Resources on Web-Centric Computing

Including XHTML, CSS, JavaScript, XML, Web Services, AJAX and Web 2.0 Technologies

There is also an Older Version of these resources.

Last Updated 08/11/2010

Margaret Menzin

Please be sure to check the General Tools section, in addition to the sections for specific topics.
This is a very large set of resources. I suggest that you look at the broad outline of the Table of Contents. The organization is:
     General Tools
     Client-side programming (XHTML, CSS, JavaScript and the DOM, page and site design)
     Server-side Programming (Perl, PHP, etc.)
     XML (XML, XSL, Xpath , RSS, etc), Web Services (SOA, SOAP, WSDL, UDDI) and Web2.0 (AJAX, mashups, semantic web)

You will notice that each of these broad topics is broken down into sections, and each section is organized as Documentation and Books, Tutorials and Articles, Links and Other Resources.

I also find it very useful to use ctl–f to find specific topics.

Table of Contents

IT 320 Bookmarks

General Tools

General Resources: for Many Web Programming Topics

Summary Table of Sites Which Are Useful for Many Topics

 

Certain sites recur frequently: they provide information on multiple topics, and often at multiple levels. This table summarizes those sites and is always a good place to start ... Please note that there are also many sites which are useful for only one or two categories (e.g. CSS or Web Services) and which are listed under those topics. Further, even for the general sites, the topical sections often have links to more specific useful resources.

 

 

 

Site

Comments

XHTML

CSS

Java-

Script

CGI

Perl

PHP

XML

Web Services

Web2.0

w3c

Documentation for most technologies; hard to use unless you know something

Doc

N-I

Doc

 

Doc

 

 

Doc

Doc

 Doc

About

Hard to find with search

N

N

N

 

 

 

N

 

 

w3schools

Superb  tutorials; handy references well organized

N-I

Ref

N-I

Ref

N-I

Ref

 

 

N-I

 

N-I

Ajax

Tizag

Similar to above tho' often less detailed; SQL tutorial too

N

Ref

N

Ref

Scr

N-I

 

N-I

N-I

 

N

 

U Minn. Duluth

 

Superbly organized links; Accessibility info too.

Link by

search

Link

Link

 

 

Link

Link

 

 

Earthweb  *HTMLGoodies

*JavaScripts

*Developer

 

*Gamelan

*WebReference

Family of sites

 

 

 

 

Java interfaces

Advanced articles

 

N; Ref

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I-A; Scr

 

N

Scr

 

 

 

A: Link

 

N

 

I-A; Scr

 

N

 

I-A; Scr

 

N

 

I-A;

Scr

 

I-A;

Link

 

 

 

I-A

 

 

I-A;

Link

 

 

 

I-A

 

I-A

I-A;

Link

 

 

 

I-A; Scr

 

I-A

I-A;

Link

WebDeveloper

 

Links to N-I-E articles

Link

Link

Link

 

Link

Link

Link

 

 

HotScripts

 

Many advanced topics too

 

 

Scr

Scr

Scr

Scr

 

 

Scr

Web Developers

Virtual Library

Clear, but some older

N-I

N-I

N-I

N

N; Link

N; Link

N-I-E; Link

 

 

DevShed

 

 

 

I-E; Scr

 

A; Scr

A;

Scr

A

A

A

IBM developerWorks

Wonderful articles if you have a specific topic

I-A

I-A

I-A

I-A

I-A

I-A

I-A

I-A

I-A

Menzin Links at Simmons College

Longer web page version of these references

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

 

Legend:

N, I and A: has Novice, Intermediate and Advanced articles and tutorials

Doc: has documentation on topic

Ref: has reference charts on syntax

Link: links to other articles and tutorials and books

Scr: has sample scripts and downloadable code

 

Summary Chart (above) as a Word Document

Organizations
World Wide Web Consortium (w3c)
The w3c develops most of the standards for the web. They are the source of definitive documentation on many subject, and have a few primers. Generally it is better to learn a little about a topic before you dig into the documentation.
OASIS develops most of the other standards.
ECMA owns the standard for JavaScript
ACM Many on-line books and courses
ISO makes some standards publicly available; others must be bought from ISO
IEEE Computer Society and ACM are the large professional organizations with tutorials etc.


Articles and Tutorials on Many Subjects, starting with more elementary ones
There are several glossaries, mini–encyclodpedias:
Freebase has many entries about various topics — a bit above the glossary level
WhatIs technical dictionary
TechWeb definitions with liks to related topics
Survey of browser usage
But beware that Netscape and Mozilla may be confounded; See also description of Mozilla
TIOBE Community Bulletin Board
Lists frequency of queries about various languages including web-centric ones
w3schools
On-line tutorials for many subjects - including CSS, XML, etc.  Usually a very clear survey of the issues, features, syntax. Read before you get into the grubby details for an excellent overview.
Tizag
Elementary tutorials. Usually w3schools goes farther, but Tizag covers a few topics that w3schools miss.
ZDNet has downloads (many free) for everything from security to ftp, in addition to their reviews of hardware.
U. of Minnesota - Duluth organizes everything
This well-organized site has tutorials on CSS, JavaScript, XML, PHP, Usability and Accessibility. Tools for every topic. Outstanding collection of resources; no description of level of articles.
About.com
Many clear primers and introductory articles on XHTML, CSS, Perl, etc. Unfortunately hard to find information from previous newsletters.
WebDeveloper.com
Articles (some current, some dated; mostly intermediate) and forums to ask about Java, HTML, XHTML, JavaScript, Perl, CGI etc.
EarthWeb
Useful family of sites covering all areas of web-centric computing; primers, tutorials, and newsletters ranging from elementary (e.g. HTML Goodies) to intermediate; all well-written, but some are dated
Includes WebReference: scripts for HTML, RSS, Perl etc. and also Developer.com with very current technical articles on all the web-centric technologies.
HotScripts
Articles on scripts for many languages and technologies - Perl, PHP, Python, JavaScript, XML. Well organized. For example, click on PHP, then books and you are led to short paragraphs describing over 60 PHP books.
Web Developer's Virtual Library
Tutorials on authoring, including intermediate level ones; JavaScript, CSS, XML, etc.
DDJ
Dr. Dobbs Journal has links on many programming languages and platforms ; also news.
ASPN Active State Programmer Network
Resource for programmers in Perl, PHP, Python, etc. in which Active State offers open source languages and tools. The Newsfeeds tab links to RSS feeds from many tech news sources. Major site.
The Experts
Links to Dmitry's Design lab (a favorite), articles on XML, DHTML
A List Apart (calls itself ALA)
Mainly articles on CSS code, but also some on JavaScript, XML, layout and web site design. Oriented to graphic designers.
Useful Links for Web Developers by Sonal Patel Great introductions to many topics
Mashable follows stories about mobile commuting and social networking; the newletter can be overwhelmeing


More Advanced Resources
Centricles bookmarklets for several useful web and php related topics
Mozilla's Developer Center
Links to articles and reference material on every topic in web programming and then some. Advanced.
Alphaworks from IBM
Articles on many cutting edge technologies; clear but not novice
developerWorks has articles on IBM products, but also excellent articles on emerging standards and technologies.
Amaya Home Page
Editor which includes extensions to MathML; Amaya is a w3c.org tool for editing on the web
Apache
A very large, major open source organization with many projects.
Apache is a web server; there are links to Xerces, Apache's XML editing tool, other XML projects, and many other projects and products.
Source Forge
Another large source for open source projects; you need to know what you are looking for.
Sun Microsystems
Sun's developer site - information on Java, Web Services, etc.
DevEdge Netscape Sidebar Tabs
Sidebars for HTML, CSS, JavaScript etc. you may install in Firefox and Netscape 7+ for heavy duty developers. DevEdge was a wonderful site, now archived here. The sidebar tabs are professional tools for developers. For example, there are sidebars for JavaScript, CSS, DOM and XSLT.
DevShed has tutorials and articles on scripting and programming languages, databases, and platforms.
Marc Andressen's Cheat Sheets for all of the above and more
Cheat–sheets.org a huge list covering many, many computer topics
DigiLife Quick References and e-Books for all of the above.
Zvon
Sidebars for developers working with Mozilla and Opera browsers; tutorials on CSS, XML and extensions
SourceForge is a huge repository of open source projects
94 open source tools but list may not be kept current.

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IT in general - not web specific

FTP Utilities and PuTTY

CoreFTPLite
My favorite free FTP client for Windows;supports both FTP and SFTP/SSH' easy to use and robust. Best of all, if you find a typo after you've uploaded a file you may use CoreFTP to edit it on the server.
Fetch is an excellent FTP client for Macs
CyberDuck
Free FTP and SFTP utility- this one for Macs, also available at Apple
Choosing an FTP utility
FTP for various OS's; good discussion of the issues, but tools last updated in 2004.
Setting up your FTP utility
Filezilla
Free FTP and SFTP (Secure FTP) utility (from Source Forge)
Fugu
SFTP for Macs with a graphical front-end
ZDNet
FTP clients, many with reviews. You may set the filter to 'free'.
PuTTY is a free implementation of Telnet for Windows and Unix systems. It may be downloaded at :
http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/ (Homepage for PuTTY)
or http://www.softpedia.com/get/Network-Tools/Telnet-SSH-Clients/PuTTY.shtml
Easy installation instructions are at http://www.wnec.edu/~snarmont/putty/
And the user manual is at http://www.tartarus.org/%7Esimon/puttydoc/index.html

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UNIX/LINUX

A few reminders in case you need to brush up
While you are on a UNIX/LINUX machine:
man commandName  gives the manual's sections on that command.
A tutorial which starts with the basic but goes to more topics;
great resource
There are many LINUX (and UNIX) groups on Google
The following tutorials are all very, very basic:
Linux Primer from Clark University
Linux Links
Includes a place for newbies, but most of the searches link to books at Amazon
BigNoseBird Tutorial on vi has cheat sheet of vi editing commands and a primer
Linux Primer another good introduction
Learn Linux in 10 minutes including vi basics
Several basic Linux tutorials
User–friendly FAQs on Linux
Commonly used Unix Commands
The One Page Linux Manual from digilife is useful after you have used Linux a bit
vi cheat sheet also from digilife
Working with Files under UNIX
Well organized and useful
Unix Guru univers — beginners start here
With references to moer advanced material also
Search Enterprise Linux resource for Linux sysadmis

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Tech News Sources

ACM
Current news; you should also get their newsletter with weekly updates.
If you are a student, you should join; student memberships are a bargain.
IEEE
This site has more news about the IEEE than about technology.
Local societies and local computer societies also frequently have newsletters
ZDNet
Reviews of software, hardware and tech toys; good place to find free utilities (e.g. for FTP)
as well as to comparison shop for new computers, digital cameras, etc.
CNET Tech News
TechWeb catering to IT folk
Tech News World
SlashDot which likes to describe itself as ':news for nerds'
Wired.com

The following sites offer newsletters geared to web-centric computing:
eweek primarily news; many topics
Informit (self-serving) white papers from vendors
InfoWorld News, reviews, opinions.
ComputerWorld, sister to InfoWorld, is less oriented to web development issues
TechRepublic.com Technical news, articles on web services, CSS, XHTML, JavaScript, etc.
Cafe Au Lait has news on XML and Cafe Con Leche has news on Java
About.com maintains lists of folks who blog about web development and about HTML and XHTML

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HTML and XHTML, including CSS

XHTML/HTML

Books and Documentation for HTML and XHTML

Books
HTML and XHTML: The Definitive Guide 6th Edition by Chuck Musciano & Bill Kennedy, published by O'Reilly 2006
Clear, with pleny of examples; read a short tutorial first, then use this for more detail and as a reference
HTML & XHTML: The Complete Reference 4th Edition by Thomas A. Powell, published by Osborne 2003
Excellent both to learn from and as a reference; includes CSS1 and CSS2 and how to link with Java applets
HTML, XHTML, and CSS Bible (Bible) 3rd Edition by Bryan Pfaffenberger, Bill Karow, Chuck White, and Steven M. Schafer published by Wiley, 2004
The 'Bible' reference books are usually the most complete and usually invaluable


Tables of special characters (accented letters, apostrophes, etc.)
About.com
w3schools
w3c.org
Includes mathematical characters and descriptions
Also avaiable here
Characters in order of their Unicode number from w3c.org
Also available here
HTML.su entities
An easy to scan table which includes mathematical symbols and letters from other languages
Characters, Entities and Fonts from w3c.org —
with descriptive information
Tables of entities
Tables are broken into groups — math, punctuation etc. so may be easier to find what you need
Web Standards' similar tables
How to combine Unicode characters
Useful should you need to to add diacritical marks
Extended Latin Alphabet
Letters for French, Sweedish, etc. No symbols, but much easier to use if you need only these letters. With more characters too.
Links to Unicode characters for all the alphabets
Hard to find


Tables of XHTML (and HTML4) tags, elements and attributes
Complete documentation on XHTML from w3c.org
w3schools table of all XHTML and HTML tags, attributes, colors, etc.;
Quick reference on all XHTML tags from DevGuru.com
Very easy to use and helpful, but doesn't warn you about usage dropped in going from transitional to strict Doctype.
HTML/XHTML in one page
Easy to use chart with all tags and doctypes — last updated in August 2007, so no HTML5 info
XHTML Elements Library - HTML Tag Library from About.com.
Links to summary of tags for HTML/XHTML by function (at bottom) and alphabetically (to right of sponsored links box) and links to summary of modules (major chunks by function) for XHTML
(X)HTML5 Elements and Attributes
Useful table; need to click on a term on left side and relevant info appears on right
(X)HTML Best Practises Sheet
Very useful table showing which elements (tags) are implemented in which versions of HTML and XHTML, including mobile XHTML and (X)HTML5
Cheat sheet for XHTML
A bit hard to read, but useful if you have forgotten some syntax details
Links to several XHTML cheat sheets
The following articles refer to (the older) HTML, but still have some useful information:
HTML 4.01 Specification
You can also find the Forms specifications here.
HTML4 elements from w3c.org
HTML4 attributes from w3c.org Includes information on what is deprecated
IDocs References on HTML and tutorial


Doctypes, Mimetypes and preview of same for HTML5/XHTML5
w3c Recommendations for Doctypes
Exactly what you need to know, but does not yet include XHTML 2.0 or HTML5/XHTML5.
See next link for HTML5/XHTML5 information
Coming Attractions HTML5/XHTML5
Has summary of what is coming and extensive list of references, including info on doctypes, where to stay on top of news, w3c recommendations, new tags coming in HTML5/XHTML5 etc.
Serving the correct MIME type
Does not include HTML5/XHTML5
Potential problems with very old browsers
In 2002 some browsers had problems with the XML declaration


