, many computer topics, some out of date.

Site	Comments	HTML and XHTML	CSS	Java-Script	jQuery	CGI	Perl	PHP	XML	Web Services	Web2.0, Ajax	Mobile
w3c	Documentation for most technologies; hard to use unless you know something	Doc	N-I Doc			Doc			Doc	Doc	Doc	N-I
About	Hard to find with search	N	N	N	N				N			N
w3schools	Superb tutorials; handy references well organized; a few errors	N-I Ref	N-I Ref	N-I Ref	N-I			N-I		N-I	Ajax	N-I
Tizag	Similar to above tho' often less detailed; SQL tutorial too	N Ref	N	N-I			N-I	N-I		N
U Minn. Duluth	Superbly organized links; Accessibility info too.	Link by search	Link	Link				Link	Link
Earthweb HTMLGoodies JavaScripts Developer Gamelan *WebReference	Family of sites Java interfaces Advanced articles	N; Ref	I-A; Scr	N Scr A, Link		N I-A; Scr	N I-A; Scr	N I-A, Scr I-A; Link	I-A I-A; Link	I-A I-A I-A; Link	I-A; Scr I-A I-A; Link	I-A
WebDeveloper	Links to N-I-E articles	Link	Link	Link			Link	Link	Link	Link	Link	Link
HotScripts	Many advanced topics too			Scr	Scr	Scr	Scr	Scr			Scr	Scr
html goodies (Formerly Web Developer Virtual Library)	Clear, but some older	N-I	N-I	N-I	N-I	N	N; Link	N; Link	N-I-E; Link	/td>		N-I
DevShed					I-E; Scr		A; Scr	A; Scr	A	A	A
IBM developerWorks	Wonderful articles if you have a specific topic	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A
DZone RefCardz	Great reference cards for many languages and platforms	I Ref	I Ref	I Ref	I Ref			I Ref	I Ref	I Ref	I Ref	I Ref
Microsoft Developer Network	Large, organized library; searchable; links to Stack Overflow	I-A, Link	I-A, Link	I-A, Link	I-A, Link	I-A, Link	Link	Link	I-A	I-A	I-A	I-A
Stack Overflow	Site to ask high level questions	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
Mozilla Developer Network	Large, serachable library	A	A	A	A					A	A	A
Menzin Links at Simmons College	This web page	Link	Link	Link	Link	Link	Link	Link	Link	Link	Link	Link

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IT in general - not web specific

FTP Utilities and PutTY

CoreFTPLite: My favorite free FTP client for Windows;supports both FTP and SFTP/SSH' easy to use and robust, except for perl files. Best of all, if you find a typo after you've uploaded a file you may use CoreFTP to edit it on the server.
Fetch is an excellent FTP client for Macs
CyberDuck: Free FTP and SFTP utility- this one for Macs, also available at Apple
Choosing an FTP utility: FTP for various OS's; good discussion of the issues, but tools last updated in 2004.
Setting up your FTP utility
Filezilla: Free FTP and SFTP (Secure FTP) utility (from Source Forge)
Fugu: SFTP for Macs with a graphical front-end
ZDNet: FTP clients, many with reviews. You may set the filter to 'free'.
PuTTY is a free implementation of Telnet for Windows and Unix systems. It may be downloaded at :: http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/ (Homepage for PuTTY); or http://www.softpedia.com/get/Network-Tools/Telnet-SSH-Clients/PuTTY.shtml; Easy installation instructions are at http://www.wnec.edu/~snarmont/putty/; And the user manual is at http://www.tartarus.org/%7Esimon/puttydoc/index.html

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UNIX/LINUX

A few reminders in case you need to brush up
While you are on a UNIX/LINUX machine:: man commandName gives the manual's sections on that command.
There are many LINUX (and UNIX) groups on Google
The following tutorials are all very, very basic:
Linux Primer from Clark University old but useful
Linux Links: Includes a place for newbies, but most of the searches link to books at Amazon
BigNoseBird Tutorial on vi has cheat sheet of vi editing commands and a primer
Learn Linux in 10 minutes including vi basics
Several basic Linux tutorials
User–friendly FAQs on Linux
Commonly used Unix Commands
The One Page Linux Manual from digilife is useful after you have used Linux a bit
vi cheat sheet also from digilife
Working with Files under UNIX: Well organized and useful
Unix Guru universe — beginners start here: With references to more advanced material also
Search Enterprise Linux resource for Linux sysadmis

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Tech News Sources

ACM: Current news; you should also get their newsletter with weekly updates.
If you are a student, you should join; student memberships are a bargain.
IEEE: This site has more news about the IEEE than about technology.
Local societies and local computer societies also frequently have newsletters
ZDNet: Reviews of software, hardware and tech toys; good place to find free utilities (e.g. for FTP)
as well as to comparison shop for new computers, digital cameras, etc.
CNET check out both the News and Reviews
TechWeb catering to IT folk
Tech News World
SlashDot which likes to describe itself as ':news for nerds'
Wired.com now has some of its news for subscribers only
The following sites offer newsletters geared to web-centric computing:: eweek primarily news; many topics; Informit (self-serving) white papers from vendors; InfoWorld News, reviews, opinions.; ComputerWorld, sister to InfoWorld, is less oriented to web development issues; TechRepublic.com Technical news, articles on web services, CSS, XHTML, JavaScript, etc.
The following excellent blogs and tweets are interesting for people interested in design and web standards:: About.com maintains lists of folks who blog about web development and about HTML and CSS; A List Apart - focused on design; Remy Sharp - also focused on design - HTML5, CSS3; He tweets at @rem. Remy Sharp is the co-author of Introducing HTML5 (with Bruce Lawson) and also writes for html5doctor; Peter-Paul Koch, who writes keeps the best tables on compatibility of browsers. His quirksmode.org site is invaluable and you can follow him on twitter @ppk; Bruce Lawson sometimes writes for webstandards.org and he blogs, but his tweets are usually personal. He also is an Opera evangelist.; Adactio is by Jeremy Keith, who has written great books on DOM scripting and works to promote web standards. He also writes for webstandards.org as does Bruce Lawson. On Twitter Keith is @adactio; Blog written by John Resig, creator of jQuery. On Twitter he is @jeresig Resig is more interested in JavaScript and jQuery, while some of the earlier people listed on this page are more interested in design (HTML5/CSS3) issues.; Jeffrey Zeldman is one of the early vocal advocates for web standards, and has published popular books on the subject. On twitter he is @zeldman; Blog by Christain Heilman, another developer. His tweets @codepo8 are sometimes personal, but often technically valuable.; UIE.com Jared Spool is the chief here and he tweets as @jmspool; another excellent source is Alertbox or Nielsen Norman Group from the justly famous Jakob Nielsen. Both also publish excellent newsletters.; w3fools maintains a list of important tweeters near the bottom of their page; zdnet links to 100 technology experts on twitter, with short descriptions; For accessibility issues the best newsletter is from Laura Carlson, (but Jared Spool and Jakob Nielsen focus on usability and hence have a lot to say about accessibility.) Subscribe by emailing her at lcarlson@d.umn.edu. Her weekly newletter also updates other design issues.; Luke Wroblewski writes about responsive web design and tweets as @lukew; Addy Osmani tweets and blogs. He worked on Web Start Kit at Google. Some are quite advanced.; Zoltan Hawryluk blogs about many things, with a graphics interest. Advanced.; Ariya Hidayat tweets and blogs with a JavaScript focus. Advanced; Also, I tweet @msmenzin

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HTML and XHTML, including CSS

XHTML/HTML and HTML5

Books and Documentation for HTML5 and XHTML

Books
HTML5: The Definitive Guide 6th Edition by Chuck Musciano & Bill Kennedy, and Estelle Weyl is due out in July 2014, after many delays.: Previous versions were clear, with plenty of examples; had a short tutorial first, and then had a lot of detail and were useful as a reference
HTML and CSS: The Complete Refence 5th Edition by Thomas A. Pwell, published by Osborne 2010. Most recent of several excellent reference books
HTML, XHTML, and CSS Bible (Bible) 5th Edition by Bryan Pfaffenberger, Bill Karow, Chuck White, and Steven M. Schafer published by Wiley, 2010: The 'Bible' reference books are usually the most complete and usually invaluable
Introducing HTML5 by Bruce Lawson and Remy Sharp published 2011 by New Riders: Excellent book from two of the authors on html5doctors.com; it is also worth following them on twitter.
HTML5 Up and Running by Mark Pilgrm published 2010 by OReilly: Also good; This was originally published on line as "Dive into HTML5" and it is still available as such, for example on GitHub and as a pdf or as a series of web pages in various places..; It has the clearest discussion I know of the various video codecs.; There is also an appendix on line.
Tables of special characters (accented letters, apostrophes, etc.)
About.com
w3schools has HTML entities alphabetically &mdash e.g. the sign for an angle is under 'a'
w3c.org: Includes mathematical characters and descriptions; Also available here
Characters in order of their Unicode number from w3c.org: Also available here
HTML.su entities: An easy to scan table which includes mathematical symbols and letters from other languages
All Unicode characters, arranged by language, symbols, etc.: This is a very easy to use set of tables and my first choice.; another scancable table of unicode characters; Older but useful pages for multi-lingual unicode symbols
Characters, Entities and Fonts from w3c.org: with descriptive information. To go beyond these you may need to use MathML markup or the entry below on combining Unicode characters with diacritical marks.
Tables of entities: Tables are broken into groups e.g. math, punctuation etc. so may be easier to find what you need; Web Standards' similar tables; And, naturally, at Wikipedia>; Link to easy page on how to code for superscripts, subscripts and diacritical marks, as well as links to mathematical and other symbols.
How to combine Unicode characters: Useful should you need to to add diacritical marks
Extended Latin Alphabet: Letters for French, Sweedish, etc. No symbols, but much easier to use if you need only these letters. With more characters too.
Where is my character? explains how to use the code charts and leads to the FAQs on combining characters.: Then go to the links to all code charts which are also at this page You can find codes for subscripts and superscripts; Explains how to combine characters and has a useful chart of diacritical marks; Wikipedia leads to information about normalizing so that you don't reinvent an existing combination. You can test your hex conversions on this page from textmechanic.
m dashes vs. n dashes old but useful article
Tables of HTML5 (and HTML4) and XHTML tags, elements and attributes
w3schools table of all HTML4 and HTML5 tags, attributes, colors, etc.;
HTML5 Elements and Attributes: Useful table; need to click on a term on left side and relevant info appears on right
HTML5 Visual Cheat-sheet: All one one page so compact but missing info about what attributes are still supported. From woorkup.com
11 features became obsolete in HTML5
Mozilla site on HTML5 tags per w3c.org: List is organized by function and clickable for detailed information. Deprecated older tags are omitted. Excellent resource.
HTML5 cheet sheet from Veign Older, so may not have the latest changes: Four pages, but with useful information about attributes supported and whether the tag is in HTMl4 or 5 or both
Dzone Refcardz on HTML5: TheRefcardz are free and excellent
Complete documentation on XHTML from w3c.org
XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition): Guidelines so your XHTML will work in existing HTML browsers
Cheat sheet for XHTML: A bit hard to read, but useful if you have forgotten some syntax details. Old, and does not include HTML5
HTML/XHTML in one page: Easy to use chart with all tags and doctypes ? last updated in August 2007, so no HTML5 info
The following articles refer to (the older) HTML, but still have some useful information:: XHTML Elements Library - HTML4 Tag Library from About.com.
Links to summary of tags for HTML/XHTML by function (at bottom) and alphabetically (to right of sponsored links box) and links to summary of modules (major chunks by function) for XHTML; HTML 4.01 Specification; You can also find the Forms specifications here.; HTML4 elements from w3c.org; HTML4 attributes from w3c.org Includes information on what is deprecated; IDocs References on HTML and tutorial
Doctypes, Mimetypes and preview of same for HTML5/XHTML
w3c Recommendations for Doctypes: Exactly what you need to know.
See next link for HTML5/XHTML information
HTML5 or XHTML: Has short summary of when to use which and list of references, including info on doctypes, where to stay on top of news, w3c recommendations, etc. More extensive references are on this page.
Serving the correct MIME type: Does not include HTML5/XHTML
Potential problems with very old browsers: In 2002 some browsers had problems with the XML declaration.
Modularization of XHTML; further articles are in the More Advanced Articles section
Modularization of XHTML1.1 from w3c;: Includes information on changes from XHTML1.0
XHTML Basic description and documentation from w3c;: XHTML Basic is a minimal subset for 'small user agents' (cell phones, smart watches, TV's)
The Image Map module: For creating clickable image maps
XHTML Working Group Roadmap but this work was stopped in 2010.: What modules and versions will be coming your way and when
Other XHTML and HTML5 documentation Please also check Other HTML and XHTML Links and Resources as many of them also have documentation and reference tables in addition to articles
XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition): Making sure your XHTML is displayed properly in (old) HTML browsers; from w3.org. This article also includes information about various DOCTYPEs.
Setting the character set encoding: More information on character set encodings is in the Tutorials section.
The DOM model: The DOM has become very important (e.g. for CSS and AJAX). Tutorials and Articles on the DOM are listed separately in the JavaScript section. This reference is from the JavaScript Kit.
Structure of Unicode
The w3c on tables in HTML5: Almost all of tables' attributes must now be set with CSS; be sure to also check the next section.

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Tutorials and Articles for HTML and XHTML

Note: At the time of this update most tutorials still begin with basic HTML, essentially HTML4.01, and then progress to either XHTML1.x or HTML5.
If you need XML extensions and namespaces (e.g. for ChemML or eBXML) you will need to use XHTML.
Otherwise you most likely should use HTML5, which now includes MathML and SVG.

In either case, if you are new to HTML you should begin with basic HTML and then progress to either HTML5 or XHTML.
If you are not sure which you will need then you can write "polyglot" which may be rendered correctly in either.
In keeping with what is found online, we start with the basic HTML tutorials and then the transitions to XHTML and HTML5.