Modularization of XHTML; further articles are in the More Advanced Articles section
Modularization of XHTML1.1 from w3c;
Includes information on changes from XHTML1.0
XHTML Basic description and documentation from w3c;
XHTML Basic is a minimal subset for 'small user agents' (cell phones, smart watches, TV's)
The Image Map module
For creating clickable image maps
HTML Working Group Roadmap
What modules and versions will be coming your way and when


Other XHTML documentation
Please also check Other XHTML Links and Resources as many of them also have documentation
and reference tables in addition to articles
XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)
Making sure your XHTML is displayed properly in (old) HTML browsers; from w3.org. This article also includes information about various DOCTYPEs.
Setting the character set encoding
More information on character set encodings is in the Tutorials section.
The DOM model
The DOM has become very important (e.g. for CSS and AJAX). Tutorials and Articles on the DOM are listed separately in the JavaScript section. This reference is from the JavaScript Kit.
Structure of Unicode

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Tutorials and Articles for HTML and XHTML

Tutorials and Elementary Articles

HTML and the transition to XHTML
The links below are tutorials on HTML and articles on why you should move to XHTML. Although you should be writing XHTMl, rather than HTML, a complete novice might find it easier to start with HTML. These tutorials are particularly clear. The tutorial on XHTML are right after this section.
Introduction to HTML
Dave Ragett's Tutorials on HTML
Even though you should start with XHTML, this is such a clear, concise tutorial it's a classic.
There are also links to his advanced tutorial, his tutorial on CSS, and to his invaluable HTMLTidy (which turns HTML into XHTML).
HTML Tutorial from EchoEcho.com
Another clear HTML tutorial; has some more advanced features - e.g. meta tags refresh, etc. The navigation is so clear that you can quickly zoom to any details you need.
Web Design Reference Guide from Peachpit Press
More sophisticated, and with attention to accessibiltiy and usability, this is a good way to build your knowledge once you have done some basic work
Why switch to XHTML?
The Transition from HTML to XHTML From About.com
Making the switch to XHTML from Builder.com


XHTML Tutorials
XHTML Tutorial from w3schools.com
The w3schools tutorials are always a good place to begin.
XHTML tutorials from About .com.
Good but basic tutorials which you can have it emailed to you as a free course
WDVL: Introduction to XHTML, with eXamples
Introduction to the Web Standards Curriculum
A very gentle introduction to XHTML, CSS and JavaScript; well-written, but doesn't go very far.
Tutorials from w3c.org.
Includes links to some advanced tutorials.


Articles on Fonts
Please also refer to the sections on Site Design and Browsers
Common fonts
Fonts found in most browsers
Font rendering in different platforms
Includes valuable screen shots of Courier and Arial in different browsers on PCs and Macs
Survey of fonts commonly found on browsers
Updated every few months; includes windows, macs and linux machines
Browser News' font resources
Includes a very useful chart of which fonts are found on Windows, Macs and Linux machines
Common fonts on Windows and their Mac equivalents
Table shows fonts and their equivalents, but it is hard to see some of the differences
The trouble with using ems and percents for font sizing
Pitfalls of relative sizing for fonts
Are keywords the answer for font sizing?
Keywords work better than absolute or relative sizes for fonts
Font Families: How to Decide Which Font Family to Use – –
Serif, Sans–Serif, Monospace, Script, Fantasy families
Fonts
w3c's definitions of the font characteristics you may specify, and how to do it.


Articles on Lists
Unordered lists – how to change the shape of the bullets or get none
Beginning with XHTML1.0 strict this must be done through styling.
This also works on mobile devices
Ordered lists – how to change the enumeration (e.g. Roman, Arabic numerals, letters, etc.)
Beginning with XHTML1.0 strict this must be done through styling.
This also works on mobile devices
The starting point of the numbering/lettering may also be specified
Possible values for list–style–type
To specify shape of bullet (or none) for unordered lists and method of enumerating (numbers, letters, etc.) for ordered lists
Examples of list code
Guidelines for formatting lists


Articles on other specific topics
Attributes and XML Introduction.
The span and div Tags
Clear summary of the similarities and differences
What's in a Title
What the title tag does for you and how to find it.
Properly using CSS and Scripts with XHTML - please also see section below on CSS
From Mozilla; with examples
Using an HTML Validator
Please also see section below on HTMLTidy
Quirks Mode - Using the DOCTYPE Tag
Why you need the DOCTYPE
Information on DOM and DHTML is at DOM - advanced articles on JavaScript
Attributes for the Image tag
Checklist for your web page
Good checklist on everything from correct spelling to making sure your image files are small enough to download rapidly (12Kb)

Forms, Post and Get - see also section on CGI

A Useability checklist for forms
Excellent article
WDVL: Server-side Scripting
Excellent introduction to what CGI is and why it's needed.
WDVL: Web Programming: GET, POST, etc.
The 'Day One'pages provide a particularly clear description of GET, POST, (when to use which), HTTP headers and forms.
Focus on forms
The focus() and blur() methods
Checkboxes vs. Radio Buttons
From Jakob Nielsen, the great guru on usability
The Disabled attribute in forms
This allows you to fill in a field and prevent the user from changing it
HTML Forms from w3c.org
Includes some advanced methods - e.g. fieldset for grouping related elements and control elements; additions to forms in XHTML are also available in the forms module.
XForms for HTML Authors
The w3c.org explains how to convert Forms to Xforms
Emailing Forms Data
Scripts to send form data by email, if you don't want to use the preferred CGI script

More Advanced Articles

Using Web Pages with Excel
How to set up your web page so that it may be downloaded into Excel
Coming eventually: XHTML2.0
What to expect
Modularization of XHTML
Good introduction to modularization of XHTML for XHTML
Also discusses the Transitional, Strict, and Frameset subsets of XHTML
Description of all the modules in XHTML 1.1
Should you abandon table-based layouts in favor of CSS?
Yes- almost always! And this articles explains why
The document character set (Unicode)
What are charsets all about?
How do I use them - a tutorial
Q & A blog on charsets

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Links and Resources for HTML and XHTML

Validators, HTML Tidy and the connections between HTML and XHTML

HTML Tidy is the standard for XHTML validation.
Originally developed at the w3c, it is now under the aegis of Source Forge, the huge open source organization. It will also turn HTML into XHTML, but it is obviously better to start with XHTML.

HTML tidy service - this is the place I recommend going!!
HTML Tidy on-line (interactive). Fast and easy to use.You don't need to learn all the details of HTML Tidy to use this page. Also both file upload or URL versions at w3c
General information about HTMLTidy and its capabilities
Although this page describes itself as 'somewhat dated', it has a lot of excellent information as well as a Link to Source Forge and current versions of HTML Tidy.
HTML Tidy Project Page
The actual HTML Tidy programs, which you may download if you wish to 'Tidy' your pages off-line.
Also HTML Tidy - Frequently Asked Questions and HTML Tidy Configuration Options Quick Reference
Options you may set for HTML Tidy at SourceForge. This is a huge site, with a library of Tidy that you can call in various languages, and tools for version management.
Explains how to download your own copy of HTML Tidy and set the options
XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)
How to write HTML which is XHTML compatible so there is less to 'Tidy' up


There are other validators
w3c validator for HTML 5
Still in beta in September 2008, but this is the spot to watch for future releases.
WHATWG Validator for HTML5
ANother important spot to watch
w3c Validator for XHTML1.0Strict
And against whatever Doctype you specify
CSE HTML Validator Online Check
On-line HTML Validator
There is a free version.
Mozilla's DevEdge has links to several validators.
HTML Kit
Customizable HTML editor with HTML Tidy and beyond for validation; free for personal use.
Validator advice and common 'gotchas'
From AListApart
Advice on validation and links to validators
Many useful links;explanation of linters vs validators.
Links to many validators, link checkers
Includes other tools for analyzing and optimizing web site traffic, etc.

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XHTML Editors

Links to 31 free XHTML editors for Windows
Brief description of each editor
Large parts of this page were composed on Evrsoft's excellent 1st page
NoteTab Lite is also popular.
Amaya is the w3c's browser/editor and it is designed to work with mathematical expressions and MathML.
TextWrangler
The editor of choice for many Mac users
Fetch
Another popular Mac editor
HTML Editors and Software for Web Development
Editors, image map tools, etc. Reviews of same.
HTML Goodies suggestions in 2005
WYSISYG Editors - a few of which are free
The list includes the usual commercial products - Dreamweaver, Adobe, etc. and links to them
More links on editors from About.com
HTML-Kit - free, standards-compliant editor and validator
ZDNet's Download site is another source of editors.
Some reviews. Editors range from free to expensive. Many have free trial or less fancy free version. Check ZDNet's general download site for site management and design tools.
SourceForge, the huge open source software foundation
Also maintains a list of editor projects (including editors for other languages and the highly regarded Notepad++)
Of course, everything is free, but the site is overwhelming.
HyperText Builder 2006
Earlier versions of this freeware editor were highly reviewed.
Includes tools for developing server-side PHP scripts

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Link Checkers

Link Valet
Free and easy to use. Color coded report makes it easy to find broken links, although some fancy 'error pages' don't get picked up as broken.
w3c link checker
ZDNet also has a list of link checkers.
List is updated and includes prices, release date, and some reviews.
Juciy Studio Link Checker

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Browsers including issues on standards compliance

Because browsers vary in their support of standards, it is important to test on all browsers in common use and know where you may get into trouble

Why standards are important
Survey of browser usage
But beware that Netscape and Mozilla may be confounded; See also description of Mozilla
Most recent version of Firefox
With access to other Mozilla products including SeaMonkey for all browsers
Archive of old browsers so you can test your site on all browsers.
This is really a one-stop place and is the easiest way to find old versions of Firefox.
Also has Bobby (for low vision viewers), Safari for Macs, Flock (social browser).
Of course, all versions of IE, including for handhelds, are here.
SillyDog
Archive of old (and current) Netscape Navigator browsers for PC's, Macs, Linux, etc.
Current Opera browser
Mobile version of browser also available here
Netscape archive of its browsers
Doctype switch and the difference between Quirks and Standard mode
Also has useful table on how older browsers handle various doctypes and articles on same topic.
Quirks mode for Mozilla browsers
Clear description of why Quirks mode is needed and how it works
Quirks mode and various elements as implemented in various browsers
Very useful set of tables from Peter-Paul Koch, who is always worth reading.
How your page looks in Lynx, a text-only browser
Major browsers with brief descriptions (best translated by Google)
and their bugs. Useful.
PNG and cross-browser problems
PNG is a graphics format which is not supported in all browsers. This article tells you how to work around that
AListApart articles on browsers
Many of these articles are on CSS and site design issues.
Design for Firefox first and then IE
to make pages look good in both browsers.
Don't tell them what browser to use
And use the standards!

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Other XHTML Links and Resources

The more general resources come before the specific ones.
Please also check the section on accessibility rules and tools.
In general, www.w3c.org
has all the detailed documentation, and the sites below have easier introductions
Still, it's hard to underestimate the importance of the w3c site for documentation, status reports, and even some tutorials.
About.com covers many, many topics
www.w3schools.com many excellent novice to internmediate tutorials
Web Developers Virtual Library has excellent introductory to intermediate tutorials
WebReference tends to be more for experienced developers
Their Experts page has many good links, including Dmitry's labs, with great design advice.
XHTML.com
Has documentation and references as well as articles on best practises, accessibility, CSS etc.
The Mozilla Development Center has a variety of HTML tools
http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Category:HTML:Tools
Sidebars for developing in Firefox
The MDC section on HTML and that on XHTML links to tools, including validators, and sophisticated articles
Web Developer Extension has a toolbar for Firefox, Flock, etc.
Zvon has sidebars for Opera and IE
Also tutorials, including on XML and CSS
XHTML Frequently Answered Questions
Open Source Web Development - DevShed
Articles on XHTML,CSS, XML, Perl, etc
Tend to be more advanced and often looking for less main-stream effects.
DHTML Scripts and DHTML Tutorials
DevEdge Tune-Up Wizard
Tests pages in Firefox and other Mozilla products
w3c Working Group for XHTML2
Links to working group and other resources for HTML5/XHTML5

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Issue in Site and Page Design

Information on Color and Graphics

The RGB Monitors
WDVL explains how colors are specified in XHTML and why
The 6x6x6 Color Cube
What colors you can specify using that cube
Browser safe, or non-dithering, colors
This is the most famous site for browser safe colors, which you should always use browser safe colors to avoid dithering. You may view the colors arranged by hue or by value (similar intensity/impact.)
Other pages with browser-safe colors may be found at
Cloford has some nice info and charts
The Visual QuickStart Guide on XHTML and CSS
WDVL has a site on graphics
    Links to free graphics, tools, resources etc. near the bottom of the page
    Also some more advanced articles on graphics
About.com and those named and links to all browser safe colors
Cloford.com - Charts on colors, special characters, country codes
Dmitry's Color Lab
Excellent advice and information about color and design; several pages
Designing a Color Graphics Page
This includes a checklist for situations where color is critical — e.g. for air traffic controlers; very detailed discussion of luminence , contrast, color schemes, etc.
This site also has information on Using color in information display graphics
Optimizing Web Graphics
A bit dated, but many wonderful tools and links, and no one minds a fast download
Understanding Color and Accessibility
From evolt.org
Color Wheel and color theory
Many useful links to tools and other resources
Color Schemes
Monochromatic, complementary, etc.; from web standards curriculum
Eltima's color picker
You select the color and this freeware gives you its hex representation
Tools for re-sizing images
How to add video to your web pages
Sources of free images and icons
HTML Writers' Guild -Links to several libraries of buttons,rules, etc.
Realm Graphics - 150 icons by type; Good source
w3schools has a selection of colored bullets
Clip-art.com- Enormous collection of free clip art
Graphic Element samples - Large collection of basic but useful icons
Yahoo 's list of icon collections- Always a good place to start
Laura McCanna's Free Art Page- - Images with a similar feel
Icon Bazaar - Icons by category, so easier to find what you want
Index of bullets - Useful site for colored bullets
Webshots Photos - Enormous collection of photos, very well categorized; has several of everything you can think of; may also use it them as screen savers
GraphixKingdom - Large collection of clip art by category
Icon Browser - Large collection of icons, but not categorized, so time-consuming to use
Barry's Clip Art - Another huge, categorized source
Smilies and animated smilies