Tutorials and Elementary Articles

Basic HTML
w3.org training: Largely duplicates the material from the old, excellent Opera site, but is current and uses HTML5.; Also General information about web design curricula and standards
Web Design Reference Guide from Peachpit Press: More sophisticated, and with attention to accessibiltiy and usability, this is a good way to build your knowledge once you have done some basic work.
w3schools tutorial on HTML: Certainly one of the most popular sites, because of its clarity.
It also is current about such matters as using headings (h1 through h6) to convey meaning (semantics.)
You should be aware, however, that it has errors which are detailed at w3fools.com a site you should use at the same time.
Responses to this may be found at readwriteweb.com and by following the links there.
HTMLdog: An excellent, clear and error free set of tutorials on HTML and CSS. The site has be updated to HTML5.
Very slow introduction to HTML assuming you have never used it before.
Beginner 's Guide to HTML: A clear, concise introduction with links to activities for teachers and information about many web related activities, e.g. safe searching.
Webplatform.org has tutorials and reference material.: (This is the old Opera Web Standards Curriculum.) It includes HTML5, but starts with a basic tutorial. Near the bottom of the Background page is a clickable reference to each topic.; An excellent site, which is also oriented towards best practices in writing clear semantic markup. Tabs at the bottom of each page lead you to other areas — e.g. the DOM, CSS, etc. Each has basic learning material and reference material, but the site is not specific on how current it is. For example, the CSS section does not mention CSS3.
The following tutorials are on HTML4 and so be careful about them. They are included here for their clarity.
Introduction to HTML
Dave Ragett's Tutorials on HTML: Even though you should start with HTML5 or XHTML, this is such a clear, concise tutorial it's a classic.; There are also links to his advanced tutorial, his tutorial on CSS, and to his invaluable HTMLTidy (which turns HTML into XHTML).
HTML Tutorial from EchoEcho.com: Another clear HTML tutorial; has some more advanced features - e.g. meta tags refresh, etc. The navigation is so clear that you can quickly zoom to any details you need. Unfortunately, it has not been updated to HTML5.
Google Code's Tutorials on HTML, CSS and JavaScript: A wonderful set of tutoirals and exercises once you know a little HTML has been removed by Google so that they can promote their own Go language. Emphasizes best practices in coding, including proper semantic use of tags. This is a pity, but some videos are still available on YouTubeand continued here; and also at Codeloam. Do not skip the exercise videos.
Web Design 1 at Interact.webdesign.com: Great lists of books and articles for basic HTML, XHTML and CSS. Sadly, not kept up to date (nothing beyond 2009) and so nothing about HTML5.
w3.org tutorials on HTML: Have the advantage of not teaching deprecated tags, but parts are not yet available, and you will do a lot of clicking. Largely duplicates the ones at the Opera site above
30 html best practices for beginners
Obsolete features which HTML5 dropped (and were in HTML4.01): You want to stay away from oboslete features such as center, font, frame and frameset, big, blink, u; all are listed here.; html dog also has a list of bad tags and attributes.
Articles on Basic Topics
Articles on Tables
Please see Responsive Web Design in the CSS section of this page.
Templates for tables for displaying tabular data
Styling tables from w3schools using CSS: If your favorite attributes are not available in HTML5 this is a good place to start
Columns and column groups
Articles on Fonts: Please also refer to the sections on Site Design and Browsers
Font rendering in different platforms: Includes valuable screen shots of Courier and Arial in different browsers on PCs and Macs
Browser News' font resources: Includes a very useful chart of which fonts are found on Windows, Macs and Linux machines
Common fonts on Windows and their Mac equivalents: Table shows fonts and their equivalents, but it is hard to see some of the differences
Font Families: How to Decide Which Font Family to Use ? ?: Serif, Sans?Serif, Monospace, Script, Fantasy families
Fonts which also work for RWD or Responsive Web Design
Fonts: w3c's definitions of the font characteristics you may specify, and how to do it.
Articles on Lists: Beginning with XHTML1.0 strict this must be done through styling.; This also works on mobile devices
Ordered lists how to change the enumeration (e.g. Roman, Arabic numerals, letters, etc.): Beginning with XHTML1.0 strict and HTML5 this must be done through styling.; This also works on mobile devices; The starting point of the numbering/lettering may also be specified
Possible values for list-style-type: To specify shape of bullet (or none) for unordered lists and method of enumerating (numbers, letters, etc.) for ordered lists
Guidelines for formatting lists
Articles on other specific topics
Attributes and XML Introduction.
The span and div Tags: Clear summary of the similarities and differences; Beginning with HTML5, one should prefer section, article, etc. tags to div where appropriate
What's in a Title: What the title tag does for you and how to find it.
Properly using CSS and Scripts with XHTML - please also see section below on CSS: From Mozilla; with examples
Using an HTML Validator: Please also see section below on HTMLTidy
Quirks Mode - Using the DOCTYPE Tag: Why you need the DOCTYPE
Information on the DOM is at DOM - advanced articles on JavaScript
Attributes for the Image tag
Checklist for your web page: Good checklist on everything from correct spelling to making sure your image files are small enough to download rapidly (12Kb)

Forms, Post and Get - see also section on CGI

A Useability checklist for forms: Excellent article
HTML Goodies: CGI articles: Excellent introduction to what CGI is and why it's needed.
Focus on forms: The focus() and blur() methods
Checkboxes vs. Radio Buttons: From Jakob Nielsen, the great guru on usability
The Disabled attribute in forms: This allows you to fill in a field and prevent the user from changing it
HTML4 Forms from w3c.org: Includes some advanced methods - e.g. fieldset for grouping related elements and control elements;
Information on forms for XHTML are available forms for XHTML
XForms for HTML Authors: The w3c.org explains how to convert Forms to Xforms
Emailing Forms Data: Scripts to send form data by email, if you don't want to use the preferred CGI script

If you need to transition to XHTML with XHTML tutorials: The links below are tutorials on HTML and articles on why you might move to XHTML.Remember that for most purposes you really want to move to HTML5, but there are still many sites which use XHTML.; w3techs tracks usage of XHTML and HTML monthly and follows trends.
HTML5 or XHTML: Has short summary of when to use which and list of references, including info on doctypes, where to stay on top of news, w3c recommendations, etc. More extensive references are on this site.
Why switch to XHTML?: This article is from 2007, and unless you need an XML namespace, you are more likely to use HTML5.; You can find current XHTML and HTML5 usage at powermapper and at w3techs.com, which also surveys the usage of other technologies.
The Transition from HTML to XHTML From About.com
How to write HTML5 which is serailized as XHTML from IBM.: For a while it this was called XHTML5
XHTML Tutorial from w3schools.com: The w3schools tutorials are always a good place to begin, but again check with w3fools for errors. Most have been corrected.
XHTML tutorials from About .com.: Good but basic tutorials which you can have it emailed to you as a free course
WDVL: Introduction to XHTML, with eXamples
Introduction to the Web Standards Curriculum: A very gentle introduction to XHTML, CSS and JavaScript; well-written, but doesn't go very far. Currently being revised, expanded.
Tutorials from w3c.org.: Includes links to some advanced tutorials.
Modularization of XHTML: Good introduction to modularization of XHTML for XHTML; Also discusses the Transitional, Strict, and Frameset subsets of XHTML
Description of all the modules in XHTML 1.1

HTML5, including tutorials and more advanced articles

Articles on the Transition to HTML5 (and more advanced HTML) for those with knowledge of basic HTML: More advanced tutorials and articles will be found in the HTML5 Tutorials and Advanced Articles sections below.
HTML5 Tips and Tricks: A very good place to start, including links to HTML5 Test to see how HTLML5 compliant your browser is and to DiveIntoHTML5's guide to detecting HTML5 features and to Modernizr, which is a complete library of functions to do the same for you.
The site also has some more sophicsticated articles and templates.
w3schools introduction to HTML5: Pages with new tags, changes from old tags. Their usual high level of clarity, but perhaps less detailed than some of their other sub–sites. Still a good place to start.
10 new tags you should know about.: From TechRepublic; whets your apetite.
HTML5 features: More sophisticated - read after the w3schools material, but very useful.
HTML5 for Web Developers A good, quick article
Coming Attrctions:: My compilation of older articles and references on this topic. Not for newbies, but has links to all the detailed information and specs.
DiveIntoHTML5: More detailed information about new elements in HTML5 — canvs, new input types, etc.
A selection of articles on Why HTML5 and what it is about: What is HTML5? Historical description of why we need it with many references; What is new in HTML5? About.com introductory article with more on tags and differences from HTML4; w3c documentation on differences from HTML4
Information on HTML5 additions to forms, such as new input types, is available at: w3c documentation; Dive Into HTML5 chapter on forms,; HTML5Doctor.com; html5rocks.com; Inforworld overview of forms in HTML5; >New input types for forms from html5doctor and w3schools; HTML5 in the web browser is a detailed article on forms, but some parts may be out of date, especially if you use jQuery or Modernizr.; Mozilla which is a more sophisticated discussion.
Articles on new tags at hrml5doctor. Organized and clear
HTML5 Tutorials in order of increasing sophistication
w3schools tutorial on HTML5
htmldog.com has tutorials of increasing difficulty on html5, css and javascript.: None of them gets really advanced, but they are html5 right from the git-go.
Udemy (currently) free courseon HTML5: Starts with the basics, but goes through graphics; uses w3schools site also.; As always, check with w3fools.com for errors
Dive into HTML5 by Mark Pilgrim who wrote the book HTML5 UP and Running. This may also be found on Github and another place on Github and also in in PDF thanks to Mislav Marohnic: Excellent organized tutorial on HTML5. Appendix A has code for detecting the features of HTML5, although I think today many people would just use Modernizr. Still, this is a great place to go before you read the articles on one or two particular features.Highly recommended. There is also a useful Table of Contents
Video tutorials on everything from the new elements for media, etc. to geolocation, and tag references
w3c quick-start guide for people who are already knowledgeable about HTML4.01
HTML5 Fundamentals from IBM: An excellent high-level summary for people who have already written some web pages. Highly recommended. Click on link near the top to get to the other parts in the series.
New Elements in HTML5 from IBM: Does not cover canvas and new multimedia elements but has a very clear description of the new semantic elements.
New structural elements from the w3.org wiki: Another good article on same subject.
HTML Goodies Tutorials: Tutorials on both HTML4.01 and HTML5. Usually well-written, though some of the older ones are dated.
Mozilla demos and tutorials on HTML5: Mozilla has put together demos and information about the new features in HTML5. These are excellent, but I would read the Dive Into HTML5 tutorials first, then go here for the advanced details.; Mozilla links to references and tutorials from novice to advanced
IBM has a wondeful set of articles on HTML5: Part 1 Getting started, with a little CSS; Part 2 Forms; Part 3Drawing, video, local storage; Part 4More drawing and animation
There are HTML5 Videos on Lynda.com, free for Simmons students.
More advanced HTML5 tutorials, often with an eye towards fancy graphics:: html5rocks.com tutorials A variety of tutorials on topics of interest to the site authors; will keep you current, but not an organized way to learn HTML5.; 15 HTML5 tutorials and cheat sheets Similar to the above and also available here.
p2pu.org tutorials: The tutorials on multmedia, block elements and line elements are current; some of the other tutorials are out of date.
Articles on More Advanced Specific Features, especially including features new to HTML5
Articles on the section and article tags and semantic markup. Remember that articles are stand–alone and sections are pieces: Good introduction to these elements from w3schools; The section element short and clear; The article tag — a short exposition; The content model and two short demo 1 and demo 2 on using it. With links to templates.; w3c diagram on kinds of content with links to documentation
Articles on canvas and SVG(requires knowledge of JavaScript) for drawing: About.com tutorial on the canvas element and why you want to use it.; an example; Top 10 featues in canvas from David Geary, who wrote the book on this.; The most popular book on it is Core HTML5 Canvas by David Geary; Dzone has a Refcardx on canvas; Blurs and roatations; Canvas vs. SVG — when to use each, and what SVG does; w3schools compares canvas and SVG and suggests when to use each.; Part 1 and Part 2 of SVG tutorial from HTML Goodies; Gentle tutorial on SVG from about.com; SVG tutorial and references; some canvas questions answered
Local Storage or how to store information in the browser: Gentle introduction from About.com; and one from w3schools; Dive into HTML5 has usual clear explanation; Long, clear discussion from computerworld.com; And IndexedDB
The tel(ephone) type input element: with a regex pattern match for the U.S. and Canada and how it differs from the email and URL input types
Data and Code elements: And data URLs
wrapping anchors around just about anything
More Advanced Articles NOTE: Information on the DOM is at DOM - advanced articles on JavaScript Articles which require the use of CSS (e.g. for draga and drop) or JavaScript are in their respective sections
htmlgoodies has articles on a variety of advanced features: Some, such as the download and output attribute are not supported by all browsers (see use of Modernizr below). Also includes articles on CSS, JavaScript, and mobile. A topic list for HTML5 and for more HTML5 topicssuch as drag and drop, more on videos, etc. is helpful. Articles include code.
Bruce Lawson maintain a site with many interesting articles and clear navigation: Very useful
Ranges and sliders are available for input and also to show progress.
MathML is implemented in HTML5. Useful articles are at:: Planet WebKit (search for Math ML); site with many links; w3.org tutorial on MathML is clear and extensive; Short clear tutorial from XMLMind.; Rypress introduciton
Writing Off Line Apps: documentation for off line apps from the w3c
Microdata and webmonkey introduction
Using Web Pages with Excel: How to set up your web page so that it may be downloaded into Excel
or create basic charts on your page.
Fun eye candy with no information about how they are written.
Should you abandon table-based layouts in favor of CSS?: Yes- almost always! And this articles explains why
The document character set (Unicode): What are charsets all about?; How do I use them - a tutorial; Q & A blog on charsets

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Links and Resources for HTML and XHTML

Validators, HTML Tidy and the connections between HTML and XHTML

HTML Tidy is the standard for XHTML validation.
Originally developed at the w3c, it is now under the aegis of Source Forge, the huge open source organization. It will also turn HTML into XHTML, but it is obviously better to start with XHTML.

HTML tidy service - this is the place I recommend going!!: HTML Tidy on-line (interactive). Fast and easy to use.You don't need to learn all the details of HTML Tidy to use this page. Also both file upload or URL versions at w3c
General information about HTMLTidy and its capabilities: Although this page describes itself as 'somewhat dated', it has a lot of excellent information as well as a Link to Source Forge and current versions of HTML Tidy.
HTML Tidy Project Page: The actual HTML Tidy programs, which you may download if you wish to 'Tidy' your pages off-line.
Also HTML Tidy - Frequently Asked Questions and HTML Tidy Configuration Options Quick Reference: Options you may set for HTML Tidy at SourceForge. This is a huge site, with a library of Tidy that you can call in various languages, and tools for version management.; Explains how to download your own copy of HTML Tidy and set the options
XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition): How to write HTML which is XHTML compatible so there is less to 'Tidy' up
There are other validators
w3c validator for HTML 5: Still in beta in August 2014, but this is the spot to watch for future releases.; Links for the entire w3c suite of validators (low cost)
WHATWG Validator for HTML5: Two tools to validate online files, either HTML or XHTML
CSE HTML Validator Online Check: On-line HTML Validator; There is a free version.
Mozilla's has links to several validators.: There is also a Validator add-on for Firefox
HTML Kit has several tools, including: Customizable HTML editor with HTML Tidy and beyond for validation; free for personal use.
Validator advice and common 'gotchas': for older XHTML pages; from AListApart
Advice on validation and links to validators: Many useful links;explanation of linters vs validators.
Links to many validators, link checkers: Includes other tools for analyzing and optimizing web site traffic, etc.

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HTML and XHTML Editors

Links to 31 free XHTML editors for Windows: Brief description of each editor; Large parts of this page were composed on Evrsoft's excellent 1st page; Notepad++ is a popular, excellent choice; Komodo Edit is an excellent tool, available for Windows, OSX or Linux. Also edits perl, php and python files; NoteTab Lite is another choice.
Amaya is the w3c's browser/editor and it is designed to work with mathematical expressions and MathML.
For Macs and OSX: TextWrangler is the editor of choice for many Mac users; Fetch is another popular Mac editor; Komodo Edit is an excellent tool, available for Windows, OSX or Linux. Also edits perl, php and python files
HTML Editors and Software for Web Development: Editors, image map tools, etc. Reviews of same.
prettydiff allows you to compare, prety print or minify html files
WYSISYG Editors - a few of which are free: The list includes the usual commercial products - Dreamweaver, Adobe, etc. and links to them
ZDNet's Download site is another source of editors.: Some reviews. Editors range from free to expensive. Many have free trial or less fancy free version. Check ZDNet's general download site for site management and design tools.
SourceForge, the huge open source software foundation: Also maintains a list of editor projects (including editors for other languages and the highly regarded Notepad++); Of course, everything is free, but the site is overwhelming.
HyperText Builder 2006: Earlier versions of this freeware editor were highly reviewed.; Includes tools for developing server-side PHP scripts, but probably not HTML5
html–kit has an inexpensive editor.

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Link Checkers

Link Valet: Free and easy to use. Color coded report makes it easy to find broken links, although some fancy 'error pages' don't get picked up as broken.
w3c link checker
ZDNet also has a list of link checkers.: List is updated and includes prices, release date, and some reviews.

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Browsers including issues on standards compliance

Because browsers vary in their support of standards, it is important to test on all browsers in common use and know where you may get into trouble

Survey of browser usage: But beware that Netscape and Mozilla may be confounded; See also description of Mozilla
Most recent version of Firefox: With access to other Mozilla products including SeaMonkey for all browsers
Archive of old browsers so you can test your site on all browsers.: This is really a one-stop place and is the easiest way to find old versions of Firefox.; Also has Bobby (for low vision viewers), Safari for Macs, Flock (social browser).; Of course, all versions of IE, including for handhelds, are here.
SillyDog: Archive of old (and current) Netscape Navigator browsers for PC's, Macs, Linux, etc.
Current Opera browser: Mobile version of browser also available here
Netscape archive of its browsers
Doctype switch and the difference between Quirks and Standard mode: Also has useful table on how older browsers handle various doctypes and articles on same topic.
Quirks mode for Mozilla browsers: Clear description of why Quirks mode is needed and how it works
Quirks mode and various elements as implemented in various browsers: Very useful set of tables from Peter-Paul Koch, who is always worth reading.
How your page looks in Lynx, a text-only browser: and their bugs. Useful but outdated.
AListApart articles on browsers: Many of these articles are on CSS and site design issues.
Don't tell them what browser to use: Test for features instead (see below about Modernizr) and use the standards!

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Issue in Site and Page Design

Information on Color and Graphics

The RGB Monitors: HTMLgoodies explains how colors are specified in HTML and why; scroll down for tutorials and articles
You want to use browser safe, or non-dithering, colors: Lynda.com is the most famous site for browser safe colors, You may view the colors arranged by hue (also found here) or by value (similar intensity/impact.), also found here
Other pages with browser-safe colors may be found at: Cloford has some nice info and charts; The Visual QuickStart Guide on XHTML and CSS; w3schools; U. Illinois; HTMLgoodies has a site on color and graphics; Links to free graphics, tools, resources etc. near the bottom of the page; About.com and those named and links to all browser safe colors; Cloford.com - Charts on colors, special characters, country codes
Dmitry's Color Lab: Excellent advice and information about color and design; several pages
Designing a Color Graphics Page: This includes a checklist for situations where color is critical ? e.g. for air traffic controlers; very detailed discussion of luminence , contrast, color schemes, etc.; This site also has information on Using color in information display graphics
Optimizing Web Graphics: A bit dated, but many wonderful tools and links, and no one minds a fast download
Color Wheel and color theory: Many useful links to tools and other resources
Tools for re-sizing images
How to add video to your web pages
Sources of free images and icons: HTML Writers' Guild -Links to several libraries of buttons,rules, etc.; Realm Graphics - 150 icons by type; Good source; Clip-art.com- Enormous collection of free clip art; Bullets, dots, etc.; Yahoo 's list of icon collections- Always a good place to start; Index of bullets - Useful site for colored bullets; Webshots Photos - Enormous collection of photos, very well categorized; has several of everything you can think of; may also use it them as screen savers; GraphixKingdom - Large collection of clip art by category; Icon Browser - Large collection of icons, but not categorized, so time-consuming to use; Barry's Clip Art - Another huge, categorized source; Animated smilies

Page Design - Including Usability

Books
Don't Make Me Think: A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability 2nd Edition by Steve Krug 2005: Good place to start if you've never thought about navigation etc.
Designing Interfaces by Jenifer Tidwell published by O'Reilly 2005: From author's experiece designing interfaces for the Math Works; very sophisticated; will be most appreciated by tose with a visual deign sense
The Non-Designer's Design Book by Robin Willams published by Pechpit Press 1994: I like this outstanding book even better than her Non-Designer's Web Book; basic principles on layout, mixing fonts etc. Short and wonderful
Web Style Guide: Basic Design Principles for Creating Web Sites; Second Edition by Patrick J. Lynch and Sarah Horton; Yale University Press 2002: Classic guide for graphic designers; also available on- line (see below)

Articles
The Basics of Page Layout: Basic - which is a good place to start. Links at the bottom to other information; On the same site is good advice about balance, contrast,etc. and also about creating designs which serve the sites' goals.
Things Every Web Designer Should Know: Also reminds you about guides or making your site efective, and reminds you of how little we scan rather than read on?line.
Design Principles: Alignment: Compare screenshots of various alignments with a brief discussion of them.
Lynch and Horton on Page Design: This chapter of their on?line book is meaty, not difficult, but not casual reading.
Visual vs structural approach to page design
Graceful degration and progressive enhancement: For advanced coders;article continues.
AListApart: Has articles on writing for the web and also on layout and many other topics including maps; AListApart is a professional web designers' site but their articles are quite accessible.
On-line writing style: From Lynch and Horton's classic book
How to write headlines, page titiles and subject lines

The F-shaped pattern for reading on the web: From Jakob Nielsen, one of the great gurus of usability. (Note: This pattern is know for web pages, but may not apply to smartphones.)
How visuals draw attention: Interesting and subtle
Tips for fast-loading pages: Useful for large pages/sites; from Mozilla
Checklist for creating web pages
The all important back button: Links near the bottom lead to more articles about navigation
Slash - getting URLs right
Screen resolution and page layout
Checkboxes vs. Radio Button: Article by Jakob Nielsen, the great guru of usability.; His web site has many articles on usability, including; The Top 10 mistakes of web design and the all-important Usability 101. Also annual lists of best and worst web sites.
Useability checklist for forms: Good advice!
Usability.gov: Many articles, templates and lots of good advice about usability.; Includes information about the process of developing a site; as well as on planning, writing, programming and usability testing.; A treasure trove of information.
Interaction design: A very sophisticated article from the usability experts at User Interface Enginneering; They also offer a free newsletter with usability tips.
Please also see tools for accessibility below

Site Design.
Please be sure to also read about Responsive Web Design (design for all screen sizes and devices) in the CSS Section

Books
Information Architecture for the World Wide Web 3rd Edition by Peter Morville, Louis Rosenfeld, 2006: For designing very large sites; very current - tagging etc.
Articles
Art and the Zen of Web Sites: Humorous but very on-target advice (OK, we don't advocate tables for layout any more, but the rest of the advice is great.)
Dmitry's Design Lab: Great advice on site design, navigation, etc. Great place to start
Web Style Guide: On-line version of Horton and Lynch's classic book, now in its 3rd edition; Good advice on everything from typography to navigation and on to site design; A complete course! Also further references
Navigation advice: From evolt.org
Where Am I?: Good advice on navigation
Navigational State of Confusion: The difference between navigational and iterative tasks ? and links to many other design articles
What makes for a good site?
How to drive your readers away
Showcase of 83 navigations: Beautiful graphics but the coding is variations on a few themes
Articles on site design, layout and graphic design: From AListApart (site oriented to graphic artists).
Designing the Obvious: Excerpt from Hoekman's book of the same name; continues at part 2 and part 3
Optimizing Flow in Web Design: Excerpt from Andrew King's book of the same title
Choosing a CMS - What you Need to Know: Choosing a CMS (Content Management System): needed for large or active sites
Drupal Powerful open source CMS: David Mercer's book Drupal: Creating Blogs, Forums, Portals, And Community Websites has been well reviewd, as has his book on Drupal 6
Typo3 is another open source CMS
Google WebMaster Tool to generate a site map, and many other webmaster tools

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Tools for Accessibility - e.g. for color-blind and low-vision users

Web Accessibility Initiative: W3c's links to everything you could need to know about accessibility problems on-line and how to address them. The w3c.org also has a Content Accessibility Curriculum
Accessibiility standards, issues, recommendations: This site, from the U. of Minnesota - Duluth, is one of the most complete references available on this subject.
Color Deficient Vision: See how your site looks to someone who is color-blind with links (at bottom) to transforming tools.
Color-blind simulator
Testing and tools for color blind users
Microsoft reference on color blindness: Older but very useful article
Accessibility and the Web - Designing Web Pages that are Color-Blind Friendly: Rules so your site will be accessible for the color-blind
Web documentation for aural style sheets: From w3.org
Web Standards: Webstandards.org is devoted to affordable accessibility for all.
Through their site you may obtain the British guide to accessible sites
Creating accessible tables from the w3c.org: How to create tables (for tabular information, not for layout) which work for Braille readers, cell phones, etc.; This is a free service which validates for conformance to accessibility rules.
Lynx Viewer: Lynx is a text-only browser.

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Search Engines and Getting Found

SearchEngines.com - search engine rankings and search engine optimization tips.: Largest site on search engines; newsletters etc. How to get found and news
Search Engines: What's the Difference?: Google vs. Yahoo vs. Ask
Goodies to Go! Overview of Search Engines
How Search Engines Work: Several pages, including good information you'll want to know on how they rank pages
Major Search Engines and Directories: Major search engines and how to get listed
Before You Write Meta Tags: Uses for meta-tags, including general and internal search engines; w3schools has examples.; How to write meta-tags for search engines and for site management
The impact of links and link text on search engine placement: Getting found
Search Engine Optimatization techniques a short introduction
10 Tips for Optimizing a Web Page for Search Engines: A clear explanation in a longer article
Google's Adwords Tool and Keywords Tool: Allows you to test keywords and also make suggestions. Invaluable!; Google has tips for using the tools, as does ProBlogger; Google also has a PageRank checker
What is a link farm: And why being listed on one makes it harder to get found and how to stay away from them
Web Analytics: Introduction to the terms in web analytics ? which is about analyzing the visits to your site.; See also what they can track and many links on both pages

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CSS or Cascading Style Sheets

Books and Documentation for CSS

Please note that many sites are a combination of tutorials, articles, documentation, examples and information about tools. All these are found in the Links and Resources for CSS section, so be sure to check out that section too. Also, some browsers (IE7) do not fully supportCSS2; please check CSS in Different Browsers section for details.

Books, in addition to CSS coverage in XHTML books and DOM coverage in JavaScript books
Cascading Style Sheets: The Definitive Guide 3rd Edition by EricA. Meyer published by O'Reilly 2006: Excellent both to learn from and as a reference
The Zen of CSS Design: Visual Enlightenment for the Web The Zen of CSS Design: Visual Enlightenment for the Web 2005: Book version of the famous web site; lots of information
Cascading Style Sheets 2.0 Programmer's Reference by Eric A. Meyer published by Osborne, 2001: Strictly a reference
The w3c maintains a short list of books and tutorials on CSS.: They also date the material and tell you what level it is at.
The superb site at the University of Minnesota has a list of good CSS books, although they don't specify the level of the books.
Douglas Bowman has a page of books and favorite sites worth following: Bowman is the Creative Director at Twitter and well worth following.
Documentation
W3C on CSS2: See especially section 5 on selectors, 6 on assigning property values and the cascade and @import rule, section 4.3.6 on colors, section 7 on media types, and Appendices F and G for charts on descriptors and property values (including default values).; CSS2 properties for mobile broswers has the subset of CSS2 mobile browsers are supposed to aim for, but check quirksmode.com for current implementations.
W3C on the Cascade
Full table of CSS2 properties: There may not be an analagous table for CSS3 yet.
Style Activity Statement: Status of various w3c projects on style sheets - including CSS and XSL; see also Style Homepage
CSS Validator from w3c.org
CSS Cheat Sheets
A particularly good one for CSS3 is fromVeign courtesy of Smashing Magazine.

Dzone has CSS refcards.: Dzone requires a free registration, but has excellent cards.
Sitepoint has an excellent css reference: In addition, there are clear explanations of various CSS concepts and examples.
As always quirksmode.com has the definitive tables on browser implementations of CSS
The w3 table of extended color keywords in CSS3, as part of their color module spec.
Case sensitivity:: Theoretically,per the w3c, css is case insensitive, including for properties and values, but in Mozilla disagrees that this happens in practice, and in quirksmode and in XHTML documents in certain browsers, class names, font family names, and URLs will be case sensitive.
Table styling has been extended in CSS3: The w3c documentation is complete, but not necessarily easy to learn from.
A selection of CSS2 cheat sheets, many of which are still useful:
: There is also a Veign cheat sheet for CSS2; A very compact CSS2 cheat sheet which is hard to use unless you already know most of it.; Blooberry has a useful alphabetical list of properties
CSS Reference Table: Very useful table of attributes and values but only as far as CSS2; from Builder.com
CSS Reference table: Only CSS1, but a good clear place for a beginner to start, as is the guide. There is also a table for CSS2
CSS reference table from XHTML.com
CSS structure and rules: A short tutorial with links to more tutorials at the bottom. CSS1 only, but very clear.
CSS for aural style sheets (pages which are read aloud): Also Web documentation for aural style sheets
CSS Documentation and articles: Many topics and useful resources; covers CSS1 and CSS2.
CSS Reference from w3schools: Their tutorials are very useful, and so are their references.; When you click on a property group you get a table which tells you which version of CSS first got that selector, etc.
CSS: The Definitive Guide - 1st edition by Eric Meyer: This is indeed the definitive guide. The on-line version, which has less explanatory material than the print version, is also available through Safari Books at the ACM; Discusses CSS1 thoroughly and looks ahead to CSS2
HTML Goodies' Reference: May cover only CSS1, but easy to use and fine until all common browsers implement CSS2 or you use CSS2's features

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Tutorials & Articles for CSS

Learning CSS: Books,tutorials, etc. on CSS from w3c.org
Starting with HTML + CSS: A first look at CSS from w3c.org; good place to start.
CSS Tutorial: From w3schools.com; another excellent introduction.
Dave Raggett's Introduction to CSS
RichInStyle.com CSS2 tutorial
Linking your style sheets to your html page
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) By Example: CSS Resources: Fine set of tutorials and links
Tutorial from EchoEcho.com: Basic, clear. Many links on site: tools, forums, reference links.
Beginner's tutorial from html.net: Useful index on the left side; through intermediate level.
MaxDesign's tutorials: On lists, floats, etc. Start with the SelectTutorial. These tutorials are intermediate level.
Quick Tutorial on CSS: From WDG and htmlhelp.com. May not include CSS2, but a fast start
Articles on how to link, classes vs id etc basic but very clear
WestCiv's tutorials: From beginning to advanced.
Another tutorial; this one is from CommunityMX: All sections are indexed in part 6; site also has tutorials on Flash, Dreamweaver, etc.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Tutorial: About.com 's CSS tutorials, including table of contents to various lessons. Also links to libraries, templates, and articles. They also offer more detailed CSS Lessons (Change the 1-1 in the URL to 2-1, etc. to go to next lesson. ) and many articles (You'll need to search for CSS, as the site keeps growing and has no hierarchical organization. Does have articles on specificity, CSS3, CSS browser support etc.)
Tutorial from Zvon.com: Also has links to tutorials on XML etc
10 Favorite CSS tutorials, with brief descriptions.: None is elementary.
Tutorial on internationalization and CSS3 from w3c.org
HTML Goodies - Explorer Tutorials: Well written tutorials, very clear, but maybe dated (e.g. CSS1 instead of CSS2)
WDVL: Introduction to Style Sheets: Tutorial on CSS - good top-down approach, but only CSS1; good links at bottom of page, including "up one level" for many articles
The Brain Jar on Positioning with CSS: There are other tutorials here too - e.g. on DOM and on using CSS
Lists in CSS.: Or the examples in coder tools
Elastic and Fluid CSS is more important now that screens come in so many sizes.: Elastic vs Fluid vs Fixed Width Layouts with an excellent clear explanation of the pros and cons. Start here.; A clear short introduction to elastic layouts, with the code.; Using ems and elastic layouts Once you know what you want, this will help you do it. The arithmetic will convince you use ems and there are references for further reading.; Speckyboy has many tools and examples
CSS and XSL: When to use which: The w3c says 'Use CSS when you can, use XSL when you must.'
Should you abandon tables for layout?: Almost always and here's why
Why you shouldn't use in-line CSS with a strict XHTML DOCTYPE
Friendlybit.com also has many articles on CSS, HTML and JavaScript,: Including a Beginner's Guide to CSS, and some simple templates.
CSS, PDFs, LaTeX and PrinceXML: Advanced.
In-line styling in CSS2: By Eric Meyer. Advanced
Case study of how Mozilla used CSS to redesign its DevEdge site
Case study of using CSS and JavaScript to design a menu bar
The CSS Anarchist: Older article on how to use CSS to wreck poorly coded sites and turn off blinking ads

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Links and Resources for CSS - Including Sample Layout Sources, Best Practices and Browser-Specific Tags

W3C home page on CSS: Links to articles, tutorials, documentation, roadmaps of what's coming, news, etc.
Learning CSS: Books and articles on learning CSS
W3C Core Styles: 8 style sheets on w3c's server which you can link to from your pages.
CSS Based Design: By Jeremy Keith, author of the wonderful DOM Scripting book
Many references on CSS: From Web design Group at htmlhelp.com; also a link to further references and a CSS Checker
U. of Minnesota - Duluth organizes everything: This well-organized site has tutorials on CSS, information on (literally) everything from headers to footers and everything in between.; They also have links to their sites on JavaScript, XML etc.
Open Directory - Computers: Data Formats: Style Sheets: CSS: Many links for HTML, XHTML and CSS
CSS Pointers: Another large compendium of articles, FAQs, tools, etc. For the Pros.
WDVL: Designing CSS Web Pages: Tutorials and recommended ' Designing CSS Web Pages', 2-part article on knowing who your audience is and how to design for it. Also CSS Resources at other sites
All CSS articles from About.com
Sidebars on CSS etc. for developers: These tools disappeared from Netscape's DevEdge site, and Mozilla has brought them back into its archives; the archives also have their CSS Central
CSS Validator From w3c
SelectOracle: Tells you what a complex selector does
Site for Eric Meyer, the great guru of CSS: He wrote the books on CSS (or at least two of the best). If you're going to be a power user it's worth checking his blog. You can also subscribe to the CSS-discuss mailing list and check out his cutting edge site.
CSS Zen Garden: This is the most amazing site of examples of what you can do with CSS. One page is transformed by over 900 style sheets. (Check the archives.)These are all done by professional graphic artists, but we can all admire them. They also have an excellent list of resources.; Daily Fun is similar to Zen Garden - i.e. many stylesheets for one page, but I prefer the ZenGarden.
Another amazing list of CSS resources is at Holy CSS Zeldman!: In addition to many CSS links, there are also links on JavaScript and AJAX.; It seems to me that you can find everything here: tutorials, books, sites, galleries at other sites (e.g. CSS Zen Garden), hints, etc.
www.friendlybit.com: has many articles on CSS, HTML and JavaScript,; including a Beginner's Guide to CSS, and some simple templates .
Advanced CSS Resources: Lots of good information, including properties, a clear explanation of the cascade, and tables on browser support. You may need to click through lots of pages to get to what you want.
Litmus, formerly CSS Vista: Tool to test your CSS in IE and Firefox at the same time. Account is free.
CSS Documentation and articles: Many topics and useful resources. Covers CSS1 and CSS2.
A trick/tool for debugging CSS
Examples of well-designed sites
New York Public Library Style Guide
CSS Pointers Authoring Tools: Also has information about browsers and XSL tools.
Codestyle.org: A site for developers; be sure to check their XHTML page too, as its FAQs include CSS questions.