Page Design - Including Usability

Books
Don't Make Me Think: A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability 2nd Edition by Steve Krug 2005
Good place to start if you've never thought about navigation etc.
Designing Interfaces by Jenifer Tidwell published by O'Reilly 2005
From author's experiece designing interfaces for the Math Works; very sophisticated; will be most appreciated by tose with a visual deign sense
The Non-Designer's Design Book by Robin Willams published by Pechpit Press 1994
I like this outstanding book even better than her Non-Designer's Web Book; basic principles on layout, mixing fonts etc. Short and wonderful
Web Style Guide: Basic Design Principles for Creating Web Sites; Second Edition by Patrick J. Lynch and Sarah Horton; Yale University Press 2002
Classic guide for graphic designers; also available on- line (see below)
Articles
The Basics of Page Layout
Basic - which is a good place to start. Links at the bottom to other information
On the same site is good advice about balance, contrast,etc. and also about creating designs which serve the sites' goals.
Things every Web Designer Should Know
Also reminds you about guides or making your site efective, and reminds you of how little we scan rather than read on–line.
What does a good web page need?
Another introductory, brief article; also some thoughts about color and layout
Design Principles: Alignment
Compare screenshots of various alignments with a brief discussion of them.
Lynch and Horton on Page Design
This chapter of their on–line book is meaty, not difficult, but not casual reading.
Visual vs structural approach to page design
Graceful degration and progressive enhancement
For advanced coders;article continues.
AListApart
Has articles on writing for the web and also on layout and many other topics including maps
AListApart is a professional web designers' site but their articles are quite accessible.
On-line writing style
From Lynch and Horton's classic book
How to write headlines, page titiles and subject lines
Web copywriting tips
The F-shaped pattern for reading on the web
From Jakob Nielsen, who also informs us about how little do users read
How visuals draw attention
Interesting and subtle
Tips for fast-loading pages
Useful for large pages/sites; from Mozilla
Checklist for creating web pages
The all important back button
Links near the bottom lead to more articles about navigation
Writing Effective Links
Slash - getting URLs right
Screen resolution and page layout
Checkboxes vs. Radio Button
Article by Jakob Nielsen, the great guru of usability.
His web site has many articles on usability, including
The Top 10 mistakes of web design and the all-important Usability 101. Also annual lists of best and worst web sites.
Useability checklist for forms
Good advice!
Useable forms for an international audience
From evolt.org
Usability.gov
Many articles, templates and lots of good advice about usability.
Includes information about the process of developing a site
as well as on planning, writing, programming and usability testing.
A treasure trove of information.
Interaction design
A very sophisticated article from the usability experts at User Interface Enginneering
They also offer a free newsletter with usability tips.
Please also see tools for accessibility below

Site Design

Books
Information Architecture for the World Wide Web 3rd Edition by Peter Morville, Louis Rosenfeld, 2006
For designing very large sites; very current - tagging etc.
Articles
Art and the Zen of Web Sites
Humorous but very on-target advice (OK, we don't advocate tables for layout any more, but the rest of the advice is great.)
Dmitry's Design Lab
Great advice on site design, navigation, etc. Great place to start
Web Style Guide
On-line version of Horton and Lynch's classic book, now in its 3rd edition
Good advice on everything from typography to navigation and on to site design
A complete course! Also further references
Navigation advice
From evolt.org
Where Am I?
Good advice on navigation
Navigational State of Confusion
The difference between navigational and iterative tasks — and links to many other design articles
What makes for a good site?
How to drive your readers away
Showcase of 72 navigations
Beautiful graphics but the coding is variations on a few themes
Articles on site design, layout and graphic design
From AListApart (site oriented to graphic artists).
Best Practises for Deveoping a Web Site
Teaches you what to think about if you have never read anything on this subject. Skip if you've ever read about developing software which mets the customer's needs, otherwise helpful
Designing the Obvious
Excerpt from Hoekman's book of the same name; continues at part 2 and part 3
Optimizing Flow in Web Design
Excerpt from Andrew King's book of the same title
Choosing a CMS - What you Need to Know
Choosing a CMS (Content Management System): needed for large or active sites
Drupal Powerful open source CMS
David Mercer's book Drupal: Creating Blogs, Forums, Portals, And Community Websites has been well reviewd, as has his book on Drupal 6
Typo3 is another open source CMS
Google WebMaster Tool to generate a site map, and many other webmaster tools

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Tools for Accessibility - e.g. for color-blind and low-vision users

Web Accessibility Initiative
W3c's links to everything you could need to know about accessibility problems on-line and how to address them. The w3c.org also has a Content Accessibility Curriculum
Color Deficient Vision
See how your site looks to someone who is color-blind with links (at bottom) to transforming tools.
Rules so your site will be accessible for the color-blind
CSS for aural style sheets
For pages which are read aloud
Web documentation for aural style sheets
From w3.org
Web Standards
Webstandards.org is devoted to affordable accessibility for all.
Through their site you may obtain the British guide to accessible sites
Creating accessible tables from the w3c.org
How to create tables (for tabular information, not for layout) which work for Braille readers, cell phones, etc.
Accessibility and the Web - Designing Web Pages that are Color-Blind Friendly
Rules so your site will be accessible for the color-blind
This is a free service which validates for conformance to accessibility rules.
Lynx Viewer
Lynx is a text-only browser.

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Search Engines and Getting Found

SearchEngines.com - search engine rankings and search engine optimization tips.
Largest site on search engines; newsletters etc. How to get found and news
Search Engines: What's the Difference?
Google vs. Yahoo vs. Ask
Goodies to Go! Overview of Search Engines
How Search Engines Work
Several pages, including good information you'll want to know on how they rank pages
Major Search Engines and Directories
Major search engines and how to get listed
Before You Write Meta Tags
Uses for meta-tags, including general and internal search engines
How to write meta-tags for search engines and for site management
The impact of links and link text on search engine placement
Getting found
How to pick keywords for your site
From the technology blog at webgrrls.com
Search Engine Optimatization techniques a short introduction
10 Tips for Optimizing a Web Page for Search Engines
A clear explanation in a longer article
Google's Adwords Tool and Keywords Tool
Allows you to test keywords and also make suggestions. Invaluable!
Google has tips for using the tools, as does ProBlogger
Google also has a PageRank checker
What is a link farm
And why being listed on one makes it harder to get found and how to stay away from them
Web Analytics
Introduction to the terms in web analytics — which is about analyzing the visits to your site.
See also what they can track and many links on both pages

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CSS or Cascading Style Sheets 

Books and Documentation for CSS

Please note that many sites are a combination of tutorials, articles, documentation, examples and information about tools. All these are found in the Links and Resources for CSS section, so be sure to check out that section too. Also, some browsers (IE7) do not fully supportCSS2; please check CSS in Different Browsers section for details.

Books, in addition to CSS coverage in XHTML books and DOM coverage in JavaScript books
Cascading Style Sheets: The Definitive Guide 3rd Edition by EricA. Meyer published by O'Reilly 2006
Excellent both to learn from and as a reference
The Zen of CSS Design: Visual Enlightenment for the Web The Zen of CSS Design: Visual Enlightenment for the Web 2005
Book version of the famous web site; lots of information
Cascading Style Sheets 2.0 Programmer's Reference by Eric A. Meyer published by Osborne, 2001
Strictly a reference
Documentation
W3C on CSS2
See especially section 5 on selectors, 6 on assigning property values and the cascade and @import rule, section 4.3.6 on colors, section 7 on media types, and Appendices F and G for charts on descriptors and property values (including default values).
W3C on the Cascade
Style Activity Statement
Status of various w3c projects on style sheets - including CSS and XSL; see also Style Homepage
CSS Validator from w3c.org
XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)
Guidelines so your XHTML will work in existing HTML browsers
CSS Reference Table
Very useful table of attributes and values; from Builder.com
CSS Reference table
Only CSS1, but a good clear place for a beginner to start, as is the guide. There is also a table for CSS2
CSS reference table from XHTML.com
CSS structure and rules
A short tutorial with links to more tutorials at the bottom. CSS1 only, but very clear.
CSS for aural style sheets (pages which are read aloud)
Also Web documentation for aural style sheets
CSS Documentation and articles
Many topics and useful resources; covers CSS1 and CSS2.
CSS2 Reference from w3schools
Their tutorials are very useful, and so are their references.
CSS: The Definitive Guide - 1st edition by Eric Meyer
This is indeed the definitive guide. The on-line version, which has less explanatory material than the print version, is also available through Safari Books at the ACM
Discusses CSS1 thoroughly and looks ahead to CSS2
CSS Cheat Sheets
HTML Goodies' Reference
May cover only CSS1, but easy to use and fine until all common browsers implement CSS2 or you use CSS2's features

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Tutorials & Articles for CSS

Learning CSS
Books,tutorials, etc. on CSS from w3c.org
Starting with HTML + CSS
A first look at CSS from w3c.org; good place to start.
CSS Tutorial
From w3schools.com; another excellent introduction.
Dave Raggett's Introduction to CSS
RichInStyle.com CSS2 tutorial
Linking your style sheets to your html page
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) By Example: CSS Resources
Fine set of tutorials and links
Tutorial from EchoEcho.com
Basic, clear. Many links on site: tools, forums, reference links.
Beginner's tutorial from html.net
Useful index on the left side; through intermediate level.
MaxDesign's tutorials
On lists, floats, etc. Start with the SelectTutorial. These tutorials are intermediate level.
Quick Tutorial on CSS
From WDG and htmlhelp.com. May not include CSS2, but a fast start
Articles on how to link, classes vs id etc basic but very clear
WestCiv's tutorials
From beginning to advanced.
Another tutorial; this one is from CommunityMX
All sections are indexed in part 6; site also has tutorials on Flash, Dreamweaver, etc.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Tutorial
About.com 's CSS tutorials, including table of contents to various lessons. Also links to libraries, templates, and articles. They also offer more detailed CSS Lessons (Change the 1-1 in the URL to 2-1, etc. to go to next lesson. ) and many articles (You'll need to search for CSS, as the site keeps growing and has no hierarchical organization. Does have articles on specificity, CSS3, CSS browser support etc.)
Tutorial from Zvon.com
Also has links to tutorials on XML etc
10 Favorite CSS tutorials, with brief descriptions.
None is elementary.
Tutorial on internationalization and CSS3 from w3c.org
HTML Goodies - Explorer Tutorials
Well written tutorials, very clear, but maybe dated (e.g. CSS1 instead of CSS2)
WDVL: Introduction to Style Sheets
Tutorial on CSS - good top-down approach, but only CSS1; good links at bottom of page, including "up one level" for many articles
The Brain Jar on Positioning with CSS
There are other tutorials here too - e.g. on DOM and on using CSS
Lists in CSS.
CSS and XSL: When to use which
The w3c says 'Use CSS when you can, use XSL when you must.'
Should you abandon tables for layout?
Almost always and here's why
Why you shouldn't use in-line CSS with a strict DOCTYPE
Friendlybit.com also has many articles on CSS, HTML and JavaScript,
Including a Beginner's Guide to CSS, and some simple templates.
CSS, PDFs, LaTeX and PrinceXML
Advanced.
In-line styling in CSS2
By Eric Meyer. Advanced
Case study of how Mozilla used CSS to redesign its DevEdge site
Case study of using CSS and JavaScript to design a menu bar
The CSS Anarchist
Older article on how to use CSS to wreck poorly coded sites and turn off blinking ads

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Links and Resources for CSS - Including Sample Layout Sources and Browser-Specific Hacks

W3C home page on CSS
Links to articles, tutorials, documentation, roadmaps of what's coming, news, etc.
Learning CSS
Books and articles on learning CSS
W3C Core Styles
8 style sheets on w3c's server which you can link to from your pages.
CSS Based Design
By Jeremy Keith, author of the wonderful DOM Scripting book
Many references on CSS
From Web design Group at htmlhelp.com; also a link to further references and a CSS Checker
U. of Minnesota - Duluth organizes everything
This well-organized site has tutorials on CSS, information on (literally) everything from headers to footers and everything in between.
They also have links to their sites on JavaScript, XML etc.
Open Directory - Computers: Data Formats: Style Sheets: CSS
Many links for HTML, XHTML and CSS
CSS Pointers
Another large compendium of articles, FAQs, tools, etc. For the Pros.
WDVL: Designing CSS Web Pages
Tutorials and recommended ' Designing CSS Web Pages', 2-part article on knowing who your audience is and how to design for it. Also CSS Resources at other sites
All CSS articles from About.com
Sidebars on CSS etc. for developers
These tools disappeared from Netscape's DevEdge site, and Mozilla has brought them back into its archives; the archives also have their CSS Central
CSS Validator From w3c
SelectOracle
Tells you what a complex selector does
Site for Eric Meyer, the great guru of CSS
He wrote the books on CSS (or at least two of the best). If you're going to be a power user it's worth checking his blog. You can also subscribe to the CSS-discuss mailing list and check out his cutting edge site.
CSS Zen Garden
This is the most amazing site of examples of what you can do with CSS. One page is transformed by over 900 style sheets. (Check the archives.)These are all done by professional graphic artists, but we can all admire them. They also have an excellent list of resources.
Daily Fun is similar to Zen Garden - i.e. many stylesheets for one page, but I prefer the ZenGarden.
Another amazing list of CSS resources is at Holy CSS Zeldman!
In addition to many CSS links, there are also links on JavaScript and AJAX.
It seems to me that you can find everything here: tutorials, books, sites, galleries at other sites (e.g. CSS Zen Garden), hints, etc.
www.friendlybit.com
has many articles on CSS, HTML and JavaScript,
including a Beginner's Guide to CSS, and some simple templates .
Advanced CSS Resources
Lots of good information, including properties, a clear explanation of the cascade, and tables on browser support. You may need to click through lots of pages to get to what you want.
Litmus, formerly CSS Vista
Tool to test your CSS in IE and Firefox at the same time. Account is free.
CSS Documentation and articles
Many topics and useful resources. Covers CSS1 and CSS2.
A trick/tool for debugging CSS
Examples of well-designed sites
New York Public Library Style Guide
CSS Pointers Authoring Tools
Also has information about browsers and XSL tools.
Codestyle.org
A site for developers; be sure to check their XHTML page too, as its FAQs include CSS questions.

Sample layouts:

Layouts for 1, 2, 3, or 4 columns using CSS
Over 50 layouts. Choose the number of columns you want, then the particular layout, and then download the code.
Templates for lists from Max Designs
Builds the layouts step-by-step, tutorial style
Layouts from Eric Costello at glish.com
A half dozen classic layouts with code, and links to articles
Layout Gala
40 different layouts you can download individually or all zipped together.
Also links to articles on using negative margins and other techniques.
Free templates
A dozen elegant designs you can download
FreeLayouts
Huge number of free layouts with images
CSS Layouts
On-going blog about types of layouts, problems and hacks. Not elementary.
A few basic layouts with explanations
From the always elegant CSS Play
CSS Showcase
Gallery of very professional looking menus, tabs and layouts; also articles
CSS Drive
Reviewed and unreviewed designs. You need to work a bit to get to the code.
W3C Core Styles
Very basic

CSS in Different Browsers

Please also see Browsers section under XHTML Resources for information on usage and places to download all browsers.

Table showing which browser support which CSS features
Very useful
What browsers support in CSS and how to Display Stylesheets Dynamically
What browsers support what features and links on work-arounds for older browsers
Hacks for various browsers and CSS
This enormous list of hacks also has (near the top of the page) links to sites which summarize hacks.
It also lists various specific (recent) hacks with their effects and the browsers they target.
This wiki is maintained by CSS-discuss.
The Box Model Hack
One of the oldest and most famous hacks.
Links to Brain Jar's clear explanation, and others.
CSS in Different Browsers
Long article (current as of 2006) discussing the issue.
No tabular summary, but links to those for current browsers at Webdevout and for 2003 and older browsers at Blooberry
Devout.net
Browser support for CSS and CSS hacks
Fonts commonly found in various browser
Useful chart - so your choices are more likely to not default to the browser's choices
Survey of font usage by browser
Another useful source. See also their summary.
Equivalent fonts for PCs and Macs
Nice chart makes it easy to choose
CSS2 Generated Content
:before and :after; does not work in IE6 or IE7

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JavaScript

Books and Documentation for JavaScript

Books
Teach Yourself JavaScript in 24 Hours, 4th edition by Michael Moncur published by SAMS, 2006
While the first 3 editions were clear (but for novices), this edition is clear but goes further. Highly recommended if you've never used JavaScript
JavaScript: The Complete Reference, 2nd Edition by Thomas Powell and Fritz Schneider published by Osborne 2004
Not quite as complete as the Bible(directly below), but easier to read. I use both.
The JavaScript Bible 6th Edition by Danny Goodman and Michael Morrison published by Wiley 2007
An invaluable reference; very clear on even abstruse items; earlier edition was very clear on the DOM, including coverage on non'standards compliant browsers
JavaScript: The Definitive Guide 5th Edition by David Flanagan, published by O'Reilly 2006
Another excellent book; new edition includes Ajax
DOM Scripting: Web Design with JavaScript and the Document Object Model by Jeremy Keith published by APress 2005
A breath-takingly wonderful description of the DOM and how to make it work for you; also builds the basis for Ajax
Documentation
Mozilla's resources for JavaScript
Not for beginners.
Mozilla's Core JavaScript 1.5 Guide
Description of the language (if you already know it.)
Mozilla's Core JavaScript 1.5 Reference
Contains information about what is implemented in various versions.
Also contains information about LiveConnect, the way to link Java and JavaScript code.
Changes from JavaScript 1.5 to 1.6
Access page for all Mozilla's documentation, forums and articles on JavaScript
ECMAScript.org
ECMA owns the standards for JavaScript (whose official name is ECMAScript).
As of August 2008 the split between ECMA3 and ECMA4 proponents was resolved in Harmony and ECMA5, the new version of JavaScript was released in December 2009.
You can also find documentation,language specification, and tutorials at websitetips.com
The w3c documentation for the DOM
The DOM model
From JavaScript Kit
Reference on JavaScript
From JavaScript Kit
w3c on DOM
The Official Documentation for ECMA Script (basis for JavaScript)
Other source for documentation for ECMA Script and JavaScript

For older versions of JavaScript

Documentation (Guides and References for 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5)
Documentation for JavaScript 1.3 - 1.5 with information on changes from earlier versions.
Links to both the Guide and the Reference Manual
Date object
Documentation on the date object, including constructors and methods.
From here you may actually reach all the documentation on JS

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Tutorials and Articles for JavaScript

General Tutorials:

HTML Goodies' series of tutorials on JavaScript
First the 'Primers' and then the 'Basics' (which go thru AJAX)
Mozilla's "Reintroduction to JavaScript"
Friendlier than Mozilla's documentation
Articles on JavaScript
From Mozilla's forums
Javascript tutorial from w3schools.com
Always a good place to start
Tutorials and articles from WebReference
Many tutorials from 'JavaScript for non-programmers' to AJAX. (Columns 12-15 inclusive). Excellent resource; includes links to Mozilla pages just above and other collections. Be sure to check out the collections and the archives. Some tutorials are older - e.g. JavaScript for Programmers from WDVL
Short Description of JavaScript for students who have programmed in C++ or Java
Older, but very useful and to the point
Tutorials and scripts from JavaScript Weenie;
Intermediate level and useful
Tutorials and references from U. Minn- Duluth
Enormous list of tutorials and articles from the general to the specific;includes some links to book excerpts; regrettably, no description of the links
Tutorials from WebMonkey
Clear but somewhat dated. (Browser detection is now usually not needed.)
JavaScript Primers
30 steps to go from complete tyro to intermediate level.
Tutorials from WebKnowHow
About 20 tutorials, mostly for the beginner

Articles on Specific Topics (not advanced)

Focus on forms
The focus() and blur() methods
Local vs. Global Variables
Clearly described; from mredkj.com Also other interesting examples - e.g. to change tables, validate forms, etc.
Special characters, escaping them and Unicode
From Mozilla's Core JavaScript 1.5 Guide
JavaScript Variable Passing
Passing variables between pages in JavaScript
Navigation and JavaScript
Fancy footwork for lists of links
JavaScript Source: Free JavaScripts, Tutorials, Example Code, Reference, Resources, and Help
This site has tutorials, public scripts, book reviews, etc.
JavaScript.com - The Definitive JavaScript Resource: JavaScript Tutorials and Free Java Scripts
Tutorials and fancy scripts. Pretty good.
Programmer: JavaScript Intermediate Tutorial: Image Swapping
Tutorial on image swapping with links to related (and less related) topics.
JavaScriptWeenie
An older site with many articles, tutorials, most of which are relevant for older browsers.
Time in JavaScript
Goodies to Go newsletter show you how to set timeouts, etc.

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Articles on Specific Topics (Advanced)
DOM, DHTML, the Event Model, Cookies, etc.

The DOM and DHTML: current preference is to use the DOM
The w3c documentation for the DOM
What is the DOM?
Clear explanation from Mozilla
Fetching Remote Data (in XML) from a Server with DOM - advanced, but many good Ajax articles now for this task
DOM Scripting
Articles by Jeremy Keith, author of the DOM Scripting book and extremely readable authority on the DOM
Preloading Images with DOM - advanced
From DHTML to DOM Scripting
Excellent, thorough article
From DHTML to DOM,
Why you should switch. There is also Part 2
Digital Web Magazine has series of articles on DOM
Also book reviews, product reviews, interviews etc.
Dynamic Drive DHTML Scripts- Preload Image (with progress bar) Script
Pre-loading images for swapping; part of huge site with JS and DHTML scripts, many very in your face, and forums
JavaScript Libraries
Information on Javaxcript libraries may be found in the section on frameworks for AJAX
Other topics
Exception Handling in JavaScript
Advanced. Includes information about browser incompatibilities
Articles on JavaScript from Builder.com - many advanced
Properly using CSS and JavaScript with XHTML
With examples
Cookies: What they are and how to set them
Older but clear introduction; from a Department of Energy paper
What Cookies are and how they work
From HowStuffWorks; Be sure to see next page too.
DevGuru tutorials
Very advanced - e.g. interfacing JavaScript with .ASP
Case Study of how Mozilla redesigned its site
Shows both pure CSS and hybrid CSS/JavaScript approaches
Older and sophisticated but still worthwhile

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Links and Resources for JavaScript

Debugging

The easiest debugger to use is the JavaScript Console (available in Firefox, Netscape Navigator and Opera). Most of these references concern more advanced tools.

Description of JavaScript debugging tools
For all browsers, but with a dojo focu, and older debuggers
Beginning JavaScript Debugging
Good introduction from WebMonkey.
JavaScript Resources from Mozilla
Mozilla's tools and Mozilla's developer tools
Including the Console and Venkman and the DOM inspector add-on and news on these tools
Firefox add-ons and Seamonkey add-ons, especially those for web developers, are also useful!
See Firebug and the Web Developers package for Firefox
See the Web Developers package for Seamonkey
Note: Seamonkey is the developer's version of Firefox.
Tutorial on Venkman from WebReference
Tutorial on Venkman and list of resources on it
Looks very valuable.
Another tutorial on Venkman
A freeware debugger from Hot Scripts
The Freshmeat debugger
Microsoft's Script Debugger
JavaScript Trace Window (uses GreaseMonkey in Firefox)
JSLint
Looks for problems in JavaScript pages; check out the documentation first; from 2002 so may not support DOM.

Other - especially tools and sources of scripts
Frameworks are in the Ajax section of the Web 2.0 resources

SiteExperts.com - Your Community of Site Experts
Another community of web developers
Experts Exchange - another community
Dev articles on JavaScript
Enormous compendium of articles, many advanced; scripts may be found here too, by category.
How to Embed a JavaScript Engine in Your Applications
This is SpiderMonkey and it is available from Mozilla
JavaScript.com
Free scripts - some a bit cutesy; free newsletter
Mozilla's tools
Mozilla has a large amount of information and tools, including the debuggers, etc. Their DOM Central links to many tutorials, reference guides, demos, tools etc.(Even the old DOM Sidebar tabs). Also Sidebars for CSS, JavaScript and XSLT Mozilla's DOM Inspector, but also see the debugging tools just above
SourceForge Projects on Text Editors
SourceForge material is all open source. FCKEditor is here, for example, as is Notepad++ and its add-on
BrainJar
This is the site that brought you their DOM viewer; tutorials and tools. Small but worthwhile
DevGuru Reference
Bore down through the menus to get a clear explanation of various elements of JavaScript
comp.lang.javascript
Google group still going strong
DynamicDrive
Tools and scripts and links; focus on DHTML; threads and posts on their forums number in the thousands; good place to look for answers when nothing else helps
JavaScriptKit
Tools, tutorials, scripts; quite up-to-date, including material on AJAX etc.
JavaScript.internet.com
Large repository of scripts, tutorials, etc. Check out the FAQs first
Links to Web Reference, XML.files, and WDVL (Web Developer's Virtual Library)
Scripts.com's JavaScript scripts repository
Enormous repository of JavaScripts scripts organized by type, also searchable.
Scripts are rated by users. Most are free.
DHTML Shock
Scripts with a focus on DHTML
Cross-browser
Scripts and articles on cross-browser JS and DHTML using the DOM
Tech Republic articles on JavaScript
Not organized, but is searchable. Many quite advanced
Web Reference on JavaScript
Searchable archive of articles and tutorials from elementary to advanced intermediate
AListApart articles on scripting
Focus is on implementing a smooth professional appearance
WebStandards.org
A self-described grass-roots organization trying to advocate for Web standards which ensure accessibility
WebDeveloper
Hosts many forums, including one on JavaScript
Also has a searchable archive of articles on JavaScript which returns too many irrelevant articles
JavaScriptCity
Tutorials, references etc. Appears to be geared toward the novice
Sitepoint
Has a forum with many useful links, as do the publishers WROX (programmer 2programmer) and APress, CodingForum, Tek-Tips;   Evolt also maintains a list.
Yahoo maintains links to similar sites
and a Developer Network. My experience is that similar Yahoo lists have a goodly part of the top resources.
DevShed
Large collection of articles, scripts for web developers
Selections for Python, PHP etc. are more recent than the few on JavaScript

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CGI and Server-Side Scripting

General - Including Information on HTTP and TCP/IP and resources for multiple languages

HTTP and TCP/IP
HTTP
Older (1996) but very useful explanation; well organized and probably has all you need to know and then some.
TCP/IP Resources
Great list of FAQs, tutorials, and books. Kept up to date.
Overview of TCP/IP and the Internet
Current description. Starts with the history (OK to skip) but gives all the details you need if you are not a network administrator.
Primer on TCP/IP
Older (1997), but a good place to start
Another older (1998) Primer on Internet technology
Daryl's TCP/IP Primer
Goes deeper than a primer; kept up to date.
Older (1998) course on managing servers
Classic references; good description of client-server model, http, mime types etc.
IANA
Who owns what domain name, which port is what, and what the language abbreviations are
Sites with Scripts and Advice for Multiple Languages (Perl, PHP, Python, etc.)
Which Scripting and Programming Languages are People Searching about?
Monthly survey on queries about Perl, PHP, JavaScript, Java etc.
Developer.com articles on Perl, PHP, etc.
Excellent very current intermediate level articles, but you need to search. Better yet, subscribe to some of their free newsletters and be notified of new articles.
ASPN
Resource for programmers in Perl, PHP, Python, etc. Major site.
HotScripts
Articles and scripts for many languages - Perl, PHP, Python, JavaScript, XML
OnLamp.com
O'Reilly maintained site with articles and book excerpts on all the open source technologies - Linux Apache, Perl/PHP/Python, MySQL. Links to Safari books (also available free through the ACM is you are a member).
CGI Resources
Links to very many CGI scripts, mostly in Perl, and tutorials (rated by users)
DevShed Perl Tutorials, Scripts, etc.
Links to user submitted and rated scripts and articles in many languages; most free
WebReference
Intermediate to advanced articles. Includes the Mother of Perl site. Also PHP (with links at the bottom) and now starting on python
Matt's HTTP Cookie Library
And his CGI resource of thousands of CGI scripts - mostly in Perl

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CGI, including Regular Expressions - see also Perl folder