CSS Best Practices

Good starting advice: Good classic advice (e.g. use comments, keep things tidy) which everyone should follow.
Introductory best practices with very elegant style for organizing and commenting your CSS.
Some former Yahoos have provided advice, starting out with 30 CSS Best Practices for Beginners: This also leads to a tutorial on object oriented CSS, which is intermediate level.; Another Yahoo offers Best practices for CSS and HTML. This is a rich site with many resources CSS (tempaltes, grids, etc.) and a tutorial for object oriented CSS.; Be sure to watch the video from this author Breaking good habits and see the related article on "Best Preactices Are Kiling Us"by another Yahoo. Luke Wroblewski, who is always worth listening to, has blogged about this.
CSS3 Best Practices emphasizes broswer support charts and how to test for browser specific prefixes. Good general advice, too.
Another good set of CSS3 best practices: Please note that many people, including me, disagree with omitting the optional closing tags. It develops very poor habits, especially if you ever need to use XHTML or polyglot code. There is a discussion of this issue here. Otherwise, this is a great guide.
Microsoft provides coding practices for large team projects.: Excellent advice for people who work on large projects or on projects others may need to maintain. Great examples of useful comments. Like others, she emphasizes the use of multiple classes, and she discusses matters such as whether or not to alphabetize.
Yahoo provides best practices for speeding up your site: So[histicated advice for those building large or complex sites.

Sample layouts:

Layouts from Eric Costello at glish.com: A half dozen classic layouts with code, and links to articles
Layout Gala: 40 different layouts you can download individually or all zipped together.; Also links to articles on using negative margins and other techniques.
OVer 250 free freee templates: Some of the later ones are fluid layouts.
Free templates designed by Six Shooter Media: A dozen elegant designs you can download. Also, some with floats or emphasizing typography
A Liquid Layout from MaxDesigns: It is also worth using the link at the top to go back to the article on this topic (ignoring IE5) and to go to the home page for recent articles.
About.com CSS templates without images so you can add your own. Good, straightforward.
Dreamtemplate has some free templates in additon to their subscription service.
More free templates by category of your audience
CSS Layouts: On-going blog about types of layouts, problems and hacks. Not elementary.
A few basic layouts with explanations: From the always elegant CSS Play. Includes responsive layouts
Lots more heavy of images: Other image heavy layouts are from Wix and templated.co and justfreetemplates and html5up
Fluid and elastic grid templates: For high end layouts and mobile layouts.
CSS Showcase: Gallery of very professional looking menus, tabs and layouts; also articles
CSS Drive: Reviewed and unreviewed designs. You need to work a bit to get to the code.
W3C Core Styles: Very basic

CSS in Different Browsers

Please also see Browsers section under XHTML Resources for information on usage and places to download all browsers.

Which CSS Properties are implemented in which browsers?
Far and away the best CSS content and selector implementation tables are from quirksmode.com: This site also has CSS Rules Compatability tables are from quirksmode.com, with information about what browser support the ability to change rules in the style sheets.
It is also the best source for mobile browser capabilties.; Access to all quirksmode tables for DOM and HTML5 implementations in various browsers is also nearby.
Table showing which browser support which CSS features: Very useful
The w3schools maintains a table of CSS properties implemented in various browsers.: The alphabetized table is easy to use, but it does not include information about mobile browsers.
Microsoft has detailed tables about IE implementations for various versions of IE.
Implementation of CSS3 pseudoclasses table goes only as far as IE7.
A quick table of CSS properties and selectors implemented in various browsers.: Easy to use and also has a similar table for new HTML5 tags (web forms) and capabilities (web applications) but it appears not to include mobile borwsers.
Upsdell keeps current information on CSS in browsers and on related (HTML5 and JS) issues.: They do not discourage broswer sniffing, but they are a useful source for staying current.; Fonts commonly found in various browser is a useful chart - so your choices are more likely to not default to the browser's choices
Legacy browsers and legacy code
In the bad old days we did a lot of "browser sniffing" and hacked to get similar styling on various browsers. Fortunately, browser sniffing and browser hacks are now considered poor style. Instead, use Modernizer to detect capabilities.: These links may be useful if you need to maintain or update code from that era.
Old Hacks for various browsers and CSS: This enormous list of hacks also has (near the top of the page) links to sites which summarize hacks.; It also lists various specific (recent) hacks with their effects and the browsers they target.; This wiki is maintained by CSS-discuss.
What browsers support in CSS and how to Display Stylesheets Dynamically: What browsers support what features and links on work-arounds for older browsers. Useful for legacy broswers, but does not include even IE8.
The Box Model Hack: One of the oldest and most famous hacks.; Links to Brain Jar's clear explanation, and others.
CSS in Different Browsers: Long article (current as of 2006) discussing the issue.; No tabular summary, but links to those for current browsers at Webdevout and for 2003 and older browsers at Blooberry
Devout.net: Browser support for CSS and CSS hacks, last updated as 2009.
Survey of font usage by browser: Another useful source. See also their summary.
Equivalent fonts for PCs and Macs: Nice chart makes it easy to choose
CSS2 Generated Content: :before and :after; does not work in IE6 or IE7

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JavaScript

Books and Documentation for JavaScript

Books
Teach Yourself JavaScript in 24 Hours, 5th edition by Michael Moncur published by SAMS, 2012: While the first 3 editions were clear (but for novices), the last two editions are clear but go further. Highly recommended if you've never used JavaScript
JavaScript: The Complete Reference, 3rd Edition by Thomas Powell and Fritz Schneider published by Osborne 2012: Not quite as complete as the Bible(directly below), but easier to read. I use both.
The JavaScript Bible 6th Edition by Danny Goodman and Michael Morrison published by Wiley 2007: An invaluable reference; very clear on even abstruse items; earlier edition was very clear on the DOM, including coverage on non'standards compliant browsers
JavaScript: The Definitive Guide 6th Edition by David Flanagan, published by O'Reilly 2011: Another excellent book; includes JSON, Ajax and the new HTML5 tags (like SVG) which use JavaScript
DOM Scripting: Web Design with JavaScript and the Document Object Model by Jeremy Keith published by APress 2005: A breath-takingly wonderful description of the DOM and how to make it work for you; also builds the basis for Ajax
JavaScript: The Good Parts by Douglas Crockford published by Yahoo Press 2008.: A wonderful book for mroe sophisticated use of JavaScript by one of Yahoo!'s big gurus and the inventor of JSON. Many parts of this are in video format on YouTube and the Yahoo! Video library (and more recent videos about JavaScript's history are on Evri) but you will also want to own the book.
Documentation
Mozilla's resources for JavaScript: Not for beginners.
Mozilla's Core JavaScript 1.5 Guide: Description of the language (if you already know it.)
Mozilla's Core JavaScript 1.5 Reference: Contains information about what is implemented in various versions.; Also contains information about LiveConnect, the way to link Java and JavaScript code.
Changes from JavaScript 1.5 to 1.6
Access page for all Mozilla's documentation, forums and articles on JavaScript
ECMAScript.org: ECMA owns the standards for JavaScript (whose official name is ECMAScript).
As of August 2008 the split between ECMA3 and ECMA4 proponents was resolved in Harmony and ECMA5, the new version of JavaScript was released in December 2009.; You can also find documentation,language specification, and tutorials at websitetips.com
The w3c documentation for the DOM
The DOM model: From JavaScript Kit
Reference on JavaScript: From JavaScript Kit
w3c on DOM
The Official Documentation for ECMA Script (basis for JavaScript)
Other source for documentation for ECMA Script and JavaScript
Documentation (Guides and References for 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5): Documentation for JavaScript 1.3 - 1.5 with information on changes from earlier versions.; Links to both the Guide and the Reference Manual
Date object: Documentation on the date object, including constructors and methods.; From here you may actually reach all the documentation on JS

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Tutorials and Articles for JavaScript

General Tutorials:

HTML Goodies' series of tutorials on JavaScript: First the 'Primers' and then the 'Basics' (which go thru AJAX)
Mozilla's "Reintroduction to JavaScript": Friendlier than Mozilla's documentation
Articles on JavaScript: From Mozilla's forums
Javascript tutorial from w3schools.com: Always an easy place to start
Tutorials and articles from WebReference: Many tutorials from 'JavaScript for non-programmers' to AJAX. (Columns 12-15 inclusive). Excellent resource; includes links to Mozilla pages just above and other collections. Be sure to check out the collections and the archives. Some tutorials are older
Tutorials and references from U. Minn- Duluth: Enormous list of tutorials and articles from the general to the specific;includes useful pages such as list of reserved words and some links to book excerpts; regrettably, no description of the links; Be sure to scroll down to see the many subsections ranging from the elementary to the advanced. This site is also particularly strong on accessibility considerations.
Tutorials from WebKnowHow: About 20 tutorials, mostly for the beginner

Articles on Specific Topics (not advanced)

Focus on forms: The focus() and blur() methods
Local vs. Global Variables: Clearly described; from mredkj.com Also other interesting examples - e.g. to change tables, validate forms, etc.
Special characters, escaping them and Unicode: From Mozilla's Core JavaScript 1.5 Guide
JavaScript Variable Passing: Passing variables between pages in JavaScript
Navigation and JavaScript: Fancy footwork for lists of links
JavaScript Source: Free JavaScripts, Tutorials, Example Code, Reference, Resources, and Help: This site has tutorials, public scripts, book reviews, etc.
JavaScript.com - The Definitive JavaScript Resource: JavaScript Tutorials and Free Java Scripts: Tutorials and fancy scripts. Pretty good.
Nice image swapping function or toggle images with this function. Either way you need to pre-load any images, as shown here.: Tutorial on image swapping with links to related (and less related) topics.
JavaScriptWeenie: An older site with many articles, tutorials, most of which are relevant for older browsers.
Time in JavaScript: Goodies to Go newsletter show you how to set timeouts, etc.

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Articles on Specific Topics (Advanced)
DOM, DHTML, the Event Model, Cookies, etc.

The DOM and DHTML: current preference is to use the DOM
The w3c documentation for the DOM
What is the DOM?: Clear explanation from Mozilla
Fetching Remote Data (in zXML) from a Server with DOM - advanced, but many good Ajax articles now for this task
DOM Scripting: Articles by Jeremy Keith, author of the DOM Scripting book and extremely readable authority on the DOM
Preloading Images with DOM - advanced
From DHTML to DOM Scripting: Excellent, thorough article
From DHTML to DOM,: Why you should switch. There is also Part 2
Digital Web Magazine has series of articles on DOM: Also book reviews, product reviews, interviews etc.
Dynamic Drive DHTML Scripts- Preload Image (with progress bar) Script: Pre-loading images for swapping; part of huge site with JS and DHTML scripts, many very in your face, and forums
JavaScript Libraries: Information on JavaScript libraries may be found in the section on frameworks for AJAX
Style guides for javascript
Style guides and beautifiers: With links to various guides and useful commentary
Douglas Crockford style guide for JavaScript
Google style guide for JavaScript
jQuery style guide
Mozilla style guide
GitHub style guide
Other topics
Exception Handling in JavaScript: Advanced. Includes information about browser incompatibilities
Articles on JavaScript from Builder.com - many advanced
Properly using CSS and JavaScript with XHTML: With examples
Cookies: What they are and how to set them: Older but clear introduction; from a Department of Energy paper
What Cookies are and how they work: From HowStuffWorks; Be sure to see next page too.
JavaScript lectures by Douglas Crockford: There are three sets of videos: the original lecture on JavaScript: the Good Parts; an 8-part set on JavaScript; and a 3-part set more focused on the browser; JavaScript: the Good Parts the original video, also available with slide downloads at here; The complete 8-part series or the individual lectures are at:; 1. The Early Years; 2. And Then There Was JavaScript; 3. Function the Ultimate; 4. Ajax the Metamorphesis; 5. The End of All Things; 6. Loopage; 7. ECMAScript 5 - the New Parts; 8. Programming and Your Brain; The 3-part Trilogy; The JavaScript Programming Language; An Inconvenient API - the Theory of the DOM; Advanced JavaScript; You can also find both these series and more (e.g. from John Resig) on devcurry
DevGuru tutorials: Very advanced - e.g. interfacing JavaScript with .ASP
Case Study of how Mozilla redesigned its site: Shows both pure CSS and hybrid CSS/JavaScript approaches; Older and sophisticated but still worthwhile

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Links and Resources for JavaScript

Debugging

Syntax checkers and validators including JSLint

JSLint: Looks for problems in JavaScript pages; check out the documentation first; from 2002 so may not support DOM.; Clear description of what JSLint does from Mozilla
JSHint is another code checker; this is a fork of JSLint.

Debugging Tools

The easiest debugger to use is the JavaScript Console: In Chrome this is accessed with ctl+shift+J and there is a clear description of Chrome Developer Tools and a link to a description of the Browser Console; In Firefox it is called the Web Console, and it has a clear description
DZone Refcarz on debugging javascript
Description of JavaScript debugging tools: For all browsers, but with a dojo focu, and older debuggers
Beginning JavaScript Debugging: Good introduction from WebMonkey.
JavaScript Resources from Mozilla
Mozilla's tools and Mozilla's developer tools: Including the Console and Venkman and the DOM inspector add-on and news on these tools; Firefox add-ons and Seamonkey add-ons, especially those for web developers, are also useful!; See Firebug and the Web Developers package for Firefox; See the Web Developers package for Seamonkey; Note: Seamonkey is the developer's version of Firefox.
Tutorial on Venkman from WebReference
Tutorial on Venkman and list of resources on it: Looks very valuable.
Another tutorial on Venkman
A freeware debugger from Hot Scripts
The Freshmeat debugger
Microsoft's Script Debugger
JavaScript Trace Window (uses GreaseMonkey in Firefox)

Other - especially tools and sources of scripts
Frameworks are in the Ajax section of the Web 2.0 resources

SiteExperts.com - Your Community of Site Experts: Another community of web developers
Experts Exchange - another community
Dev articles on JavaScript: Enormous compendium of articles, many advanced; scripts may be found here too, by category.
How to Embed a JavaScript Engine in Your Applications: This is SpiderMonkey and it is available from Mozilla
JavaScript.com: Free scripts - some a bit cutesy; free newsletter
Mozilla's tools: Mozilla has a large amount of information and tools, including the debuggers, etc. Their DOM Central links to many tutorials, reference guides, demos, tools etc.(Even the old DOM Sidebar tabs). Also Sidebars for CSS, JavaScript and XSLT Mozilla's DOM Inspector, but also see the debugging tools just above
SourceForge Projects on Text Editors: SourceForge material is all open source. FCKEditor is here, for example, as is Notepad++ and its add-on
BrainJar: This is the site that brought you their DOM viewer; tutorials and tools. Small but worthwhile
DevGuru Reference: Bore down through the menus to get a clear explanation of various elements of JavaScript
comp.lang.javascript: Google group still going strong
DynamicDrive: Tools and scripts and links; focus on DHTML; threads and posts on their forums number in the thousands; good place to look for answers when nothing else helps
JavaScriptKit: Tools, tutorials, scripts; quite up-to-date, including material on AJAX etc.
JavaScript.internet.com: Large repository of scripts, tutorials, etc. Check out the FAQs first; Links to Web Reference, XML.files, and WDVL (Web Developer's Virtual Library)
Scripts.com's JavaScript scripts repository: Enormous repository of JavaScripts scripts organized by type, also searchable.; Scripts are rated by users. Most are free.
DHTML Shock: Scripts with a focus on DHTML
Cross-browser: Scripts and articles on cross-browser JS and DHTML using the DOM
Tech Republic articles on JavaScript: Not organized, but is searchable. Many quite advanced
Web Reference on JavaScript: Searchable archive of articles and tutorials from elementary to advanced intermediate
AListApart articles on scripting: Focus is on implementing a smooth professional appearance
WebStandards.org: A self-described grass-roots organization trying to advocate for Web standards which ensure accessibility
WebDeveloper: Hosts many forums, including one on JavaScript; Also has a searchable archive of articles on JavaScript which returns too many irrelevant articles; Tutorials, references etc. Appears to be geared toward the novice
Sitepoint: Has a forum with many useful links, as do the publishers WROX (programmer 2programmer) and APress, CodingForum, Tek-Tips; Evolt also maintains a list.
Yahoo maintains links to similar sites: and a Developer Network. My experience is that similar Yahoo lists have a goodly part of the top resources.
DevShed: Large collection of articles, scripts for web developers; Selections for Python, PHP etc. are more recent than the few on JavaScript

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jQuery

jQuery is probably the most popular of the Javascript libraries and is widely used.