Books
CGI Programming with Perl by Gunther Birznieks, Scott Guelich, and Shishir Gundavaram 2nd edition publishd by O'Reilly 2000
Very useful book
Learning Perl 3rd edition by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Phoenix, publishd by O'Reilly 2007
Excellent way to learn enough Perl to write CGI scripts easily
The Web Wizard's Guide to Perl and CGI, The Web Wizard's Guide to PHP, both by David A. Lash, 2002
These books won't make you a great guru, but they will get you going very quickly; well-written
The next few links are overview' of CGI
Client and server
Introduction to terms
WDVL: Table of Contents on Web Programming
Tutorial on server-side programming and sending info from HTML forms. Excellent introduction . Definitely the place to start if you don't know the difference between GET and POST or need a short introduction to Perl. These tutorials, from Selena Sol, are also available at Extropia, which also has links to Perl tutorials for web developers.
WDVL: Request Headers
What's in an http header
CGI A very short overview
CGI Scripts - Writing and Using CGI
Another very elementary introduction to CGI; several short articles to read
Elementary introduction to the technologies you find server-side (ASP, Perl, PHP etc.)
Gentle Introduction to CGI
Also has many links to books and on-line resources. Updated in 2004
The Web Development Environment
An excellent introduction; less cursory than the earlier ones; you will enjoy it more if you have already heard of some of the technologies mentioned (Java, HTTP, etc.) A shorter version is available for newbies.
w3c.org Introduction to CGI (older)
Other information from w3c about standards also available.
Why learn CGI?
From the people (O'Reilly) who publish a book on the subject - includes kind words about their own (excellent) book; this article is mainly motivational.
The next few articles will actually show you something you can modify and use; for more detailed information you need to go to the section on your language of choice (Perl, PHP or Python)
CGI Developer's Guide
Older, but will get you going
CGI Tutorial
Good introduction to CGI, environment variables, etc.
Easy introduction to CGI
Another good short introduction
CGI articles oriented towards Perl and more general CGI articles from About.com
There are many articles in the Perl and Web Design section, but you need to know what you want - e.g. guestbook - so you can search for it here.
CGI Tutorials from HTML Goodies
Very well written tutorials, but maybe dated (1/2005). For example, you are more likely to FTP your server scripts to the server than to use telnet.
The Problem of Statelessness
Validating user sessions in PHP
Good introduction to the problem of statelessness; php implementation of solutions
Form validation
Validating a form before sending it to a cgi script - mainly to be sure all fields are filled in.
The following links are to collections of articles
WebKnowHow's Tutorials, articles, scripts and books on CGI
Many (unsorted) links, many to old sites.
Webliography on CGI, Perl, etc.
Great list of links, even though many are to older articles
CGI articles from HTML Goodies
Includes codes for a guest book and for counters
Tutorials on regular expressions. Although some lean towards one language or another, regular expression syntax is pretty much the same in all the scripting languages.
Tutorial on regular expressions
Library of Regular Expressions
Regular expressions in JavaScript, which has a regular expression finder
Regular expressions tutorial from a Python book; rather telegraphic
How to use regular expressions
Regex tutorial and its continutation using Perl.
Advanced (Perl) Regex tutorials - Part I, Part 2, andand documentation
PHP and regex tutorial
How to do Regex in Python
Regular-expressions Language neutral, but not elementary. Links to books.
Regular expressions and .Net
Regular expressions syntax summary Details subtle differences among languages and Unix variants.
Tutorial on Regular Expressions in Perl Very complete ; from PerlDoc

Documentation on Regular Expressions in Perl
Regular Expressions Fast and dirty reminder about regular expressions
Server-Side Includes
Tutorial on Server-side includes
Older (1995 article, last updated in 2002) but author says basic principles still apply
Links to many resources of Server-side includes
Including tutorials
More links to article and tutorials on server-side includes

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Perl - see also CGI folder

Downloading PERL - ActivePerl  (free ) and mod_perl

You want to write your scripts in Active Perl; mod_perl is the Perl interpreter which comes free with your Apache web server

ActiveState - ActiveState products open source programming languages tools
Download site for ActivePerl
ActivePerl User Guide
In table of contents, look for "Getting Started" to see how run example.pl
Also open it in Notepad
ActivePerl Help - Online Docs : Getting Started
ActivePerl Help - Online Docs : ActivePerl FAQ
ActiveState also has PHP, Python and XSLT products
mod_perl: everything you need to know
Sourceforge.net also has Perl IDEs etc.

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PERL Documentation, Tutorials and Resources

Tutorials- general
For tutorials on regular expressions please see the CGI section.
learn.perl.org: The site for people learning Perl.
Good listing of current books at all levels
Picking up Perl
Easy to use reference. More complete than elementary tutorials. 'The weekend crash course' is available through Books 24x7 e.g. at many university libraries or if you are a member of ACM.
CGI and Perl Tutroial
Another easy place to start, especially if you want all the facts quickly.
Beginning Perl Tutorial
Great place to start. From pageresource
CGI 101
Perl tutorial with focus on CGI; a quick start and good description of the environment variables
Web Programming with Perl and CGI
One of my favorites; they also have a Perl 5 Tutorial with emphasis on object oriented features and a version which links up with Java
Perl tutorial
Older, but still a good introduction.
CGI Programming Made (Relatively) Easy Using LIbraries
Another good place to start
Tizag Tutorial on Perl
Another fine place to begin learning Perl; has information on interfacing with databases, too, and chomp
Webmonkey tutorials on Perl, CGI, etc.
http://htmlgoodies.earthweb.com/primers/perl/
Perl primers from HTML Goodies
The Perl You Need To Know
Includes information on cookies and linking up to databases
Perl Monks has many tutorials
These range from the elementary to the advanced.
The useful site is very large, and, newbies will find it be easier to start with one of the places above (e.g. from pagereource.com).
Everything you ever wanted to know about perl's module cgi.pm
From Lincoln Stein, who wrote the cgi module
Tutorial on Using Modules
CGI Resources
Links to many tutorials, references, sources of scripts
The Fool's Guide to CGI.pm
Nice introduction with usefule examples, for folks who can read easy regex
Perl Tutorial from Perl.com, the O'Reilly site
For those who are sophisticated programmers and want to start in Perl
Perldoc has intermediate level tutorials
CGI Developer's Guide
Short introduction with examples for people who know what they're doing
Tutorials related to Perl and Databases
Tutorial on databases and their perl interface
A gentle introduction
Database programming with Perl
Interfacing MySQL with Perl
O'Reilly book chapter
Down the Perl/DBI module to interface with MySQL
FreeBSD on accessing a database from Perl
Tutorial on Perl MySQL functions
This is from thescripts.com, where you may also post questions to the developer community for various scripting languages and databases.
Tutorial on Using Perl etc. to write software for genome research
Includes such topics as subroutines and @_ and interfacing with databases as well as a good list of books
Documentation and Resources
Perl Documentation at Perl.org and at perldoc.perl.org
Current release is Perl5; (documentation for Perl4 is at CMU)
CPAN and Perldoc have documentation for the CGI Library in Perl: including for older versions
Also a cheat sheet for novices.
CPAN
Where to find MODULES to add many useful functions to your Perl - e.g. the standard module, oraperl (for Oracle databases) etc. Also how Install CPAN Modules
Perl.com: The Source for Perl - perl development, perl conferences
Articles etc. for serious PERL programmers from the O'Reilly book folk
About.com's info on building and installing Perl modules
They also link to more of thier own tutorials and other Perl resources.
CGI-LIB.pl homepage
Library of CGI scripts in Perl; Also directly accesible at Berkely
Includes documentation, source files, examples, etc.
Documentation for Perl CGI Module
Documentation is readable and it is easy to find what you are looking for.
Downloading and installing additional Perl modules
Google groups on Perl
This site includes several very useful groups (see green links ): one for Perl beginners, another on Perl modules, and another for miscellaneous Perl questions.
Can not be recommended enough.  Search for key words in the Perl beginners group, for example, and then follow the whole thread (link in the upper right).
Excellent resource.
Perl community: many groups, mailing lists and sites
CGI and Perl FAQs
In addition to the FAQs, has a great list of books and other resources.
Scripts for Perl
This is the Mother of Perl site ; intermediate to advanced articles
ActiveState -
Build a custom installation of Perl and check system requirements - see warning on RedHat Linux v8
Perl libraries for www interactions - e.g. HTTP etc.
Parsing XML documents with Perl's XML::Simple
PERL module which has an XML parser (written in PERL)
Documentation on param() and CGI
Older but still valid; info is otherwise not easy to find

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Perl Examples, Scripts, Hints

Decoding CGI form data in Perl scripts
Reading CGI Data From Perl Scripts
A Perl script that reads and parses CGI data
Matt's Script Archive, Inc. :: Free Perl CGI Scripts
Links for free scripts
Scripts.com has many Perl, PHP, ASP and JavaScript scripts
Open The Crypt / Joe's Free CGI Scripts From The Crypt / www.getcruising.com
More free scripts
Perl Meets Bio-informatics 
From O'Reilly - perhaps because they've published a book on this topic
Template Toolkit for template procesing
Perl and XML
How to embed XML in an HTML Page
To edit all scripts with one line of Perl

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PHP

Please also check the Multiple Langauges listings in the General CGI section
The main PHP site
Home site for php, including documentation, download of php processor, and tutorial
PHP Tutorial - from its makers
PHP: Introduction and Manual
Zend makes PHP interpreters, etc
Their DevZone subsite also linkes to articles, tutorials and the manual.
Implementing Patterns within PHP
What can PHP do?
Commentary from the PHP folks
PHP tutorial from w3schools
Always an excellent start; includes lessons on interfacing with XML, MySQL and AJAX.
Working with PHP datatypes
Several short tutorials. Gets you going quickly. PHP -Entry Point - Lesson One includes some information on pro's and con's; links to to various PHP sites
PHP4 tutorial So it is missing PHP5's support for objects
How to handle forms in PHP
Extract XML document statistics with PHP
Using PHP to extract stats about XML documents.
Google help group on PHP installation etc.
Apache guide to installing and configuring PHP with Apache
Firepages
Large site with downloads for PHP development, forums, etc.
U. of Minnesota Duluth
Large excellent set of PHP resources including tutorials, articles on regex, using PHP with databases, and PHP and Ajax.
Validating user sessions in PHP
Tips on Debugging in PHP
Unit Testing in PHP is the current PEAR site for unit testing.
This is also available at older sites see for both PHP5 and PHP4. The most current site includes a tutorial on writing (regression) tests.
Simpler testing utilities are available for JUnit both from JUnit and from SourceForge.
SourceForge has PHP Port testing and also testing for mock objects.
LastCraft provides unit, mock objects, and navigation testing (including for cookies and forms.)
Implementing Design Patterns in PHP
PHP Projects at SourceForege
DevX Resources and Script in PHP
Well categorized, but many have very few scripts
DevPlug is a PHP Developer's Forum
PHP Resource Index
Scripts, snippets of code, and tutorials; large site, hierarchically organized

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Python

Whetting Your Appetite
Python tutorial
What is Python
Also follow the links on the right hand side
More on why Python
From the horse's mouth
Tutorial on Python from Developer.com
How to do regular expressions in Python
Be sure to also check the general references on regular expressions in the CGI section.

And More

ASP Tutorial
from w3schools - usually excellent introduction
Implement a flexible shopping cart with XML and ASP

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XML, Web Services, and Related Technologies

XML

XML Articles, documentation and tutorials

Book and Documentation

Books
Inside XML by Steve Holzner published by New Riders 2000
Excellent for both learning and as a reference; includes XSL and useful material on interfaces with Java and JDOM and SAX
XML and Web Services Unleashed by Ron Schmelzer, Travis Vandersypen, Jason Bloomberg, and Madhu Siddalingaiah published by SAMS 2002
Another boook useful for learning and as a reference; many examples; note that this book includes web services
Charles F. Goldfarb's XML Handbook, 5 Edition by Charles F. Goldfarb and Paul Prescod published by Prentice Hall 2003
Includes some material on web services; for a long time this was the standard; well-written, it is still very useful
Learning XML, Second Edition by Erik T Ray published by O'Reilly 2003
More of a book to learn from than the ones above; very clear
XML 1.1 Bible by Elliotte Rusty Harold published by IDG 2004
Includes coverage of CSS, but very limited coverage of important topic of schemas, so I would use the other books first.
Documentation
W3C HTML Home Page
XML homepage from the w3c
Includes description of the many working groups and links to them, to various languages specifications and versions, and to many other resources.
XML Schemas
What are the components of an XML Schema and here their definition in a DTD
Chart of Built-In DataTypes
XML Recommendations Homepage
XML Specs
XML Namespaces
The Cover Pages
Important collection of on-line reference material on SGML/XML languages and various standards, now hosted by OASIS. You may want to start at About XML Cover Pages. Site is for the knowledgeable (except possibly the news stories on front page).
DTD's attributes

Tutorials and Articles - Note:  Tutorials on SOAP and WSDL are under the 'Web Services' heading, but information on SAX, DOM, JDOM etc. is here

XML Tutorial from w3schools
Great introductory tutorial. See also their description of XML syntax
TopXML: XML Tools, XML Articles and XML Learning Tutorials
Many tutorials - XML, SOAP,XSLT, etc and also links to XML parsers. Great site.
Another very basic tutorial
So you don't get scared away.
Good basic tutorial from WDVL
More in-depth than some of the other elementary tutorials, but doesn't get to schemas
Links to very many tutorials
From IBM, Microsoft, etc. at various levels and on sub-topics (e.g. security). A great resource
Wonderful set of links to tools, tutorials, and many resources for XML
Also has info on links to databases and server-side uses of XML
Tutorials on everything from HTML to XML
XML.com: XML From the Inside Out -- development, resources, specifications
O'Reilly site with many articles
What is XML? From HTMLGoodies.com
XML Terms
What the basic terms mean
Tutorials on XML from About.com Very basic
XML and DOM
Usual excellent introduction from w3schools.com
XML Namespaces
Introductory tutorial from the About.com site
XML Schema Primer from w3.org --
Very good, especially if you know a little bit. Three pieces:
Primer,  Structures  and DataTypes   
XFront has links to many great tutorials -
including ones on XML Schema,  Canonical XML, Best Practices etc. and also XSDs for all countries, all currencies, etc.  Great source! This is from Roger Costello (one of the authors of the w3c.org Primer) and is a great resource.
Tutorial from Roger Costello on Best Practices for XML Schema
Another link to the same tutorial
Zvon tutorials on many XML related topics
Tutorials on XML, Schemas, Namespaces, XPath and XSLT, RDF, XInclude, XUL etc.
DevGuru tutorials
Tutorials tend to be oriented towards using Microsoft technology rather than standards based
Tutorials from the ACM There are several
The next group of tutorials is from IBM:
Tutorial on understanding SAX
Tutorial on DOM
Manipulating XML in Java (see also a search for JDOM) Tutorial looks at SAX, DOM, JDOM and JAXP
More tutorials from IBM Many are quite advanced
Java and JDOM tutorial
Betwixt
Introspection for XML data to map it to Java Beans; advanced.
Reading and Writing XML in .Net
.NET and XML: XSD Schemas Tutorial on schemas