The main jQuery site links to the learning center. and, of coures, the very useful documentation.

The JavaScript 101 course there has a chapter on Core jQuery, with useful FAQs, and a tutorial, but unless you have used jQuery before, I would begin with one of the tutorials below.

It should be pointed out that jQuery has wonderful online documentation which will answer most of your questions once you have learned something about this library. THey have also made the code available in an easy to read format.

Finally, there is a jQuery forum and a blog about upcoming changes, such as dropping support for old browsers.

Tutorials - from the most basic to the most advanced for each format; jQueryMobile is in a separate section.

Books

"Learning jQuery" is currently available on the ACM's Safari book site, but, last I checked it was not the most recent edition. The book is from Packt Publishing, and is available there too.
A bit more advanced, "jQuery in Action" is also on the ACM's Safari site (the 2nd edition) and is also available from the publisher, Manning and thru DealFuel, as well as the ususal book sites. The 3rd edition is also partially available through Manning.
jQuery Succinctly is a free book for going beyond the introductory level.
"jQuery: Novice to Ninja" is another good second book; available through ACM Skillsoft and from Sitepoint.com

Online tutorials:

w3schools of course.
CodeAcademy if you like their tutorials; I find them too rigid for my style of picking and choosing what I want.
jQuery Basics from John Resig. Assumes you know more about programming than the one above, but excellent for brushing up. Moves quickly.
Great introduction to what jQuery is about and why you should use it
jQuery.com's own quick initiial tutorial is a bit telegrahpic. The core tutorial will help.
A complete jQuery tutorial
Smashing Magazine introduction is straightforward and current
Tutorialspoint tends to be useful as a reference when you need to check out some details than to learn from the first time. That said, their sites are very useful.
4-part tutorials on jQuery fundamentals from Jan Jorgenson. Excellent for experienced programmers.
The next few items are old — mostly lists of tutorials. They all carry the same warning about jQuery having dropped XPath selectors, and about being for ealier versions. But they have some good links.
51 tutorials and examples. Includes some great bloggers.
25 Beginners' tutorials but they are old (2010) and some of the material is out of date (e.g. there are no longer XPath selectors). That said, this is a gentle set with commentary about them.
A tutorial for web (graphic) desginers is easy to read, and gets to the fun stuff quickly, but be warned that it is old and that current jQuery no longer supports XPath notation.
Web Monkey introduction from 2010. Enticing examples.
Tutorials for using jQuery on HTML forms Several missing
Tutorials aimed at animation

Video tutorials:

Tutor4u a very easy, basic series of nine 15 minute tutorials
TheNewBoston has about 200 tutorials of 5 minutes each. Normally I love TheNewBoston tutorials, but some of these are not up to their usual quality. Nonetheless, they might help with specific problmes, and they have some videos on very detailed topics not covered in broader sites. You can also find the list of all the videos here. Those who love Crockford books and videos (as I do) will like these too.
JavaScript and jQuery tutorial for beginners very gradual multi-part tutorial
Cooking with jQuery is availabe as a video presentation from the ACM's Safari Books; it is from 2010 so the same caveats as above apply.
The phpacademy has a long series of videos on jquery, done by different people. There are videos on the basics as well as on specific effects and issues, such as onclick event handlers and call back functions
Build a tabbing system with jQuery Watch the page change as he builds it.
40 excellent tutorials on jQuery are more about specific effects, such as slides, than about learning the library in an organized way. Article is from 2009, so some are outdated.

AJAX

Books, Documentation, tutorials and articles- in that order

Books

AjaxPatterns.org keeps a list of books and refers you to Amazon etc. for reviews.
Ajaxian.com also keeps a list of books with descriptions and some reviews

Documentation

The XMLHttpRequest Object
Fields in the HTTPRequest Object

Basic tutorials and articles

What is Ajax?: Very basic introduction
Another very basic What is Ajax? - this one with links to further information
AJAX introduced: The article which named it - with a great introduction to what it is
About.com's introduction to Ajax
Keeping Up with the Ajax Trend: Slightly older but very clear introduction. Links to various Ajax debugging tools
Ajax - the issues in using: Good introduction
Ajzx - Cut thru the hype: Excellent discussion of pros and cons of using Ajax; from IBM DeveloperWorks
Demystifying the Buzz about Ajax: Assumes you are familiar with browser objects and intricasies
Ajax and REST: A further discussion of what it takes to develop Ajax sites
Ajax and alternatives: Pros and Cons of Ajax vs. applets, XUL, etc. Useful discussion, but you won't be surprised to learn these folks love Ajax
Measuring the Benefits of Ajax: From an Ajax developer, who also wonders Will Ajax Replace the Desktop?; Publish thinks it will put more desktops on line, and has links to early adopters
Top 10 Reasons Ajax is Here to Stay
Ajax Is No Overnight Success: Including Security and Performance Risks; EWeek has also written about the security issues; Ajax was used to spread a worm thru Yahoo Mail; Ajax has some problems as pointed out by Gosling, the creator of Java; Wikipedia article summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of using Ajax
Ajax has accessiblity issues: But developers are working to overcome them
Putting Ajax to Work: Examples and a summary of some of the toolkits
A detailed Explanation of the XMLHttpRequestObject: This very clear article tells you all you need to know. (You can even omit the last part about interfacing with Java.)
The XML HttpRequest Object: Clear with nice summary tables; read the previous articlefirst.
Ajax Tutorial: Very basic. Uses innerHTML and not yet aware of IE 7, which supports XMLHttpRequest objects
How to Use Ajax: From Peachpit, which caters to graphic designers
Ajax Tutorial: From Tizag: level similar to w3schools tutorials
Getting Started with Ajax: From A List Apart. One example uses innerHTML (not supported by assistive broswers), but a richer example than most tutorials
XUL.fr/en/ has Ajax tutorials, demos, and a list of frameworks
How to Develop Web Applications with Ajax: Series starts in column12, continues on to column13, 14 and 15. Good explanation.
Understanding Ajax, followed by So How Do you Code an Ajax Page: Longer tutorials: first isbasic and second uses frames and non-cross browser examples, but also gets to more advanced tricks
Alternate Ajax Technologies -i.e. without XMLHttpRequest
Ajax and the Java Platform: Good article to get started, which uses almost no Java (use the server response of your choice). Note that Sun's Java Studio Creator 2 provides Ajax-like functionality for those who don't want to use Ajax directly.
Ajax and Sun's Java DB
Creating a MySQL Connection with PHP and Ajax
Usng Ajax from Perl
Ajax Active Tables allows you to edit MySQL tables in place
Symfony is a PHP toolkit which includes functions to access Ajax
AHAH is a subset of Ajax intended to be simpler
How to Use Ajax is another good tutorial to get you started: It leads to Creating Smart Forms with Ajax which includes form validation and downloadable code
Ajax for Beginners: Shows how one drop-down menu can control the choices in the next drop-down menu
U. Minnesota Duluth References on JavaScript has whole section of articles on Ajax: This site is a great reference. For example, there are links to a number of articles here about making Ajax accessible as well as to tutorials.
Tutorials from Ajax Matters: Many tutorials, with descriptions, from the basic to advanced

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CGI and Server-Side Scripting

General - Including Information on HTTP and TCP/IP and resources for multiple languages

HTTP and TCP/IP
HTTP: Older (1996) but very useful explanation; well organized and probably has all you need to know and then some.
TCP/IP Resources: Great list of FAQs, tutorials, and books. Kept up to date.
Overview of TCP/IP and the Internet: Current description. Starts with the history (OK to skip) but gives all the details you need if you are not a network administrator.
Primer on TCP/IP: Older (1997), but a good place to start
Another older (1998) Primer on Internet technology
Daryl's TCP/IP Primer: Goes deeper than a primer; kept up to date.
Older (1998) course on managing servers: Classic references; good description of client-server model, http, mime types etc.
IANA: Who owns what domain name, which port is what, and what the language abbreviations are
Sites with Scripts and Advice for Multiple Languages (Perl, PHP, Python, etc.)
Which Scripting and Programming Languages are People Searching about?: Monthly survey on queries about Perl, PHP, JavaScript, Java etc.
Developer.com articles on Perl, PHP, etc.: Excellent very current intermediate level articles, but you need to search. Better yet, subscribe to some of their free newsletters and be notified of new articles.
ASPN: Resource for programmers in Perl, PHP, Python, etc. Major site.
HotScripts: Articles and scripts for many languages - Perl, PHP, Python, JavaScript, XML
OnLamp.com: O'Reilly maintained site with articles and book excerpts on all the open source technologies - Linux Apache, Perl/PHP/Python, MySQL. Links to Safari books (also available free through the ACM is you are a member).
CGI Resources: Links to very many CGI scripts, mostly in Perl, and tutorials (rated by users)
DevShed Perl Tutorials, Scripts, etc.: Links to user submitted and rated scripts and articles in many languages; most free
WebReference: Intermediate to advanced articles. Includes the Mother of Perl site. Also PHP (with links at the bottom) and now starting on python
Matt's HTTP Cookie Library: And his CGI resource of thousands of CGI scripts - mostly in Perl

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CGI, including Regular Expressions - see also Perl folder

Books
CGI Programming with Perl by Gunther Birznieks, Scott Guelich, and Shishir Gundavaram 2nd edition publishd by O'Reilly 2000: Very useful book
Learning Perl 3rd edition by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Phoenix, publishd by O'Reilly 2007: Excellent way to learn enough Perl to write CGI scripts easily
The Web Wizard's Guide to Perl and CGI, The Web Wizard's Guide to PHP, both by David A. Lash, 2002: These books won't make you a great guru, but they will get you going very quickly; well-written
The next few links are overview' of CGI
Client and server: Introduction to terms
WDVL: Table of Contents on Web Programming: Tutorial on server-side programming and sending info from HTML forms. Excellent introduction . Definitely the place to start if you don't know the difference between GET and POST or need a short introduction to Perl. These tutorials, from Selena Sol, are also available at Extropia, which also has links to Perl tutorials for web developers.
WDVL: Request Headers: What's in an http header
CGI A very short overview
CGI Scripts - Writing and Using CGI: Another very elementary introduction to CGI; several short articles to read; Elementary introduction to the technologies you find server-side (ASP, Perl, PHP etc.)
Gentle Introduction to CGI: Also has many links to books and on-line resources. Updated in 2004
The Web Development Environment: An excellent introduction; less cursory than the earlier ones; you will enjoy it more if you have already heard of some of the technologies mentioned (Java, HTTP, etc.) The CGI Programming Made Easy lives up to its name.; Includes some Perl
CGI 101 another great way to get started.: Goes a bit further with Perl than some of the others
CGI Programming on the World Wide Web is the first 4 chapters of the O'Reilly book
w3c.org Introduction to CGI (older): Other information from w3c about standards also available.
Why learn CGI?: From the people (O'Reilly) who publish a book on the subject - includes kind words about their own (excellent) book; this article is mainly motivational.
The next few articles will actually show you something you can modify and use; for more detailed information you need to go to the section on your language of choice (Perl, PHP or Python)
CGI Developer's Guide: Older, but will get you going
CGI TutorialGood introduction to CGI, environment variables, etc.
Easy introduction to CGI: Another good short introduction
CGI articles oriented towards Perl and more general CGI articles from About.com: There are many articles in the Perl and Web Design section, but you need to know what you want - e.g. guestbook - so you can search for it here.
CGI Tutorials from HTML Goodies: Very well written tutorials, but maybe dated (1/2005). For example, you are more likely to FTP your server scripts to the server than to use telnet.
The Problem of Statelessness
Validating user sessions in PHP: Good introduction to the problem of statelessness; php implementation of solutions
Form validation: Validating a form before sending it to a cgi script - mainly to be sure all fields are filled in.
The following links are to collections of articles
WebKnowHow's Tutorials, articles, scripts and books on CGI: Many (unsorted) links, many to old sites.
Webliography on CGI, Perl, etc.: Great list of links, even though many are to older articles
CGI articles from HTML Goodies: Includes codes for a guest book and for counters
Tutorials on regular expressions. Although some lean towards one language or another, regular expression syntax is pretty much the same in all the scripting languages.: Tutorial on regular expressions; Library of Regular Expressions; Regular expressions tutorial from a Python book; rather telegraphic; How to use regular expressions; Advanced (Perl) Regex tutorials - Part I, Part 2, andand documentation; PHP and regex tutorial; How to do Regex in Python; Regular-expressions Language neutral, but not elementary. Links to books.; Regular expressions and .Net; Regular expressions syntax summary Details subtle differences among languages and Unix variants.; Tutorial on Regular Expressions in Perl Very complete ; from PerlDoc; Documentation on Regular Expressions in Perl; Regular Expressions Fast and dirty reminder about regular expressions
Server-Side Includes
Tutorial on Server-side includes: Older (1995 article, last updated in 2002) but author says basic principles still apply
Links to many resources of Server-side includes: Including tutorials
More links to article and tutorials on server-side includes

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Perl - see also CGI folder

Downloading PERL - ActivePerl (free ) and mod_perl

You want to write your scripts in Active Perl; mod_perl is the Perl interpreter which comes free with your Apache web server

ActiveState - ActiveState products open source programming languages tools: Download site for ActivePerl
ActivePerl User Guide: In table of contents, look for "Getting Started" to see how run example.pl; Also open it in Notepad
ActivePerl Help - Online Docs : Getting Started
ActivePerl Help - Online Docs : ActivePerl FAQ: ActiveState also has PHP, Python and XSLT products
mod_perl: everything you need to know
Perl tutorials and resources include:: 4 videos from the Indian Institute of Technology; CPAN is the official repository for Perl libraries and also has links to Perl tutorials and other resources; Picking up Perl a slightly older tutorial for those who prefer an introduction to Perl which discusses the language features.; The official documentation for Perl
php site and php IDE and developer tools available from Sourceforge.net, which also has Perl IDEs etc.

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PERL Documentation, Tutorials and Resources

Tutorials- general
For tutorials on regular expressions please see the CGI section.
learn.perl.org: The site for people learning Perl.: Good listing of current books at all levels
Picking up Perl: Easy to use reference. More complete than elementary tutorials. 'The weekend crash course' is available through Books 24x7 e.g. at many university libraries or if you are a member of ACM.
CGI and Perl Tutroial: Another easy place to start, especially if you want all the facts quickly.
Beginning Perl Tutorial: Great place to start. From pageresource
CGI 101: Perl tutorial with focus on CGI; a quick start and good description of the environment variables
Web Programming with Perl and CGI: One of my favorites; they also have a Perl 5 Tutorial with emphasis on object oriented features and a version which links up with Java
Perl tutorial: Older, but still a good introduction.
CGI Programming Made (Relatively) Easy Using LIbraries: Another good place to start
Tizag Tutorial on Perl: Another fine place to begin learning Perl; has information on interfacing with databases, too, and chomp
Webmonkey tutorials on Perl, CGI, etc.
http://htmlgoodies.earthweb.com/primers/perl/: Perl primers from HTML Goodies
The Perl You Need To Know: Includes information on cookies and linking up to databases
Perl Monks has many tutorials: These range from the elementary to the advanced.; The useful site is very large, and, newbies will find it be easier to start with one of the places above (e.g. from pagereource.com).
Everything you ever wanted to know about perl's module cgi.pm: From Lincoln Stein, who wrote the cgi module
Tutorial on Using Modules
CGI Resources: Links to many tutorials, references, sources of scripts
The Fool's Guide to CGI.pm: Nice introduction with usefule examples, for folks who can read easy regex
Perl Tutorial from Perl.com, the O'Reilly site: For those who are sophisticated programmers and want to start in Perl
Perldoc has intermediate level tutorials
CGI Developer's Guide: Short introduction with examples for people who know what they're doing
Tutorials related to Perl and Databases
Tutorial on databases and their perl interface: A gentle introduction
Database programming with Perl
Interfacing MySQL with Perl: O'Reilly book chapter
Down the Perl/DBI module to interface with MySQL
FreeBSD on accessing a database from Perl
Tutorial on Perl MySQL functions: This is from thescripts.com, where you may also post questions to the developer community for various scripting languages and databases.
Tutorial on Using Perl etc. to write software for genome research: Includes such topics as subroutines and @_ and interfacing with databases as well as a good list of books
Documentation and Resources
Perl Documentation at Perl.org and at perldoc.perl.org: Current release is Perl5; (documentation for Perl4 is at CMU); Perldoc has documentation for the CGI Library of Perl, and there is a reference to the various methods at in CPAN; Also a cheat sheet for novices.
CPAN: Where to find MODULES to add many useful functions to your Perl - e.g. the standard module, oraperl (for Oracle databases) etc. Also how Install CPAN Modules
Perl.com: The Source for Perl - perl development, perl conferences: Articles etc. for serious PERL programmers from the O'Reilly book folk
About.com's info on building and installing Perl modules: They also link to more of thier own tutorials and other Perl resources.
CGI-LIB.pl homepage: Library of CGI scripts in Perl; Also directly accesible at Berkely; Includes documentation, source files, examples, etc.
Documentation for Perl CGI Module: Documentation is readable and it is easy to find what you are looking for.
Downloading and installing additional Perl modules
Google groups on Perl: This site includes several very useful groups (see green links ): one for Perl beginners, another on Perl modules, and another for miscellaneous Perl questions.; Can not be recommended enough. Search for key words in the Perl beginners group, for example, and then follow the whole thread (link in the upper right).
Perl community: many groups, mailing lists and sites
CGI and Perl FAQs: In addition to the FAQs, has a great list of books and other resources.
Scripts for Perl: This is the Mother of Perl site ; intermediate to advanced articles
ActiveState -: Build a custom installation of Perl and check system requirements - see warning on RedHat Linux v8
Perl libraries for www interactions - e.g. HTTP etc.
Parsing XML documents with Perl's XML::Simple: PERL module which has an XML parser (written in PERL)
Documentation on param() and CGI: Older but still valid; info is otherwise not easy to find

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Perl Examples, Scripts, Hints

Decoding CGI form data in Perl scripts
Reading CGI Data From Perl Scripts
A Perl script that reads and parses CGI data
Matt's Script Archive, Inc. :: Free Perl CGI Scripts: Links for free scripts
Scripts.com has many Perl, PHP, ASP and JavaScript scripts
Open The Crypt / Joe's Free CGI Scripts From The Crypt / www.getcruising.com: More free scripts
Perl Meets Bio-informatics: From O'Reilly - perhaps because they've published a book on this topic
Template Toolkit for template procesing
Perl and XML: How to embed XML in an HTML Page
To edit all scripts with one line of Perl

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PHP

Please also check the Multiple Langauges listings in the General CGI section
The main PHP site: Home site for php, including documentation, download of php processor, and tutorial
PHP Tutorial - from its makers
PHP: Introduction and Manual
Zend makes PHP interpreters, etc: Their DevZone subsite also linkes to articles, tutorials as does the getting started page. and at zendphp.net
Implementing Patterns within PHP
What can PHP do?: Commentary from the PHP folks
PHP tutorial from w3schools: Always an excellent start; includes lessons on interfacing with XML, MySQL and AJAX.
Working with PHP datatypes: Several short tutorials. Gets you going quickly. PHP -Entry Point - Lesson One includes some information on pro's and con's; links to to various PHP sites
PHP4 tutorial So it is missing PHP5's support for objects
How to handle forms in PHP
Extract XML document statistics with PHP: Using PHP to extract stats about XML documents.
Google help group on PHP installation etc.
Apache guide to installing and configuring PHP with Apache
Firepages: Large site with downloads for PHP development, forums, etc.
U. of Minnesota Duluth: Large excellent set of PHP resources including tutorials, articles on regex, using PHP with databases, and PHP and Ajax.
Validating user sessions in PHP
Tips on Debugging in PHP
Unit Testing in PHP is the current PEAR site for unit testing.: This is also available at older sites see for both PHP5 and PHP4. The most current site includes a tutorial on writing (regression) tests.
Simpler testing utilities are available for JUnit both from JUnit and from SourceForge.
SourceForge has PHP Port testing and also testing for mock objects.
LastCraft provides unit, mock objects, and navigation testing (including for cookies and forms.)
Implementing Design Patterns in PHP
PHP Projects at SourceForege
DevX Resources and Script in PHP: Well categorized, but many have very few scripts
DevPlug is a PHP Developer's Forum
PHP Resource Index: Scripts, snippets of code, and tutorials; large site, hierarchically organized

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Python

Whetting Your Appetite: Python tutorial
What is Python: Also follow the links on the right hand side
More on why Python: From the horse's mouth
Tutorial on Python from Developer.com

And More

ASP Tutorial: from w3schools - usually excellent introduction
Implement a flexible shopping cart with XML and ASP

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XML, Web Services, and Related Technologies

XML

XML Articles, documentation and tutorials

Book and Documentation

Books
Inside XML by Steve Holzner published by New Riders 2000: Excellent for both learning and as a reference; includes XSL and useful material on interfaces with Java and JDOM and SAX
XML and Web Services Unleashed by Ron Schmelzer, Travis Vandersypen, Jason Bloomberg, and Madhu Siddalingaiah published by SAMS 2002: Another boook useful for learning and as a reference; many examples; note that this book includes web services
Charles F. Goldfarb's XML Handbook, 5 Edition by Charles F. Goldfarb and Paul Prescod published by Prentice Hall 2003: Includes some material on web services; for a long time this was the standard; well-written, it is still very useful
Learning XML, Second Edition by Erik T Ray published by O'Reilly 2003: More of a book to learn from than the ones above; very clear
XML 1.1 Bible by Elliotte Rusty Harold published by IDG 2004: Includes coverage of CSS, but very limited coverage of important topic of schemas, so I would use the other books first.
Documentation
W3C HTML Home Page
XML homepage from the w3c: Includes description of the many working groups and links to them, to various languages specifications and versions, and to many other resources.
XML Schemas: What are the components of an XML Schema and here their definition in a DTD; Chart of Built-In DataTypes
XML Recommendations Homepage
XML Specs
XML Namespaces
The Cover Pages: Important collection of on-line reference material on SGML/XML languages and various standards, now hosted by OASIS. You may want to start at About XML Cover Pages. Site is for the knowledgeable (except possibly the news stories on front page).
DTD's attributes

Tutorials and Articles - Note: Tutorials on SOAP and WSDL are under the 'Web Services' heading, but information on SAX, DOM, JDOM etc. is here

XML Tutorial from w3schools: Great introductory tutorial. See also their description of XML syntax
Wonderful set of links to tools, tutorials, and many resources for XML: Also has info on links to databases and server-side uses of XML
Tutorials on everything from HTML to XML with good search function.
XML.com: XML From the Inside Out -- development, resources, specifications: O'Reilly site with many articles
What is XML? From HTMLGoodies.com
XML Terms: What the basic terms mean
Tutorials on XML from About.com Very basic
XML and DOM: Usual excellent introduction from w3schools.com
IBM introduction is excellent.: An older IBM tutorial has a great description of DTDs.; IBM has a fine set of resources for newbies as well as many tutorials on XML related topics
eXtropia has a good introductory tutorial
EduTecWiki has a short introduction: With information about DTDs
4 short intorductory videos from Derek Banas start here: A longer more recent videos using eclipse are also available.
Why XML is important in 2 short IBM videos
Hour long, wonderful, careful discussion of XML from the Indian Institute of Technology
XML Namespaces: Introductory tutorial from the About.com site
XML Schema Primer from w3.org --: Very good, especially if you know a little bit. Three pieces:; Primer, Structures and DataTypes
XFront has links to many great tutorials -: including ones on XML Schema, Canonical XML, Best Practices etc. and also XSDs for all countries, all currencies, etc. Great source! This is from Roger Costello (one of the authors of the w3c.org Primer) and is a great resource.
Tutorial from Roger Costello on Best Practices for XML Schema: Another link to the same tutorial
Zvon tutorials on many XML related topics: Tutorials on XML, Schemas, Namespaces, XPath and XSLT, RDF, XInclude, XUL etc.
DevGuru tutorials: Tutorials tend to be oriented towards using Microsoft technology rather than standards based
Tutorials from the ACM There are several
The next group of tutorials is from IBM:: Tutorial on understanding SAX; Tutorial on DOM; Manipulating XML in Java (see also a search for JDOM) Tutorial looks at SAX, DOM, JDOM and JAXP; More tutorials from IBM Many are quite advanced
Java and JDOM tutorial
Betwixt: Introspection for XML data to map it to Java Beans; advanced.
Reading and Writing XML in .Net
.NET and XML: XSD Schemas Tutorial on schemas

Other resources - after you know a bit

The w3c has links to all its working groups: For example, the Schema Working Group homepage; You can also find new Technical Reportss by date, title, etc.
xml.apache.org: Link to Xerces parser, implementations of XSL, etc. A very important site
TECFA's huge set of links on XML: Enormous and very useful set of links on validators and parsers, XML, XSL etc, and, tutorials and news about XML languages.
XML Developer Center Home: Microsoft's XML developer center, including articles, novice to advanced, and links
Open Source Web Development - Dev Shed: Articles on XHTML,CSS, XML, Perl, etc.
Developer.com articles on XML and related technologies: Current and clear articles
Links from Moller and Schwartzbach book: Useful links for everything to do with XML and Web Technologies, tho' it looks like most are not for newbies
JARS Automatic Resource Listing: Java class to automate the encoding of properties from Java into XML
Everything you always wanted to know about SAX (and XmlReader): When to use SAX and when to use DOM
Application Design: Use DOM to create data-driven HTML documents: Using DOM to get conditional XML
Database Configuration, the XML Alternative: Configuring / designing your database with XML
XML-Dev: An open unmoderated discussion list on development of various XML languages;; Now managed by OASIS. For the knowledgeable.
Perl and XML: How to embed XML in an HTML Page
XML Tools: Long and wonderful list from w3.org
Free XML Tools: By platform, or vendor or name etc.
Alphaworks is IBM's site: This is the link for xml; many links to subtopics and tutorial on newer technologies (e.g. AJAX)
XML as architecture: Interesting view of the ubiquity and power of XML
XML and Java and the Document Object Model: This IBM site has many links to tutorials, information and documentation on using Java to manipulate XML files, etc. Very valuable.
XML meets JavaScript in Firefox: Series of articles on using JavaScript to maninpulate XML; many Firefox1.5 issues; There are related articles in the Mozilla deveoper forum.
Manipulating XML in Java (see also a search for JDOM): Tutorial looks at SAX, DOM, JDOM and JAXP
XML files tend to get very large: Which can cause problems ? which some companies have worked on; See also Business Communications Review on this topic
Microsoft's DOM validator from XML: Courtesy of w3schools.
Checklist for well-formed XML
XML Canonical Form: Canonical form standardizes possible equivalent renditions of XML to one (canonical) form; this is important for checking digital signatures, etc. In addition to the subject in the title, there is a link to Ogbuji's Thinking XML columns at IBM?s developerWorks .
Canonical XML: Very clear tutorial from Roger Costello at xfront.com
Xforms Working Draft from w3c.org: More powerful handling of data and events than with HTML forms; See also their XForms for HTML Authors
Will XForms Matter? Especially as HTML5 has taken over the momentum from XHTML
Fight over XForms clouds future of Net: See also links on XUL at Mozilla.org and on Flash MX in the Miscellaneous section below
w3c addresses addressing in XML

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XML discusses XHTML

XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition): Discussion of XHTML1.0 as a re-formulation of HTML
XHTML Frequently Answered Questions: FAQs about why bother going to XHTML
XHTML 1.1 - Module-based XHTML: XHTML1.1 which is now a strict reformulation of HTML in XML
XHTML Modularization Overview
DTDs for XHTML: See how HTML (XHTML) is formulated in an XML DTD; There are several DTDs (depending on the version of XHTML you want
XHTML tag index: See also the section on XHTML

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XMLSpy and Other Parsers

Download Trial Edition of XMLSpy Tools: XMLSpy is a wonderful tool, and you may try their tools for 30 days free.; Altova also makes tools for XSL (Stylevision) and for RDF editing (Semantic Works) .; There are free academic licenses available, and there is excellent documentation and a brief tutorial.
xml.apache.org: Link to Xerces XML parser, (API in C++, Java or Perl) at Apache. Constantly evolving. Links to other XML-related tools on Apache Homepage
TopXML: Learn about XML Parsers: XML parsers including Microsoft's and Other Parsers with links and brief descriptions for many XML parsers.
StylusStudio offers a free trial of their parser: Like Altova (XMLSpy) they also have XL and XQuery engines, etc.
JXMLPad - ZDNet Downloads: Module (in Java) to edit XML and XHTML
JARS Automatic Resource Listing: XML/XSLT editor (java based)
Parsing XML documents with Perl's XML::Simple: PERL module which has an XML parser (written in PERL)
Scholarly Validator: Free on-line validator from Brown University for small files
Simple parser at w3schools
Parser Validator in Perl from SourceForge site
Parser in PHP: This parser does not validate; php.net also has tools to create your own parser.
Many XML Tools: ZDNet has a listing of many XML tools for Windows, often with free trials.
css.nu maintains a list of validating browsers
XSmiles is an XML borwser for exotic devices
StAX, an alternative to SAX for Java programmers