Other resources - after you know a bit

The w3c has links to all its working groups
For example, the Schema Working Group homepage
You can also find new Technical Reportss by date, title, etc.
xml.apache.org
Link to Xerces parser, implementations of XSL, etc. A very important site
TECFA's huge set of links on XML
Enormous and very useful set of links on validators and parsers, XML, XSL etc, and, tutorials and news about XML languages.
XML Developer Center Home
Microsoft's XML developer center, including articles, novice to advanced, and links
Open Source Web Development - Dev Shed
Articles on XHTML,CSS, XML, Perl, etc.
Developer.com articles on XML and related technologies
Current and clear articles
Links from Moller and Schwartzbach book
Useful links for everything to do with XML and Web Technologies, tho' it looks like most are not for newbies
JARS Automatic Resource Listing
Java class to automate the encoding of properties from Java into XML
Everything you always wanted to know about SAX (and XmlReader)
When to use SAX and when to use DOM
Application Design: Use DOM to create data-driven HTML documents
Using DOM to get conditional XML
Database Configuration, the XML Alternative
Configuring / designing your database with XML
XML-Dev
An open unmoderated discussion list on development of various XML languages;
Now managed by OASIS.  For the knowledgeable.
Perl and XML
How to embed XML in an HTML Page
XML Tools
Long and wonderful list from w3.org
Free XML Tools
By platform, or vendor or name etc.
Alphaworks is IBM's site
This is the link for xml; many links to subtopics and tutorial on newer technologies (e.g. AJAX)
Summary of schema topics: Slides on why schemas are better than DTDs
XML takes over the user interface
With, we hope better solutions to accessibility issues
XML as architecture
Interesting view of the ubiquity and power of XML
XML and Java and the Document Object Model
This IBM site has many links to tutorials, information and documentation on using Java to manipulate XML files, etc.  Very valuable.
XML meets JavaScript in Firefox
Series of articles on using JavaScript to maninpulate XML; many Firefox1.5 issues
Manipulating XML in Java (see also a search for JDOM)
Tutorial looks at SAX, DOM, JDOM and JAXP
XML files tend to get very large
Which can cause problems ? which some companies have worked on
See also Business Communications Review and ZDNet on this topic
Microsoft's DOM validator from XML
Courtesy of w3schools.
Checklist for well-formed XML
XML Canonical Form
Canonical form standardizes possible equivalent renditions of XML to one (canonical) form; this is important for checking digital signatures, etc. In addition to the subject in the title, there is a link to Ogbuji's Thinking XML columns at IBM?s developerWorks .
Canonical XML
Very clear tutorial from Roger Costello at xfront.com
Xforms Working Draft from w3c.org
More powerful handling of data and events than with HTML forms
See also their XForms for HTML AUthors
XForms tutorial from w3schools
Will XForms Matter?
Fight over XForms clouds future of Net
See also links on XUL at Mozilla.org and on Flash MX in the Miscellaneous section below
w3c addresses addressing in XML


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XML discusses XHTML

XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)
Discussion of XHTML1.0 as a re-formulation of HTML
XHTML Frequently Answered Questions
FAQs about why bother going to XHTML
XHTML 1.1 - Module-based XHTML
XHTML1.1 which is now a strict reformulation of HTML in XML
XHTML Modularization Overview
DTDs for XHTML
See how HTML (XHTML) is formulated in an XML DTD
There are several DTDs (depending on the version of XHTML you want 
XHTML tag index
See also the section on XHTML

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XMLSpy and Other Parsers

Download Trial Edition of XMLSpy Tools
XMLSpy is a wonderful tool, and you may try their tools for 30 days free.
Altova also makes tools for XSL (Stylevision) and for RDF editing (Semantic Works) .
There are free academic licenses available, and there is excellent documentation and a brief tutorial.
xml.apache.org
Link to Xerces XML parser, (API in C++, Java or Perl) at Apache. Constantly evolving. Links to other XML-related tools on Apache Homepage
TopXML: Learn about XML Parsers
XML parsers including Microsoft's and Other Parsers with links and brief descriptions for many XML parsers.
StylusStudio offers a free trial of their parser
Like Altova (XMLSpy) they also have XL and XQuery engines, etc.
JXMLPad - ZDNet Downloads
Module (in Java) to edit XML and XHTML
JARS Automatic Resource Listing
XML/XSLT editor (java based)
Parsing XML documents with Perl's XML::Simple
PERL module which has an XML parser (written in PERL)
Scholarly Validator
Free on-line validator from Brown University for small files
Simple parser at w3schools
Parser Validator in Perl from SourceForge site
Parser in PHP
This parser does not validate; php.net also has tools to create your own parser.
Many XML Tools
ZDNet has a listing of many XML tools for Windows, often with free trials.
css.nu maintains a list of validating browsers
XSmiles is an XML borwser for exotic devices
StAX, an alternative to SAX for Java programmers

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XSL / XSLT including XPath

0XSL/XSLT and XPath - Articles, documentation and tutorials

Why both CSS and XSL - which should I use?
From w3c - who brought you both standards
When to use CSS (whenever you can) and when to us XSL (when you must)
XSL from the w3c
What are the components of XSL (XSLT, XPath, etc.)? Very useful page, many good links
Introduction and Overview of XSL is also helpful
Of course, there are XSL Specs
XSL Transformations (XSLT)
w3.org documentation on XSLT
Web Style Sheets
w3c on style sheets - CSS and XSL
The Extensible Stylesheet Language Family (XSL)
Links to specs, tutorials, and articles on XSL, XSLT etc.
XSLT client-side
Simple introduction, but you'll need the www.w3schools.com or other tutorial to go further
Tizag tutorial on XSLT (and earlier one on XPath)
Like the w3schools tutorials, this is a gentle introduction.
Cient-side XSLT: Not just for server geeks any more
Good introduction
How to translform XML into XHTML
XSL Homepage of w3c
Including links to XPath, XQuery, XSLT, XSL-FO etc.
There is a large list of links to specs on all these languages, mailing lists, and software.
A great starting place for these technologies.
You can also find links to examples of XSL style sheets (e.g. at TopXML)
Style Activity Statement Gives status of various projects on style sheets - including CSS and XSL
XSL - Computerworld
What XSL is and why you should use it. Good start. See also Additional resources about XSL: Books and links on XSLT
Spinning Your Code with XSLT and JSF in Cocoon
Using XSLT with Java Beans etc. Advanced.
Multi-part tutorial: Discover the Wonders of XSLT
Part 1 -XSLT Good introduction to XSLT itself
Part 2: XPath
Part 3 of 3: Advanced Techniques: Tests and advanced techniques
Part 4: XSLT Quirks
Part 5: Workflows and multiple documents
Understanding the XPath Data Model
XPath data model and how it works, with links to info on infosets. Not for beginners
XPath and XSL tutorials
From w3schools.org  I think this is one of the clearest of the introductory tutorials.
Tizag also has clear introductory tutorials on XPath and XSLT
Learning XSLT has implications for CSS
Tutorial; main interest is using CSS to style XML in browsers
Tutorial on XSLT 2.0
Norman Walsh has also posted related tuorials on XPath etc.
XPath tutorial with links to examples on the left side. From Zvon
XPath Tutorial From TopXML
Several XSLT Tutorials
Their home page also has links to books and other resources for XSL and CSS.
Mozilla maintains a lot of information on XPath and XSL
What's New in XPath 2.0?
The primary purpose of XPath is to address parts of an XML document. XPath uses a compact, non-XML syntax to facilitate use of XPath within URIs and XML attribute values. XPath gets its name from its use of a path notation as in URLs for navigating through the hierarchical structure of an XML document.
Java JAXP, Writing Java Code to Emulate an XSLT Transformation
Emulating XSLT transformations in Java
XSLT and Java Server Faces
Introduction to XPath
.NET and XML: XPath Queries Tutorial
About.com tutorial on XSLT
Also has tutorial on ASP
Facilitating Teamwork with XML and XSL
XSL-FO - Extensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects
NOTE: XSL-FO is the old name for XSLT
XSL-FO for formatting objects
Using FO with Java tutorial
Introduction to XSL - XSL, XSLT, XPath, and XSL Formatting Objects
Introduction to XSL
Many examples of XML, XSL, VML and related technologies
Java and XSLT

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Tools and implementations of XSLT

Contemporary browsers all implement XSL for rending documents in a browser.
These links are for more general implementations of XSL.
XT
Free implementation of XSLT written in java
JARS Automatic Resource Listing
XML/XSLT editor (java based)
How to transform XML into XHTML
Stylus Studio sells a full line of tools for XML, XSLT, etc.
Many XML Tools
ZDNet has a listing of many XML tools for Windows, often with free trials.
XMLSpy includes an XSLT engine
Microsoft tool to create XSLTs to go from their WordProcessingML to their OpenXML form

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Specific extended MLs - MathML etc and also RDF and RSS

Note: This is XML and security first, then RDF and RSS, XML and Databases, then MathML and Amaya, XML in the financial services industry and then miscellaneous.
The Semantic Web, Web 2.0, AJAX, mashups etc. are in their own section.

XML Security and Encrpytion

Trusting and verifying
Which comes first
w3c has many resources
WS-Security is the specification for web services security
This is from OASIS
XAMCL stands for eXtensible Access Mark-up Control Language
This is Sun's implementation and programmer's guide
On-going news on Sun's implementation of XAMCL
SAML is one standard for secure web services
From w3.org, of course.
SAML stands for Security Assertion Mark-up Language
Security with SAML and XACML
This area is still changing ? suggest you search the w3.org site for these two extensions.
Encryption working group at w3.org
XML Encryption Added to Apache Project
Security issues and XML
Requires free login at ZDNet

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RDF - or Resource Description Framework - is a resource for describing catalogs

RDF Primer from w3.org
RDF Spec from w3.org
RDF is of interest to librarians, etc.
RDF Validator from w3c.org
Mozilla site on RDF
And some examples
What is RDF?
From O'Reilly site XML.com
Zvon tutorials on many XML related topics
Tutorials on XML, Schemas, Namespaces, XPath and XSLT, RDF, XInclude, XUL etc.
Relational databases on the semantic web and RDF
See also Tim Berners-Lee paper which started this subject

RSS - or Really Simple Syndication -  is how an XML feed is used to update news and blogs continuously.

What is RSS?

From O'Reilly - good casual introduction; includes a sample to get you started
What is RSS?
From webreference.com - lots of information
An introduction to RSS
RSS Syndication and Aggregation
Web references on RSS
RSS - Using XML to feed info on sites to subscribers
RSS monitors (new) content on sites and feeds it to subscribers. May also be used for on-going education.
Making headlines with RSS
Many scripts including for RSS
Scripts for Perl and RSS
Mother of Perl site
Exploring RSS and XML in Flash
RSS Feed for site listing free xml tools
And DTD for the above
RSS Enclosure exposure or pod-casting
An audio RSS feed
How to create your own RSS news feed
From w3.org, but with a quick 'cheat sheet' on how to do it
IBM maintains a site called alphaworks
This site provides current information about RSS and other new technologies
Mozilla site on RSS
All the following information on RSS is from one of my students:
Scripting news ? by Dave Winer; Winer designed this format at Userland and uses it in his blog
The history of RSS
RSS 2.0 Spec
How to set up a RSS channel
Using RSS 0.9
Clear explanation, tho? RSS 2.0 is current spec
RSS Aggregators  / readers
Full list at http://blogspace.com/rss/readers
Mac OS X: NetNewsWire (http://ranchero.com/netnewswire/)
Windows: SharpReader (http://www.sharpreader.net)
Linux: Straw (http://www.nongnu.org/straw)
Web: Bloglines (http://www.bloglines.com)
RSS Validators:
     FeedValidator.org (http://feedvalidator.org/)
     UserLand's validator (for 0.9x only) (http://rss.scripting.com/
Selected Sites with RSS Feeds:
     British Broadcasting Corporation (http://news.bbc.co.uk/shared/bsp/hi/services/htmlsyndication/html/default.stm)
     DevX (http://www.devx.com/DevX/Article/16190)
     LiveJournal Syndicated Feeds (http://www.livejournal.com/syn/list.bml)
     United States Department of Defense (http://www.dod.gov/news/rss/)
     WebReference.com (http://www.webreference.com/services/news/)
     For a more exhaustive list, go to the RSS Compendium (http://allrss.com/rssfeeds.html)
      IBM?s RSS feed on weather
Quick Start on RSS
Requires free registration, but worth it
RSS Tutorial fromContent Publishers and Webmaster
Gentle introduction with links to more advanced information
RSS Workshop from U. of Utah
Links to places to learn how t create your own feed in the language of your choice; lots of examples
WebKnowHow articles on RSS
Introductory
O'Reilly has articles on RSS
Also check out their tutorials which are less basic than the ones above
Support for CSS poor in most RSS readers (7/06)
Building a Generic RSS Class in PHP
Requires some knowledge of MySQL and PHP,/dd>
Working with RSS and Oracle JDeveloper
If you prefer Oracle and Java
Expand RSS capabilities with RSS extensions<.a>

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XML and Databases, including XQuery; Please also see RDF

XQuery for database querying at w3c.org
This is now the standard.
XQuery Tutorial from w3schools.com
What is XQuery?
Introduction at O'Reilly site xml.com
XQuery tutorial
Slides that are now part of book An Introduction to XML and Realted Technologies by Moller and Schwartzbach
An Introduction to XQuery
A look at the w3c schema with many links to other resources
Using XML with Databases Tutorial
SQLX.org is devoted to SQL and XML working together
Because SQL is an ISO standard its specs are copyrighted; a copy may be bought through SQLX/
XML Programming with SQL and XML
Excellent and comprehensive article
XViews for implementing Views on XML databases
This is an IBM research paper, not a w3c standard.
The web standard has moved to RDF (see above) and the Data Access Language (next item).
The Data Access Working Group has developed an RDF query language to be interoperable with SQL
It is also working on issues of querying on the semantic web
Relational Databases on the Semantic Web
Does RDF implement E-R? by Tim Berners-Lee
Integrating web services with SQL Server
Also using the SQLXML classes
XML and DB2
And more on this and IBM's SOA plans
XMLSpy includes an XQuery engine
Oracle's site has many articles on XML and databases
Example: Oracle version of XQuery and Using XQurey with XSL

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MathML and Amaya

MathML
Home page at w3.org
Includes a complete description of MathML
Amaya Home Page
Web authoring tool which includes support for MathML
MathML in Mozilla
A rich resource, including transling from TEX, SOAP interfaces, etc.