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XSL / XSLT including XPath

0XSL/XSLT and XPath - Articles, documentation and tutorials

Why both CSS and XSL - which should I use?: From w3c - who brought you both standards; When to use CSS (whenever you can) and when to us XSL (when you must)
XSL from the w3c: What are the components of XSL (XSLT, XPath, etc.)? Useful but complicated; Overview of XSLT and XPath is also helpful; Of course, there are XSL Specs
XSL Transformations (XSLT): w3.org documentation on XSLT
Web Style Sheets: w3c on style sheets - CSS and XSL
The Extensible Stylesheet Language Family (XSL): Links to specs, tutorials, and articles on XSL, XSLT etc.
XSLT client-side: Simple introduction, but you'll need the www.w3schools.com or other tutorial to go further
Tizag tutorial on XSLT (and earlier one on XPath): Like the w3schools tutorials, this is a gentle introduction.
Cient-side XSLT: Not just for server geeks any more: Good introduction
How to translform XML into XHTML
XSL Homepage of w3c: Including links to XPath, XQuery, XSLT, XSL-FO etc.; There is a large list of links to specs on all these languages, mailing lists, and software.; A great starting place for these technologies.; You can also find links to examples of XSL style sheets (e.g. at TopXML); Style Activity Statement Gives status of various projects on style sheets - including CSS and XSL
XSL - Computerworld: What XSL is and why you should use it. Good start. See also Additional resources about XSL: Books and links on XSLT
Spinning Your Code with XSLT and JSF in Cocoon: Using XSLT with Java Beans etc. Advanced.
Multi-part tutorial: Discover the Wonders of XSLT: Part 1 -XSLT Good introduction to XSLT itself; Part 2: XPath; Part 3 of 3: Advanced Techniques: Tests and advanced techniques; Part 4: XSLT Quirks; Part 5: Workflows and multiple documents
Understanding the XPath Data Model: XPath data model and how it works, with links to info on infosets. Not for beginners
XPath and XSL tutorials: From w3schools.org I think this is one of the clearest of the introductory tutorials.
Tizag also has clear introductory tutorials on XPath and XSLT
Learning XSLT has implications for CSS: Tutorial; main interest is using CSS to style XML in browsers
Tutorial on XSLT 2.0: Norman Walsh has also posted related tuorials on XPath etc.
XPath tutorial with links to examples on the left side. From Zvon
XPath Tutorial From TopXML
Several XSLT Tutorials: Their home page also has links to books and other resources for XSL and CSS.
Mozilla maintains a lot of information on XPath and XSL
What's New in XPath 2.0?: The primary purpose of XPath is to address parts of an XML document. XPath uses a compact, non-XML syntax to facilitate use of XPath within URIs and XML attribute values. XPath gets its name from its use of a path notation as in URLs for navigating through the hierarchical structure of an XML document.
Java JAXP, Writing Java Code to Emulate an XSLT Transformation: Emulating XSLT transformations in Java
XSLT and Java Server Faces
Introduction to XPath
.NET and XML: XPath Queries Tutorial
About.com tutorial on XSLT: Also has tutorial on ASP
Facilitating Teamwork with XML and XSL
XSL-FO - Extensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects: NOTE: XSL-FO is the old name for XSLT; XSL-FO for formatting objects
Using FO with Java tutorial
Introduction to XSL - XSL, XSLT, XPath, and XSL Formatting Objects: Introduction to XSL
Many examples of XML, XSL, VML and related technologies
Java and XSLT

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Tools and implementations of XSLT

Contemporary browsers all implement XSL for rending documents in a browser.: These links are for more general implementations of XSL.
XT: Free implementation of XSLT written in java
JARS Automatic Resource Listing: XML/XSLT editor (java based)
How to transform XML into XHTML
Stylus Studio sells a full line of tools for XML, XSLT, etc.
Many XML Tools: ZDNet has a listing of many XML tools for Windows, often with free trials.
XMLSpy includes an XSLT engine
Microsoft tool to create XSLTs to go from their WordProcessingML to their OpenXML form

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Specific extended MLs - MathML etc and also RDF and RSS

Note: This is XML and security first, then RDF and RSS, XML and Databases, then MathML and Amaya, XML in the financial services industry and then miscellaneous.
The Semantic Web, Web 2.0, AJAX, mashups etc. are in their own section.

XML Security and Encrpytion

Trusting and verifying: Which comes first
w3c has many resources
WS-Security is the specification for web services security: This is from OASIS
XAMCL stands for eXtensible Access Mark-up Control Language: This is Sun's implementation and programmer's guide; On-going news on Sun's implementation of XAMCL
SAML is one standard for secure web services: From w3.org, of course.; SAML stands for Security Assertion Mark-up Language
Security with SAML and XACML: This area is still changing ? suggest you search the w3.org site for these two extensions.
Encryption working group at w3.org
XML Encryption Added to Apache Project
Security issues and XML: Requires free login at ZDNet

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RDF - or Resource Description Framework - is a resource for describing catalogs

RDF Primer from w3.org
RDF Spec from w3.org
RDF is of interest to librarians, etc.
RDF Validator from w3c.org
Mozilla site on RDF: And some examples
Zvon tutorials on many XML related topics: Tutorials on XML, Schemas, Namespaces, XPath and XSLT, RDF, XInclude, XUL etc.
Relational databases on the semantic web and RDF: See also Tim Berners-Lee paper which started this subject

RSS - or Really Simple Syndication - is how an XML feed is used to update news and blogs continuously.

What is RSS?: From O'Reilly - good casual introduction; includes a sample to get you started
What is RSS?: From webreference.com - lots of information
An introduction to RSS
RSS Syndication and Aggregation
Web references on RSS: RSS monitors (new) content on sites and feeds it to subscribers. May also be used for on-going education.
Scripts for Perl and RSS: Mother of Perl site
Exploring RSS and XML in Flash
RSS Feed for site listing free xml tools: And DTD for the above
RSS Enclosure exposure or pod-casting: An audio RSS feed
How to create your own RSS news feed: From w3.org, but with a quick 'cheat sheet' on how to do it
IBM maintains a site called alphaworks: This site provides current information about RSS and other new technologies
Mozilla site on RSS
All the following information on RSS is from one of my students:: Scripting news ? by Dave Winer; Winer designed this format at Userland and uses it in his blog; The history of RSS; RSS 2.0 Spec; How to set up a RSS channel; Using RSS 0.9; Clear explanation, tho? RSS 2.0 is current spec; RSS Aggregators / readers; Full list at http://blogspace.com/rss/readers; Mac OS X: NetNewsWire (http://ranchero.com/netnewswire/); Windows: SharpReader (http://www.sharpreader.net); Linux: Straw (http://www.nongnu.org/straw); Web: Bloglines (http://www.bloglines.com); RSS Validators:; FeedValidator.org (http://feedvalidator.org/); UserLand's validator (for 0.9x only) (http://rss.scripting.com/; Selected Sites with RSS Feeds:; British Broadcasting Corporation (http://news.bbc.co.uk/shared/bsp/hi/services/htmlsyndication/html/default.stm); DevX (http://www.devx.com/DevX/Article/16190); LiveJournal Syndicated Feeds (http://www.livejournal.com/syn/list.bml); United States Department of Defense (http://www.dod.gov/news/rss/); WebReference.com (http://www.webreference.com/services/news/); For a more exhaustive list, go to the RSS Compendium (http://allrss.com/rssfeeds.html); IBM?s RSS feed on weather
Quick Start on RSS: Requires free registration, but worth it
RSS Tutorial fromContent Publishers and Webmaster: Gentle introduction with links to more advanced information
RSS Workshop from U. of Utah: Links to places to learn how t create your own feed in the language of your choice; lots of examples
WebKnowHow articles on RSS: Introductory
O'Reilly has articles on RSS: Also check out their tutorials which are less basic than the ones above
Support for CSS poor in most RSS readers (7/06)
Building a Generic RSS Class in PHP: Requires some knowledge of MySQL and PHP,/dd>
Working with RSS and Oracle JDeveloper: If you prefer Oracle and Java
Expand RSS capabilities with RSS extensions<.a>

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XML and Databases, including XQuery; Please also see RDF

XQuery for database querying at w3c.org: This is now the standard.
XQuery Tutorial from w3schools.com
What is XQuery?: Introduction at O'Reilly site xml.com
XQuery tutorial: Slides that are now part of book An Introduction to XML and Realted Technologies by Moller and Schwartzbach
An Introduction to XQuery: A look at the w3c schema with many links to other resources
Using XML with Databases Tutorial
SQLX.org is devoted to SQL and XML working together: Because SQL is an ISO standard its specs are copyrighted; a copy may be bought through SQLX/
XML Programming with SQL and XML: Excellent and comprehensive article
XViews for implementing Views on XML databases: This is an IBM research paper, not a w3c standard.; The web standard has moved to RDF (see above) and the Data Access Language (next item).
The Data Access Working Group has developed an RDF query language to be interoperable with SQL: It is also working on issues of querying on the semantic web
Relational Databases on the Semantic Web: Does RDF implement E-R? by Tim Berners-Lee
Integrating web services with SQL Server: Also using the SQLXML classes
XML and DB2: And more on this and IBM's SOA plans
XMLSpy includes an XQuery engine
Oracle's site has many articles on XML and databases: Example: Oracle version of XQuery and Using XQurey with XSL

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MathML and Amaya

MathML: Home page at w3.org; Includes a complete description of MathML
Amaya Home Page: Web authoring tool which includes support for MathML
MathML in Mozilla: A rich resource, including transling from TEX, SOAP interfaces, etc.

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Financial Service Industry

XML in the Financial Services Industry: A good introduction to eBXML, XBRL, FIXML, MDDL, FpML, and assorted standards groups for this industry
InfoWorld: XBRL: A case study in complexity:: How BusinessReportingML became too complex to work - good case study in design
ebXML: Introducing the Vision: What is eBXML? (hint: e is electronic and B is for Business) Follow links at bottom for series of articles - for whole series of articles
XBRL to Sharpen Banks' Biz Reports: XBRL (eXtended Business Reporting Language) must be used by banks and other public companies (per Sarbanes-Oxley Law) to consolidate units when they report their financial results; will also migrate to internal reports.
XML Variant to Ease Financial Reporting: How XMRL will help
Sarbanes-Oxley: Road to Compliance: What's involved in compliance for Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) from an IT point of view; SOX compliance is a big topic.
Resilient: Making processes into objects - News - ZDNet: BPEL (Business Process Execution Language) for the non-techie
InfoWorld: Is BPEL the real deal?:: July 02, 2004: By Phillip J. Windley : APPLICATION_DEVELOPMENT : APPLICATIONS : WEB_SERVICES
An introduction to ebXML: The interaction of eBXML and Web Services
UBL, or Universal Business Language: Uses XML to define a vocabulary for common business forms, such as purchase orders etc.; It is also designed to work with eBXML

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Miscellaneous: VoiceML, XUL, WML (wireless), etc.

XML Technolgies: Short descriptin of the main ones
MetaMap of All the XML Technolgies: A wonderful map of how these are all related and what the acronyms mean
Add XML functionality to your Flash movies: FlashXML
A markup language for designing GUIs
XUL is Mozilla's Language for designing user interfaces and widgets.: And they provide a tutorial
Links to books on VoiceXML etc.: WDVL.com
Introduction to WML from About.com: WML is Wireless Mark-up Language
Wireless Web Initaitive at w3c.org
Mastering Wireless Programming: First Steps in C++ or C#
Microsoft?s XML Visio Schemas
XInclude: An evolving specification for including &merging XML documents; Not surprisingly it works only with schemas (no DTDs); Here is a brief introduction
Zvon tutorials on many XML related topics: Tutorials on XML, Schemas, Namespaces, XPath and XSLT, RDF, XInclude, XUL etc.
Primer on OpenXML (Microsoft) and Open Document Format (everone else): OpenXML for Open documents format - vs. Microsoft (3/06); OpenXML gaining (4/06... especially after acceptance by ECMA; ODF (Open Docment Format) is accepted by OASIS and supported by IBM; Translator to go between Microsoft?s OpenXML and Open Document Format (ODF) (7/06); Microsoft?s plug-in for conversions from Office To OpenXML (7/06); Google behind ODF; You should also check out Massachusetts?s push for ODF.
Many XML Tools: ZDNet has a listing of many XML tools for Windows, often with free trials.

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Web Services

Please note that many links related to web services - e.g. security, mobile web, etc. are in section directly above.
Choreography and BPEL are in this section.

Web Services - general information; what is SOA, etc.

Overview of Web Services: A brief overview; not much detail; links to implementing web services with Java on Linux
What are web services?: The 'home' links to many articles about web services
Client and server terms defined
Web Service Demos from Mindreef.net.: Fun to try.
w3c.org definition of a web service: This is in their document on web service architecture.
MetaMap of how the different technologies are related: May be more useful after you know a little about the area, and then invaluable; There is also an information page.
Relationship of Web Service's Major Components: Simpler than the MetaMap; good place to start, then go to MetaMap; This site also has an excellent glossary
What is a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)? What are Web Services?: Very good introduction to SOA, for those who already know the lingo. 8 pages!
SOA (without web services) in plain language
The difference between SOA and Web Services'
InfoWorld: Web services alphabet soup: Application Development: Web services alphabet soup - and modularity
The Web Services Family Tree: From XHTML to AJAX
Understanding Service-Oriented Architecture: Great introduction (actually a book chapter). 'Composition' has the same meaning as composition of functions in math - i.e. one followed by another
Web Services Explained: Another book excerpt, slightly less detailed than the previous one
Web Services Architecture: Although this claims to describe only IBM's architecture, it is a good description of all the web service architectures.
Web Services Architecture: Description of basic and more complex web services stacks; covers major vendors: Sun, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, HP, BEA and Borland
Web Services Essentials: From Sun, this emphasizes a role for Java. Of course, designed to be platform neutral, web service may be implemented in other languages, too.
Introduction to Web Services: Very clear, but basic. From Altova, creators of XMLSpy. Starts general and then moves to their tool
Service Oriented Architecture: How and Why: Arguments of for IT managers and why SOA is the way to go. Good survey
New Rules Govern the SOA Lifecycle
As Ye SOA So Shall Ye Reap: Humorous story
Fuzzy boundaries: Objects, Components and Web Services: Which to use when; further discussion with authors
Web Services Hurdles: Including security and reliability; Also cultural changes and peoples' customs; Quality control issues; No warranties, or QoS issues; Securty issues, which OASIS has several initaitves on; Performance issues as files get larger and larger
The Rise and Fall of CORBA: What we can learn from CORBA, one of the ancestors of web services
The Top 5 Myths about SOA
Capitalizing on SOA: Good discussion of SOA patterns, philosophy, pros and cons
TestingQuality in an SOA
Close the loop:Using SOA to automate human interaction: With specific detailed example
White Papers from Ziff Davis: Including on ROI, strategies for success, costs and benefits, how to adopt etc.
Four Steps to SOA

Building SOA Your Way: Making it work for you; case studies
Finding Your Way to SOA: Sun introduction in either a business or technical version
SOA: Integrating Applications: Case studies of who did what and how much they saved

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Web Services: Books and Documentation

Please note that standards in this area are issued by both W3C (for XML and many of its extensions, SOAP, WSDL) and OASIS (for UDDI and ebXML, WS_Trust, etc.) and sometimes jointly. WS-I (Web Services Interoperability Organization) is also starting to develop standards. There is overlap in the membership of these organizations.

Books
The Executive's Guide to Web Services by Eric A. Marks and Mark J. Werrell pubblished by Wiley, 2003: A lot of managerial discussion of thadvantages of SOA, but a very clear description of the protocol stacks and what each part of web servicces does
Understanding Web Services by Eric Newcomer, Addison Wesley, 2002
Understanding SOA with Web Services by Eric Newcomer, Greg Lomow, Addison Wesley, 2004: Excellent introductions; second book is an update of the first
Web Services Essentials by Ethan Cerami published by O'Reilly 2002: , Excellent look at enough of the technology so you understand what is really happening; also detailed information about installing and interfacing with the server if you will be responsible for that too
Documentation
XML Protocols Matrix: Who is in charge of what protocol
Web Services Architecture from w3c.org
Web Services Addressing Standards: Core: And SOAP Binding; Explanation of what the addressing standard do
Standards to Improve Performance released Feb 2005: Another discussion of same release
Web Services Polcies: w3c compares their version with that from IBM and Microsoft; Includes discussion of how to specify Quality of Service (QoS)
Table of all policy groups and standards on web services at w3c.org
WS-I is also working on standards: WS-I, a consortium of major software provides such as IBM, SAP, and Microsoft has an asynchronous messaging standard.
OASIS is working on standards for SOA protocols: They have issued standards on UDDI, reliability, security, transactions, and eBXML; They develop the UDDI Specs; They also have three security related standards: for exchanging secuirty related information (with SAML), for secure web services and for secure exchange of multiple messages; OASIS also codifies the specifications for Web Service Management (WSDM), which includes both Mangement of Web Services (MOWS) and Management Using Web Servises (MUWS).; The WSDM homepage links (near the bottom) to primers on both MOWS and MUWS.
Web Service Modeling Ontlology and the Semantic Annotations for WSDL Working Group: are developing standards for semantic web servcies
Links to SOAP, Web Services and related specifications: Unfortunately last updated in 9/05

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Web Services: Articles and Tutorials

General or multi-topic

Web Services Primer: Excellent place to start; from O'Reilly and XML.com; many links at bottom of article
Web Services Architecture: Although this claims to describe only IBM's architecture, it is a good description of all the web service architectures.; This is a very general article; if you want more information at this level, please look in the section on Web Services - general information.
Web Services tutorial from w3schools: After this tutorial, go to their tutorials on SOAP and WSDL
Web Services: Columns 96 to 106 (each of which is multi-page) includes coverage of calling web services from IE and of writing DTDs for XML.
MetaMap of how the different technologies are related: May be more useful after you know a little about the area, and then invaluable; There is also an information page.
xmethod.com tutorials on many tools to implement web services
Web Services: Large collection of articles on Web Services at MSDN. Everything from Web Services Basics to very advanced. For example, start with the XML Web Services Basics or the non- technical See What Web Services Can Do for You and move on to articels on security, problems with SOAP encoding, etc.
Special Issue of CACM on 'Services Science', which includes Web Services: vol. 49, July 2006.: Issue has many articles, including Introduction, Research Manifesto, Understanding Service Sector Innovation, Algorithmic Decomposition of Services, and What we can learn from CORBA, one of the ancestors of web services
Design of Web Services: Thought provoking tutorial from Roger Costello. Costello posts many excellent tutorials here, too.
Web Services: a B2B demonstration: Complete sophisticated example
Combine Polymorphism with Web Services
Understand Web Services Reliable Messaging
DMOZ Direcotry on Web Services and SOAP
Web services, SOA and Application Frameworks: Making them work together to address issues such as scalability, security, and transaction and state management.Links to a reading list on the left. Site, focuses on web services architecture.
Securing Web Services the Low-Tech Way
A gentle Introduction to SOAP
Using WSDL in SOAP Applications from IBM

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SOAP
Be sure to look in the sections on general information and tutorials (directly aobve) first; this section includes examples and language-dependent/platform-dependent information.