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Financial Service Industry

XML in the Financial Services Industry
A good introduction to eBXML, XBRL, FIXML, MDDL, FpML, and assorted standards groups for this industry
InfoWorld: XBRL: A case study in complexity:
How BusinessReportingML became too complex to work - good case study in design
ebXML: Introducing the Vision
What is eBXML? (hint: e is electronic and B is for Business) Follow links at bottom for series of articles - for whole series of articles
XBRL to Sharpen Banks' Biz Reports
XBRL (eXtended Business Reporting Language) must be used by banks and other public companies (per Sarbanes-Oxley Law) to consolidate units when they report their financial results; will also migrate to internal reports.
XML Variant to Ease Financial Reporting
How XMRL will help
Sarbanes-Oxley: Road to Compliance
What's involved in compliance for Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) from an IT point of view
SOX compliance is a big topic.
Resilient: Making processes into objects - News - ZDNet
BPEL (Business Process Execution Language) for the non-techie
InfoWorld: Is BPEL the real deal?:
July 02, 2004: By Phillip J. Windley : APPLICATION_DEVELOPMENT : APPLICATIONS : WEB_SERVICES
An introduction to ebXML
The interaction of eBXML and Web Services
UBL, or Universal Business Language
Uses XML to define a vocabulary for common business forms, such as purchase orders etc.
It is also designed to work with eBXML

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Miscellaneous: VoiceML, XUL, WML (wireless), etc.

XML Technolgies
Short descriptin of the main ones
MetaMap of All the XML Technolgies
A wonderful map of how these are all related and what the acronyms mean
Add XML functionality to your Flash movies
FlashXML
A markup language for designing GUIs
XUL is Mozilla's Language for designing user interfaces and widgets.
Tutorial on creating application with Mozilla
Includes chapter on XUL
Links to books on VoiceXML etc.
WDVL.com
Introduction to WML from About.com
WML is Wireless Mark-up Language
Wireless Web Initaitive at w3c.org
Mastering Wireless Programming: First Steps in C++ or C#
Microsoft?s XML Visio Schemas
TimeML is a markup language for temporal events
XInclude
An evolving specification for including &merging XML documents
Not surprisingly it works only with schemas (no DTDs)
Here is a brief introduction
Zvon tutorials on many XML related topics
Tutorials on XML, Schemas, Namespaces, XPath and XSLT, RDF, XInclude, XUL etc.
Primer on OpenXML (Microsoft) and Open Document Format (everone else)
OpenXML for Open documents format - vs. Microsoft (3/06)
OpenXML gaining (4/06... especially after acceptance by ECMA
ODF (Open Docment Format) is accepted by OASIS and supported by IBM
Translator to go between Microsoft?s OpenXML and Open Document Format (ODF) (7/06)
Microsoft?s plug-in for conversions from Office To OpenXML (7/06)
Google behind ODF; You should also check out Massachusetts?s push for ODF.
Many XML Tools
ZDNet has a listing of many XML tools for Windows, often with free trials.

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Web Services

Please note that many links related to web services - e.g. security, mobile web, etc. are in section directly above.
Choreography and BPEL are in this section.

Web Services - general information; what is SOA, etc.

Overview of Web Services
A brief overview; not much detail; links to implementing web services with Java on Linux
What are web services?
The 'home' links to many articles about web services
Client and server terms defined
Web Service Demos from Mindreef.net.
Fun to try.
w3c.org definition of a web service
This is in their document on web service architecture.
MetaMap of how the different technologies are related
May be more useful after you know a little about the area, and then invaluable
There is also an information page.
Relationship of Web Service's Major Components
Simpler than the MetaMap; good place to start, then go to MetaMap
This site also has an excellent glossary
What is a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)?  What are Web Services?
Very good introduction to SOA, for those who already know the lingo.  8 pages!
SOA (without web services) in plain language
The difference between SOA and Web Services'
InfoWorld: Web services alphabet soup: Application Development
Web services alphabet soup - and modularity
The Web Services Family Tree
From XHTML to AJAX
Understanding Service-Oriented Architecture
Great introduction (actually a book chapter). 'Composition' has the same meaning as composition of functions in math - i.e. one followed by another
Web Services Explained
Another book excerpt, slightly less detailed than the previous one
Web Services Architecture
Although this claims to describe only IBM's architecture, it is a good description of all the web service architectures.
Web Services Architecture
Description of basic and more complex web services stacks; covers major vendors: Sun, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, HP, BEA and Borland
Web Services Essentials
From Sun, this emphasizes a role for Java. Of course, designed to be platform neutral, web service may be implemented in other languages, too.
Introduction to Web Services
Very clear, but basic. From Altova, creators of XMLSpy. Starts general and then moves to their tool
Service Oriented Architecture: How and Why
Arguments of for IT managers and why SOA is the way to go. Good survey
New Rules Govern the SOA Lifecycle
As Ye SOA So Shall Ye Reap
Humorous story
Fuzzy boundaries: Objects, Components and Web Services
Which to use when; further discussion with authors
Web Services Hurdles
Including security and reliability
Also cultural changes and peoples' customs
Quality control issues
No warranties, or QoS issues
Securty issues, which OASIS has several initaitves on
Performance issues as files get larger and larger
The Rise and Fall of CORBA
What we can learn from CORBA, one of the ancestors of web services
The Top 5 Myths about SOA
Capitalizing on SOA
Good discussion of SOA patterns, philosophy, pros and cons
TestingQuality in an SOA
The Value of SOA and Part II
Close the loop:Using SOA to automate human interaction
With specific detailed example
White Papers from Ziff Davis
Including on ROI, strategies for success, costs and benefits, how to adopt etc.
Four Steps to SOA
SOA FAQs
Free registration at MC PRess On-line required
Building SOA Your Way
Making it work for you; case studies
Finding Your Way to SOA
Sun introduction in either a business or technical version
SOA: Integrating Applications
Case studies of who did what and how much they saved

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Web Services: Books and Documentation

Please note that standards in this area are issued by both W3C (for XML and many of its extensions, SOAP, WSDL) and OASIS (for UDDI and ebXML, WS_Trust, etc.) and sometimes jointly. WS-I (Web Services Interoperability Organization) is also starting to develop standards. There is overlap in the membership of these organizations.

Books
The Executive's Guide to Web Services by Eric A. Marks and Mark J. Werrell pubblished by Wiley, 2003
A lot of managerial discussion of thadvantages of SOA, but a very clear description of the protocol stacks and what each part of web servicces does
Understanding Web Services by Eric Newcomer, Addison Wesley, 2002
Understanding SOA with Web Services by Eric Newcomer, Greg Lomow, Addison Wesley, 2004
Excellent introductions; second book is an update of the first
Web Services Essentials by Ethan Cerami published by O'Reilly 2002
, Excellent look at enough of the technology so you understand what is really happening; also detailed information about installing and interfacing with the server if you will be responsible for that too
Documentation
XML Protocols Matrix
Who is in charge of what protocol
Web Services Architecture from w3c.org
Web Services Addressing Standards: Core
And SOAP Binding
Explanation of what the addressing standard do
Standards to Improve Performance released Feb 2005
Another discussion of same release
Web Services Polcies
w3c compares their version with that from IBM and Microsoft
Includes discussion of how to specify Quality of Service (QoS)
Table of all policy groups and standards on web services at w3c.org
WS-I is also working on standards
WS-I, a consortium of major software provides such as IBM, SAP, and Microsoft has an asynchronous messaging standard.
OASIS is working on standards for SOA protocols
They have issued standards on UDDI, reliability, security, transactions, and eBXML
They develop the UDDI Specs
They also have three security related standards: for exchanging secuirty related information (with SAML), for secure web services and for secure exchange of multiple messages
OASIS also codifies the specifications for Web Service Management (WSDM), which includes both Mangement of Web Services (MOWS) and Management Using Web Servises (MUWS).
The WSDM homepage links (near the bottom) to primers on both MOWS and MUWS.
Web Service Modeling Ontlology and the Semantic Annotations for WSDL Working Group
are developing standards for semantic web servcies
Links to SOAP, Web Services and related specifications
Unfortunately last updated in 9/05

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Web Services: Articles and Tutorials

General or multi-topic

Web Services Primer
Excellent place to start; from O'Reilly and XML.com; many links at bottom of article
Web Services Architecture
Although this claims to describe only IBM's architecture, it is a good description of all the web service architectures.
This is a very general article; if you want more information at this level, please look in the section on Web Services - general information.
Web Services tutorial from w3schools
After this tutorial, go to their tutorials on SOAP and WSDL
Web Services
Columns 96 to 106 (each of which is multi-page) includes coverage of calling web services from IE and of writing DTDs for XML.
MetaMap of how the different technologies are related
May be more useful after you know a little about the area, and then invaluable
There is also an information page.
xmethod.com tutorials on many tools to implement web services
Web Services
Large collection of articles on Web Services at MSDN. Everything from Web Services Basics to very advanced. For example, start with the XML Web Services Basics or the non- technical See What Web Services Can Do for You and move on to articels on security, problems with SOAP encoding, etc.
Special Issue of CACM on 'Services Science', which includes Web Services: vol. 49, July 2006.
Issue has many articles, including Introduction, Research Manifesto, Understanding Service Sector Innovation, Algorithmic Decomposition of Services, and What we can learn from CORBA, one of the ancestors of web services
Design of Web Services
Thought provoking tutorial from Roger Costello. Costello posts many excellent tutorials here, too.
Web Services: a B2B demonstration
Complete sophisticated example
XML-RPC tutorials for many platforms
See also their homepage; RPC (Remote Procedure Call) is ancestor of SOAP and many SOAP messages imitate this process.
Combine Polymorphism with Web Services
Understand Web Services Reliable Messaging
Google Direcotry on Web Services and SOAP
Web services, SOA and Application Frameworks
Making them work together to address issues such as scalability, security, and transaction and state management.Links to a reading list on the left. Site, focuses on web services architecture.
Securing Web Services the Low-Tech Way

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SOAP
Be sure to look in the sections on general information and tutorials (directly aobve) first; this section includes examples and language-dependent/platform-dependent information.

SOAP Primer from w3c
SOAP tutorial from w3schools
Understanding Web Services: Part I SOAP
You need an IBM password for this, so it is good for academic use and those who use IBM products.
Archives of SOAP at Discuss.Develop.com
Discussion list for problems implementing SOAP applications. Searchable
Understanding SOAP
From MSDN. Excellent article for those with some familiarity from more basic entries.
Brief SOAP Primer from above list
Full list of SOAP1.1 Implementations
What is in an HTTP header
Useful reminder as SOAP messages are transported with HTTP
Web Service Demos from Mindreef.net.
You can see the SOAP messages by clicking the Invoke tab and then the Edit/Preview button
AMQP:Advanced Message Queueing Protocol
From Cisco, RedHat, et al; to interoperate with SOAP and other messaging protocols. Stay tuned
SOAP tutorials
About 20 different tutorials with brief comments. Older with some broken links
Try A Busy Developer's Guide to SOAP 1.1
Perl and SOAP
SOAP examples from soaprpc.com
SOAP::Lite for Perl
Includes an excellent Quick Start Guide, which may also be found at O-Reilly's Perl.com site. The O-Reilly version links also to more complicated examples
SOAPLite maintains its own site, with a cookbook
Much of this duplicates the site above, but this one is easier to navigate and includes news.
Client-side SOAP from soapuser.com
Also links to table of SOAP packages for UNIX and Windows and information on server-side SOAP.Good tutorials.
Archives of SOAP at Discuss.Develop.com
Discussion list for problems implementing SOAP applications. Searchable
PHP and SOAP
Zend offers a SOAP implementation with PHP Extension
Devzone at Zend has examples and articles on using PHP and SOAP messaging and AJAX
New articles and tutorials are in the news section.
Also more advanced articles, such as on PHP SOAP extension
Tutorial on Web Services and PHP
NuSOAP, older and now less common, implements SOAP in PHP without PHP extensions
Download NuSOAP at SourceForge.org
Beginner tutorials from NuSOAP originally from Zend
Links to more information on NuSOAP by its creator, Dietrich Ayala
eZ is another open source SOAP implementation for PHP users
PEAR offers other modules for web services, some of which are described by Builder.com
Java and SOAP
Java and XML: SOAP
Excellent discussion of SOAP and RPC; first half of multi-page book excerpt is general and second half is Java-specific.
Java classes to create the SOAP API
Package from Sun
The Sun ONE Studio 4 tutorial also has a fully worked web services example.
Writing a Handler Class to Process (SOAP)Messages
Web Services Using JavaScript and .NET
Developing Web Services with Borland JBuilder and BEA Web Server
Develop Web Services Using JSF Web service tools in Rational Application Developer
Water
Water is a language designed for rapid protoyping of web services.
Some people are using it for teaching as it is designed to have a short learning curve.
Apache web server
Writing a SOAP client for Apache
The xmethod site also includes a guide to installing Apache SOAP and examples of SOAP services with their WSDL descriptions.
See also Introducing Axis2
Axis2 is the web service framework from Apache. A search at this site will lead you to many articles about Axis2, including Building a non-Java web service on Axis2. These articles explain some fairly sophisticated and complicated examples.
Apache has many web service projects, including SOAP, XML-RPC, and Axis
Apache site for SOAP
Microsoft platform ( as your server platform)
SOAP: Platform-Independent Server Communication from 4GuysFromRolla
SOAP from IE
A Young Person's Guide to SOAP
What SOAP is and how it is better than CORBAS and DCOM
Microsoft's .NET SDK
This replaces Microsoft's SOAP Toolkit 3.0, officially retired in3/05 and on extended support until 3/08; Also see How to Migrate to the .Net Framework

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WSDL

Introducing WSDL
Tutorial from Altova; first few slides are general and then moves to using XMLSpy to create WSDL documents.
WSDL Tutorial from w3schools
This is the most detailed of the 3 basic introductions listed here.
Writing WSDL Short, basic and clear
Understanding WSDL
Excellent detailed explanation from MSDN. Easier if you read one of the previous entries first. From Aaron Skonnard, one of the authors of the book Essential XML
XMethods lists many webservices available publicly for demos and examination.
It is helpful to work through several. Highlighted links allow you to examine the WSDL entry and try it.(See also the full list of these services.)
For example, Weather - Temperature is an easy place to start. .(Cape Clear offers a more complex global version of this.)
US Yellow Pages , with its WSDL entry, is more complicated as it provides several web services in one WSDL.
Web Service Demos from Mindreef.net.
You can see the WSDL by clicking on the Analyze tab.
WSDL Editors
Article is from 12/02, but many of these (e.g. XMLSpy from Altova and the one from Cape Clear) are still popular. Tools from are more recent.

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UDDI

UDDI4J IBM's open source implememntation for UDDI with Java interfaces
IBM, Microfot SAP had problems implemmenting UDDI 12/05
UDDI-based models of eCommerce
First read An Introduction to eBusiness with eBXML and web services and eBXML:the vision

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Choreography, BPEL and REST

w3c Group on Choreography
Choreography refers to sequences of web services interactions
There is a Overview of the Choreography Model
and a Requirements document,
Choreography Description Language and a Primer for it.
Understanding ebXML, UDDI, XML/EDI
eBXML and BPEL and modeling business processes
SOAP vs eBXML for complex transacations
W3C Inks Key Web Services Language
To coordinate a series of services - WS-CDL and also see about BPEL
Language may be used to describe peer-to-peer interactions
Web Services Choreography Description Language  (WS_CDL)
Working draft of language spec from w3.org
Orchestration of Rule-Based Web Services
Web Services Integration Patterns
and more patterns
Reconciling Web Services with REST
REST and the Rest of the World, which follows a description of REST
REST Tutorial from Roger Costello


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Web Services: Other Resources

Organizations
W3C
Links on topics such as web services, WSDL, XML, WS-CDL, etc.
OASIS and its subsidiary XML.org
Also The Cover Pages cover news.
ACM Portal
WS-I - open-source organization to promote web services interoperability
Standards, articles and news
WebServices.org
Group of about a dozen providers of enterprise-level software for web services, of which the most notable are CA and Systinet. Lots of news about who signed what deal, but most of the useful information is restricted to members of those companies.
Open Source
Apache Software Foundation
Soucre for Apache server, Tomcat java servlet server, Xerces XML parser and many other packages
Apache web services projects include Axis for SOAP and many others
Sourceforge.net
Major source for over 100,000 open source projects in anormous range of categories
Search for web services and specfic language or environment
Eclipse
Has an entire section on web tools; known primarily for Java IDE, now also offering a PHP IDE and web services tools
IBM runs a number of open source projects, and makes others available on academic license
w3c open source tools
Open Source Web Services Tools in Java
DevShed open source tools
Sources for good articles
Please also check the tools for many topics for a list of newsletters
Mangement of performance of web applications
IBM's alphaworks
Many excellent articles, some very sophisticated, and also RSS feeds on XML, webservices, etc.
IBM's Developer Works
The Web Services and SOA site has many excellent tutorials, articles and technical forecasts, all of high quality. A few of the longer tutorials require an IBM password.
XML.com from 'Reilly
Organized site with entries ranging from blogs to book excerpts. High quality.
O'Reilly also owns Safari on-line books (also available through the ACM if you are a member)
Web Services Architect
Magazine with some news, high quality downloadable articles, links to books and other resources
MSDN or Microsoft Developer Network
General articles and links to their magazine, as well as tutorials on their own products. High quality, but not as many current articles as the IBM sites
Sun Developer Network
Mostly focused on Java and on Sun developer kits, though some more general articles
Google Directory on Web Services
More focused than a straight search; more specifically: FAQs, tutorials, etc.on SOAP, on web services, on SOA architecture
XMethods.net
Many tutorials (for various platforms) and articles
XFront
Tutorials and articles from Roger Costello
Mozilla and Web Services
Many articles, including on how to access web services in mozilla agents.
Also check their project page as many projects are related to XML technologies
SOA Systems focus on web service standards and on SOA
Links to SOA Magazine and other resources.
Also useful glossary
SOAPRPC
News, many links to articles and other resources
Developer.com (Earthweb)
Many useful articles, intermediate to advanced; this links to their web services section; the Gamelan section has articles for java developers.
Primarily news
SearchWebServices is primarily news, but is searchable
eweek and InfoWorld
Regular sources of news for techies; announcements of new standards and products, summaries of conference speeches, etc.
Loosely Coupled
Similar to above, but more technical and with an SOA focus
JackBe
News and short articles on SOA and Ajax
Application Development Trends
Primarily news; some whitepapers
Ziff Davis Buyer's Guides and White Papers
Downloadable after free registration; oriented towards IT management
Similar to above, but more technical and with an SOA focus
Fusion Zone: SOA is primarily news and managerial-type articles with an Oracle slant
Languages and Tools
WebSphere from IBM
Sun Web Services Developer Kit
XMLSuite, XMLSpy, etc.
Tools for XML, web services, etc. Beautiful interfaces. Academic license available or 30 day trial.
Stylus Studio
Tools for XML, web services, etc. 7-day trial
SOAPLite toolkit for Pearl
SOAP client for PHP
McAfee Shares Internal Web-Services Security Tool
Water language
Mindreef SOAPScope Toolkit
Web services toolkit; free trial
Training for web services
The bottom has links to vendor training, such as that at CapeClear, Systinet,Collaxa, and Grand Central. These sites have lots of information : e.g.tutorials on regular expressions and Java Web Services at CapeClear (you need to search for tutorials; there are many more than are suggested by the tab on their home page), but some require logins.

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Examples of Web Services: Amazon, eBay and Google

Amazon Reaches 50,000-Developer Mark With Its Web Services Program: May 24, 2004
How Amazon has attracted developers to write for the stores which sell on Amazon, or how Amazon Web Services counts itself as having 50,000 developers
Amazon.com : Help / AWS home page
Home page for Amazon Web Services - all you need to know is XML and SOAP
Available here too
Amazon.com : Help / AWS home page / FAQ
Amazon Web Services FAQs - including what services are available etc.
AWS includes a web services platform,
a 'scratch pad' (Turk), a search engine and many e-commerce web servcies.
Amazon's XML Interface.
Amazon Web Services: A Brief Introduction Using PHP - Website Publisher
XML.com: Amazon's Web Services and XSLT.
Article from O'Reilly decribing both the web services and the REST interace to Amazon

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Web 2.0 and Related Technologies

The Semantic Web

Semantic Web initiative at w3c
Microformats a way to add semantic information through annotations
Costello's slides on the subject; as always a clear discussion
Microformats.org
State of the Art on (Semantic) Modeling in XML an IBM research paper
A Simple Linkage from Web Services to the Semantic Web

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AJAX or Asynchronous JavaScript and XML and Web 2.0

Books, Documentation, tutorials and articles- in that order

Books

AjaxPatterns.org keeps a list of books and refers you to Amazon etc. for reviews.
Ajaxian.com also keeps a list of books with descriptions and some reviews

Documentation

The XMLHttpRequest Object
Fields in the HTTPRequest Object
The Beginning of Ajax Standardization 4/25/06

Basic tutorials and articles

What is Ajax?
Very basic introduction
Another very basic What is Ajax? - this one with links to further information
AJAX introduced
The article which named it - with a great introduction to what it is
About.com's introduction to Ajax
Keeping Up with the Ajax Trend
Slightly older but very clear introduction. Links to various Ajax debugging tools
Ajax - the issues in using
Good introduction
Ajzx - Cut thru the hype
Excellent discussion of pros and cons of using Ajax; from IBM DeveloperWorks
Demystifying the Buzz about Ajax
Assumes you are familiar with browser objects and intricasies
Ajax and REST
A further discussion of what it takes to develop Ajax sites
Ajax and alternatives
Pros and Cons of Ajax vs. applets, XUL, etc. Useful discussion, but you won't be surprised to learn these folks love Ajax
Measuring the Benefits of Ajax
From an Ajax developer, who also wonders Will Ajax Replace the Desktop?
Publish thinks it will put more desktops on line, and has links to early adopters
Top 10 Reasons Ajax is Here to Stay
Ajax Is No Overnight Success
Including Security and Performance Risks
EWeek has also written about the security issues; Ajax was used to spread a worm thru Yahoo Mail
Ajax has some problems as pointed out by Gosling, the creator of Java
Wikipedia article summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of using Ajax
Ajax has accessiblity issues
But developers are working to overcome them
Putting Ajax to Work
Examples and a summary of some of the toolkits
A detailed Explanation of the XMLHttpRequestObject
This very clear article tells you all you need to know. (You can even omit the last part about interfacing with Java.)
The XML HttpRequest Object
Clear with nice summary tables; read the previous articlefirst.
Ajax Tutorial
Very basic. Uses innerHTML and not yet aware of IE 7, which supports XMLHttpRequest objects
How to Use Ajax
From Peachpit, which caters to graphic designers
Ajax Tutorial
From Tizag: level similar to w3schools tutorials
Getting Started with Ajax
From A List Apart. One example uses innerHTML (not supported by assistive broswers), but a richer example than most tutorials
XUL.fr/en/ has Ajax tutorials, demos, and a list of frameworks
How to Develop Web Applications with Ajax
Series starts in column12, continues on to column13, 14 and 15. Good explanation.
Understanding Ajax, followed by So How Do you Code an Ajax Page
Longer tutorials: first isbasic and second uses frames and non-cross browser examples, but also gets to more advanced tricks
Alternate Ajax Technologies -i.e. without XMLHttpRequest
Ajax and the Java Platform
Good article to get started, which uses almost no Java (use the server response of your choice). Note that Sun's Java Studio Creator 2 provides Ajax-like functionality for those who don't want to use Ajax directly.
Ajax and Sun's Java DB
Creating a MySQL Connection with PHP and Ajax
Usng Ajax from Perl
Ajax Active Tables allows you to edit MySQL tables in place
Symfony is a PHP toolkit which includes functions to access Ajax
AHAH is a subset of Ajax intended to be simpler
How to Use Ajax is another good tutorial to get you started
It leads to Creating Smart Forms with Ajax which includes form validation and downloadable code
Nitty Gritty Ajax
Shows how one drop-down menu can control the choices in the next drop-down menu
U. Minnesota Duluth References on JavaScript has whole section of articles on Ajax
This site is a great reference. For example, there are links to a number of articles here about making Ajax accessible as well as to tutorials.
Tutorials from Ajax Matters
Many tutorials, with descriptions, from the basic to advanced
Ajax Links found useful by developer/blogger John Wiseman

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More Advanced Articles and Other Resources, Including Examples and Frameworks

IBM Resource Center on Ajax
Many articles and more advanced tutorials. A very rich site, worth checking regularly
For example, see Part 1 and Part 2 of article on AJAX vs REST
See also Mastering Ajax - 8 part series. This excellent series starts at
http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/web/library/wa-ajaxintro1.html
Part 2 is a http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/web/library/wa-ajaxintro2/
and changing the '2' at the end of the URL will get you to the other articles,
except for Parts 7 and 8 start at http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/web/library/wa-ajaxintro7.html
(Parts 4-6 also explain how to manipulae the DOM)
Ajax Transport may be done by methods other than XMLHttp, as explained in this tutorial.
Mozilla's Ajax Center has many articles
AjaxInfo.com articles and enthusiasm
Ajaxian is one of the oldest and largest Ajax resources
Forums on many topics, book lists and reviews, articles, reviews of frameworks for PHP, Perl, etc. Not to be missed
Ajax Patterns
Wiki on all things related to Ajax - patterns, frameworks, libraries, books etc. Rich resource for programmers. Check out the popular pages.
Open Ajax is a consortium promoting tools for Ajax
Ajax Matters has books, tutorials, more advanced articles, and job listings.
AjaxDNA has Ajax Daily News and Analysis- lots of it, perhaps more than you want
Ajax World Magazine is similar
Developer.com list of Ajax tutorials
Extending Ajax with Flash
Jackbe articles on Ajax, Web2.0, etc.
JSON may be used to speed up AJAX
JSON is JavaScript Object Notation and is more compact than XML
See also JSON for the Masses
JSON vs XML/XMLHttpRequest in Mashups
Using Ajax to generate random codes
Uses this example to explore Ajax
The same author also show how to use Ajax to develop a chat application
Using XML HTTP Request to include javascript files and functions
Ajax Design Strategies from Sun
Callback and Ajax for .ASP programmers
Open Ajax Alliance of major vendors, open source projects, etc.
EWeek feature with news on Ajax
Using Ajax and JSON with Oracle
Google Gorup on Ajax
Pre-loading Images with Ajax and the DOM
How to pre-load thumbnails and then fetch all the full-size images with the first click on a thumbnail
WebReference has a number of Ajax articles; they are usually accessible to newbies
Creating a double dorp-down list with Ajax
Including some more advanced issues
Expanding a navigational menu with Ajax
How to improve your search engine ratings with Ajax
(or at least not have them get worse when using Ajax)
Ajax and mutual exclusion
How to avoisd concurrency problems
Examples of Applications Which Use Ajax and Frameworks (Libraries)
Top 10 Ajax applications
Zimbra,another, uses Ajax to integrate email, calendar etc.
Google Search with Ajax
API for putting a Google search on your web page; uses Ajax
Using the XML Http Request object has explanation & examples with Google's API and with JSON
Content Cafe at Quantum Books uses Ajax
Simple Quiz with Ajax
Expanding DOM tree inspector
AjaxInfo.com Many many links with descriptions; great resource
Ajaxian has articles on frameworks for Ajax, Ajax used with PHP, with Perl, with Ruby etc. Includes reviews by users. Great resource, but it may help to start with AjaxInfo before delving into this rich site..
Xul.com has a slightly shorter list, with comments
Seven Ajax Frameworks to watch out for
Ajax Patterns lists 150+ frameworks
Open Source Technology lists it 10favorite libraries
XUL.fr/en/ lists a number of frameworks, integrating with various languages
12 Days of Ajax has useful chart comparing various frameworks as well as more substantial description of many of them and useful set of links on the last page
Protoype
Protoype is the first open source tool set (framework) and currently the most popular. It is also the basis for script.aculo.us and other libraries. Many examples integrate with Ruby on Rails. You may also integrate Prototype with the symfony framework for PHP (for which a tutorial is available.) This overview is a good place to start, then this introduction.
Protoype Documentation is also available at script.aculo.us
Joseph Scott blogs on Prototype
Script.aculo.us
A large open source library, almost as populr as Protoype, on which it is based; integrates with Perl, PHP, Java, Ruby and everything else you can think of; scripts for animation, drag and drop, etc; DOM utilities. Easy to install. A Treasure trove.
DoJo another major open source framework for Ajax and JavaScript.
Has a new documentation kit There is a Google group and Ajaxian has a forum on Dojo.
jquery is a framework which may be used with other libraries
The site includes tutorials
JSPAN
Integrates with JavaScript and PHP
AjaxTags is a library for people who serve pages using Java and ASP. From SourceForge (hence open source)
Clean Ajax interesting project at Source Forge, sadly without documenation
Mozilla's AJAX Tolkit with tutorials, etc.
FlapJax integrates with JavaScript and is designed to make Ajax easy; easy tutorial
Yahoo User Interface Library includes tools for Ajax, DOM, etc.
Yahoo has many videos on Using YUI with CSS, designing th erich web experience, and rich text editing, etc.(check the related links too)
Yahoo's co nnection manager smplifies Ajax
Google web toolkit for Ajax integrates with Java
How to make your own Google Maps, host your own Gmail application etc.
JackBe tools to integrate Ajax and SOA
MochiKit Library of functions for working with the DOM and AJAX
There is a Google Group on Mochikit
Moo.fx for special effects in JavaScript integrates with prototype and mootools frameworks
Tibco soon to be open sourced

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