SOAP Primer from w3c
SOAP tutorial from w3schools
Understanding Web Services: Part I SOAP: You need an IBM password for this, so it is good for academic use and those who use IBM products.
Archives of SOAP at Discuss.Develop.com: Discussion list for problems implementing SOAP applications. Searchable
Understanding SOAP: From MSDN. Excellent article for those with some familiarity from more basic entries.
Brief SOAP Primer from above list
Full list of SOAP1.1 Implementations
What is in an HTTP header: Useful reminder as SOAP messages are transported with HTTP
Web Service Demos from Mindreef.net.: You can see the SOAP messages by clicking the Invoke tab and then the Edit/Preview button
AMQP:Advanced Message Queueing Protocol: From Cisco, RedHat, et al; to interoperate with SOAP and other messaging protocols. Stay tuned
SOAP tutorials: About 20 different tutorials with brief comments. Older with some broken links; Try A Busy Developer's Guide to SOAP 1.1
Perl and SOAP
SOAP examples from soaprpc.com
SOAP::Lite for Perl: Includes an excellent Quick Start Guide, which may also be found at O-Reilly's Perl.com site. The O-Reilly version links also to more complicated examples
SOAPLite maintains its own site, with a cookbook: Much of this duplicates the site above, but this one is easier to navigate and includes news.
Client-side SOAP from soapuser.com: Also links to table of SOAP packages for UNIX and Windows and information on server-side SOAP.Good tutorials.
Archives of SOAP at Discuss.Develop.com: Discussion list for problems implementing SOAP applications. Searchable
PHP and SOAP
Zend offers a SOAP implementation with PHP Extension
Devzone at Zend has examples and articles on using PHP and SOAP messaging and AJAX: New articles and tutorials are in the news and tutorials sections respectively.; Also more advanced articles, such as on PHP SOAP extension
Tutorial on Web Services and PHP: NuSOAP, older and now less common, implements SOAP in PHP without PHP extensions
Download NuSOAP at SourceForge.org
Beginner tutorials from NuSOAP originally from Zend; there are also other tutorials available on line.
eZ is another open source SOAP implementation for PHP users
PEAR offers other modules for web services, some of which are described by Builder.com
Java and SOAP
Java and XML: SOAP: Excellent discussion of SOAP and RPC; first half of multi-page book excerpt is general and second half is Java-specific.
Java classes to create the SOAP API: Package from Sun; The Sun ONE Studio 4 tutorial also has a fully worked web services example.
Writing a Handler Class to Process (SOAP)Messages
Web Services Using JavaScript and .NET
Developing Web Services with Borland JBuilder and BEA Web Server
Develop Web Services Using JSF Web service tools in Rational Application Developer
Water
Water is a language designed for rapid protoyping of web services.: Some people are using it for teaching as it is designed to have a short learning curve.
Apache web server
Writing a SOAP client for Apache: The xmethod site also includes a guide to installing Apache SOAP and examples of SOAP services with their WSDL descriptions.; See also Introducing Axis2; Axis2 is the web service framework from Apache. A search at this site will lead you to many articles about Axis2, including Building a non-Java web service on Axis2. These articles explain some fairly sophisticated and complicated examples.
Apache has many web service projects, including SOAP, XML-RPC, and Axis
Apache site for SOAP
Microsoft platform ( as your server platform)
SOAP: Platform-Independent Server Communication from 4GuysFromRolla
SOAP from IE
A Young Person's Guide to SOAP: What SOAP is and how it is better than CORBAS and DCOM
Microsoft's .NET SDK: This replaces Microsoft's SOAP Toolkit 3.0, officially retired in3/05 and on extended support until 3/08; Also see How to Migrate to the .Net Framework

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WSDL

Introducing WSDL: Tutorial from Altova; first few slides are general and then moves to using XMLSpy to create WSDL documents.
WSDL Tutorial from w3schools: This is the most detailed of the 3 basic introductions listed here.
Writing WSDL Short, basic and clear
Understanding WSDL: Excellent detailed explanation from MSDN. Easier if you read one of the previous entries first. From Aaron Skonnard, one of the authors of the book Essential XML
XMethods lists many webservices available publicly for demos and examination.: It is helpful to work through several. Highlighted links allow you to examine the WSDL entry and try it.(See also the full list of these services.); For example, Weather - Temperature is an easy place to start. .(Cape Clear offers a more complex global version of this.); US Yellow Pages , with its WSDL entry, is more complicated as it provides several web services in one WSDL.
Web Service Demos from Mindreef.net.: You can see the WSDL by clicking on the Analyze tab.
WSDL Editors: Article is from 12/02, but many of these (e.g. XMLSpy from Altova and the one from Cape Clear) are still popular. Tools from are more recent.

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UDDI

UDDI4J IBM's open source implememntation for UDDI with Java interfaces
IBM, Microfot SAP had problems implemmenting UDDI 12/05
UDDI-based models of eCommerce: First read An Introduction to eBusiness with eBXML and web services and eBXML:the vision

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Choreography, BPEL and REST

w3c Group on Choreography: Choreography refers to sequences of web services interactions; There is a Overview of the Choreography Model; Choreography Description Language and a Primer for it.
Understanding ebXML, UDDI, XML/EDI: eBXML and BPEL and modeling business processes
SOAP vs eBXML for complex transacations
W3C Inks Key Web S ervices Language: To coordinate a series of services - WS-CDL and also see about BPEL; Language may be used to describe peer-to-peer interactions
Web Services Choreography Description Language (WS_CDL): Working draft of language spec from w3.org
Orchestration of Rule-Based Web Services
Web Services Integration Patterns: and more patterns
Reconciling Web Services with REST
REST and the Rest of the World, which follows a description of REST
REST Tutorial from Roger Costello

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Web Services: Other Resources

Organizations
W3C: Links on topics such as web services, WSDL, XML, WS-CDL, etc.
OASIS and its subsidiary XML.org: Also The Cover Pages cover news.
ACM Portal
WS-I - open-source organization to promote web services interoperability: Standards, articles and news
WebServices.org: Group of about a dozen providers of enterprise-level software for web services, of which the most notable are CA and Systinet. Lots of news about who signed what deal, but most of the useful information is restricted to members of those companies.
Open Source
Apache Software Foundation: Soucre for Apache server, Tomcat java servlet server, Xerces XML parser and many other packages; Apache web services projects include Axis for SOAP and many others
Sourceforge.net: Major source for over 100,000 open source projects in anormous range of categories; Search for web services and specfic language or environment
Eclipse: Has an entire section on web tools; known primarily for Java IDE, now also offering a PHP IDE and web services tools
IBM runs a number of open source projects, and makes others available on academic license
w3c open source tools
Open Source Web Services Tools in Java
DevShed open source tools
Sources for good articles: Please also check the tools for many topics for a list of newsletters
Mangement of performance of web applications
IBM's alphaworks: Many excellent articles, some very sophisticated, and also RSS feeds on XML, webservices, etc.
IBM's Developer Works: The Web Services and SOA site has many excellent tutorials, articles and technical forecasts, all of high quality. A few of the longer tutorials require an IBM password.
XML.com from 'Reilly: Organized site with entries ranging from blogs to book excerpts. High quality.; O'Reilly also owns Safari on-line books (also available through the ACM if you are a member)
Web Services Architect: Magazine with some news, high quality downloadable articles, links to books and other resources
MSDN or Microsoft Developer Network: General articles and links to their magazine, as well as tutorials on their own products. High quality, but not as many current articles as the IBM sites
Sun Developer Network: Mostly focused on Java and on Sun developer kits, though some more general articles
Google Directory on Web Services: More focused than a straight search; more specifically: FAQs, tutorials, etc.on SOAP, Both IBM and Microsoft offer a sophisticated introduction to SOA and web services.
XMethods.net: Many tutorials (for various platforms) and articles
XFront: Tutorials and articles from Roger Costello
Mozilla and Web Services: Many articles, including on how to access web services in mozilla agents.; Also check their project page as many projects are related to XML technologies
SOA Systems focus on web service standards and on SOA: Links to SOA Magazine and other resources.; Also useful glossary
SOAPRPC: News, many links to articles and other resources
Developer.com (Earthweb): Many useful articles, intermediate to advanced; this links to their web services section; the Gamelan section has articles for java developers.
Primarily news
SearchWebServices is primarily news, but is searchable
eweek and InfoWorld: Regular sources of news for techies; announcements of new standards and products, summaries of conference speeches, etc.
Loosely Coupled: Similar to above, but more technical and with an SOA focus
JackBe: News and short articles on SOA and Ajax
Application Development Trends: Primarily news; some whitepapers
Ziff Davis Buyer's Guides and White Papers: Downloadable after free registration; oriented towards IT management; Similar to above, but more technical and with an SOA focus
Fusion Zone: SOA is primarily news and managerial-type articles with an Oracle slant
Languages and Tools
WebSphere from IBM
Sun Web Services Developer Kit
XMLSuite, XMLSpy, etc.: Tools for XML, web services, etc. Beautiful interfaces. Academic license available or 30 day trial.
Stylus Studio: Tools for XML, web services, etc. 7-day trial
SOAPLite toolkit for Pearl
SOAP client for PHP
McAfee Shares Internal Web-Services Security Tool
Water language
Mindreef SOAPScope Toolkit: Web services toolkit; free trial
Training for web services: The bottom has links to vendor training, such as that at CapeClear, Systinet,Collaxa, and Grand Central. These sites have lots of information : e.g.tutorials on regular expressions and Java Web Services at CapeClear (you need to search for tutorials; there are many more than are suggested by the tab on their home page), but some require logins.

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Examples of Web Services: Amazon, eBay and Google

Amazon Reaches 50,000-Developer Mark With Its Web Services Program: May 24, 2004: How Amazon has attracted developers to write for the stores which sell on Amazon, or how Amazon Web Services counts itself as having 50,000 developers
Amazon.com : Help / AWS home page: Home page for Amazon Web Services - all you need to know is XML and SOAP; Available here too
Amazon.com : Help / AWS home page / FAQ: Amazon Web Services FAQs - including what services are available etc.
AWS includes a web services platform,: a 'scratch pad' (Turk), a search engine and many e-commerce web servcies.
Amazon's XML Interface.
Amazon Web Services: A Brief Introduction Using PHP - Website Publisher
XML.com: Amazon's Web Services and XSLT.: Article from O'Reilly decribing both the web services and the REST interace to Amazon

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Web 2.0 and Related Technologies

The Semantic Web

Semantic Web initiative at w3c
Microformats a way to add semantic information through annotations: Costello's slides on the subject; as always a clear discussion
Microformats.org
IBM has several papers on semantic modeling
A Simple Linkage from Web Services to the Semantic Web

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Resources on Web-Centric Computing ©

Including HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, XML, Web Services, AJAX, Mobile and Web 2.0 Technologies

There is also an Older Version of these resources.

Last Updated 10/3/2014

I also tweet about new and interesting technical articles as msmenzin

Table of Contents

Web Centric Resources and Bookmarks

General Tools

General Resources: for Many Web Programming Topics

IT in general - not web specific

FTP Utilities and PutTY

UNIX/LINUX

Tech News Sources

HTML and XHTML, including CSS

XHTML/HTML and HTML5

Books and Documentation for HTML5 and XHTML

Tutorials and Articles for HTML and XHTML

Tutorials and Elementary Articles

HTML5, including tutorials and more advanced articles

Links and Resources for HTML and XHTML

Browsers including issues on standards compliance

Because browsers vary in their support of standards, it is important to test on all browsers in common use and know where you may get into trouble

Issue in Site and Page Design

Information on Color and Graphics

Page Design - Including Usability

Site Design. Please be sure to also read about Responsive Web Design (design for all screen sizes and devices) in the CSS Section

Tools for Accessibility - e.g. for color-blind and low-vision users

CSS or Cascading Style Sheets

Books and Documentation for CSS

Tutorials & Articles for CSS

Links and Resources for CSS - Including Sample Layout Sources, Best Practices and Browser-Specific Tags

CSS Best Practices

Sample layouts:

CSS in Different Browsers

Please also see Browsers section under XHTML Resources for information on usage and places to download all browsers.

JavaScript

Books and Documentation for JavaScript

Tutorials and Articles for JavaScript

General Tutorials:

Articles on Specific Topics (Advanced) DOM, DHTML, the Event Model, Cookies, etc.

Links and Resources for JavaScript

Debugging

Syntax checkers and validators including JSLint

Debugging Tools

Other - especially tools and sources of scripts Frameworks are in the Ajax section of the Web 2.0 resources

jQuery

Books

Online tutorials:

Video tutorials:

More advanced articles, some on specific topics:

AJAX

Books, Documentation, tutorials and articles- in that order

Books

Documentation

Basic tutorials and articles

More Advanced Articles and Other Resources, Including Examples and Frameworks

CGI and Server-Side Scripting

General - Including Information on HTTP and TCP/IP and resources for multiple languages

CGI, including Regular Expressions - see also Perl folder

Perl - see also CGI folder

PERL Documentation, Tutorials and Resources

Perl Examples, Scripts, Hints

PHP

Python

And More

XML, Web Services, and Related Technologies

XML

XML Articles, documentation and tutorials

Book and Documentation

Tutorials and Articles - Note: Tutorials on SOAP and WSDL are under the 'Web Services' heading, but information on SAX, DOM, JDOM etc. is here

Other resources - after you know a bit

XML discusses XHTML

XMLSpy and Other Parsers

XSL / XSLT including XPath

0XSL/XSLT and XPath - Articles, documentation and tutorials

Tools and implementations of XSLT

Specific extended MLs - MathML etc and also RDF and RSS

Note: This is XML and security first, then RDF and RSS, XML and Databases, then MathML and Amaya, XML in the financial services industry and then miscellaneous. The Semantic Web, Web 2.0, AJAX, mashups etc. are in their own section.

XML Security and Encrpytion

RDF - or Resource Description Framework - is a resource for describing catalogs

Site Design.
Please be sure to also read about Responsive Web Design (design for all screen sizes and devices) in the CSS Section

Articles on Specific Topics (Advanced)
DOM, DHTML, the Event Model, Cookies, etc.

Other - especially tools and sources of scripts
Frameworks are in the Ajax section of the Web 2.0 resources

Note: This is XML and security first, then RDF and RSS, XML and Databases, then MathML and Amaya, XML in the financial services industry and then miscellaneous.
The Semantic Web, Web 2.0, AJAX, mashups etc. are in their own section.

Please note that many links related to web services - e.g. security, mobile web, etc. are in section directly above.
Choreography and BPEL are in this section.

SOAP
Be sure to look in the sections on general information and tutorials (directly aobve) first; this section includes examples and language-dependent/platform-dependent information.